The third wave of establishing diplomatic relations with other countries (2024)

In the early 1970s, Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai made timely and farsighted major decisions in view of changes in international developments, thus opening new horizons for China?s diplomacy and ushering in a third wave of establishing diplomatic relations with other countries.

During this period, the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, were locked in rivalry for global hegemony, with the Soviet Union on the offensive and the United States on the defensive. To reverse its unfavorable position and lift itself from the predicament in Viet Nam, the United States sought rapprochement with China. Seeing that the United States had the desire to improve its relations with China, Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai seized the opportunity. They accepted the proposal made by the United States for improving relations with China and invited Kissinger and Nixon to visit China. During Nixon?s visit to China, the two countries issued a joint communiqué which became known as the Shanghai Communiqué. The thawing of China-US relations exerted far reaching impact on the international developments. In 1971, the United Nations passed with overwhelming majority of votes a resolution on restoring China?s lawful seat in the United Nations. China?s international status was vastly enhanced.

China?s relations with other third world countries saw extensive growth both politically and economically. China fully supported the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America in their just struggle against imperialism, colonialism and hegemony. It did not attach any political conditions in providing economic assistance. China supported the third world countries in developing their economy and their call for the establishment of a new international economic order, winning their trust and support. As a result, many third world countries entered into diplomatic relations with China. Twenty-six African countries forged diplomatic ties with China. There was also a breakthrough in China?s relations with the Latin American countries as China established diplomatic relations with 13 Latin American countries including Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela and Brazil. China entered into diplomatic relations with Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Bangladesh and Maldives in Southeast Asia and South Asia, seven countries including Iran, Turkey and Kuwait in West Asia and the Middle East and five countries in South Pacific such as Fiji and Papua New Guinea. The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and a large number of developing countries was accompanied by frequent exchange of visits between the Chinese leaders and the leaders of these countries, which greatly boosted the steady growth of relations between China and other third world countries.

In September, 1972, the Chinese and Japanese governments issued a joint statement on establishing diplomatic relations after negotiation. In August, 1978, China and Japan signed the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship which further promoted their relations. The 1970s also witnessed a surge of establishing diplomatic relations between China and the West European countries. From 1970 onwards, China successively entered into diplomatic relations with Italy, Austria, Belgium, Greece, the Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and Ireland. China?s relations with Britain and the Netherlands were respectively upgraded to the ambassadorial level. China entered into formal relations with the European Community in 1975. During this period, relations between China on the one hand and Canada, Australia and New Zealand on the other were also normalized.

By the end of 1979, China had entered into diplomatic relations with 120 countries. China had friends across the five continents and its international standing saw unprecedented growth.

The third wave of establishing diplomatic relations with other countries (2024)

FAQs

What is Sino Third World relations? ›

Sino-Third World relations refers to the general relationship between the two Chinese states across the Taiwan Strait (the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China) and the rest of the Third World, and its history from the Chinese perspective.

What is diplomatic relations with other countries? ›

Encyclopedic entry. Diplomacy is the art and science of maintaining peaceful relationships between nations, groups, or individuals. Often, diplomacy refers to representatives of different groups discussing such issues as conflict, trade, the environment, technology, or maintaining security.

When did the US and China establish diplomatic relations? ›

On the basis of this agreement, the two sides issued the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America on the evening of 16 December 1978.

Which country was the first to establish diplomatic relation with USA? ›

Summary. Portugal was the first neutral nation to establish diplomatic ties with the United States. The two countries have maintained positive relations since 1791 and share strong defense ties. Portugal is a member of the European Union and NATO.

What is Third World political theory? ›

Third Worldism is a political movement that argues for the unity of third-world nations against first-world influence and the principle of non-interference in other countries' domestic affairs.

What is the Third World countries movement? ›

Third-Worldism is a political concept and ideology that emerged in the late 1940s or early 1950s during the Cold War and tried to generate unity among the nations that did not want to take sides between the United States and the Soviet Union.

How are diplomatic relations established between countries? ›

The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.

Why does the United States maintain diplomatic relations with other countries? ›

Regional Stability

The State Department uses diplomacy in all regions of the world to keep local conflicts from becoming wider wars that may harm U.S. interests. The State Department joins with other countries in international organizations to promote stability and economic prosperity.

How many countries have diplomatic relations with us? ›

The United States has the second most diplomatic missions of any country in the world after the People's Republic of China, including 166 of the 193 member countries of the United Nations, as well as observer state Vatican City and non-member countries Kosovo and Taiwan.

When did China and South Korea establish diplomatic relations? ›

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) were formally established on July 1986. Before then, the PRC recognized only the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) while South Korea in turn recognized only the Republic of China (Taiwan).

When did Japan and China establish diplomatic relations? ›

The two sides decided upon the establishment of diplomatic relations as of 29 September 1972 and would exchange ambassadors as speedily as possible.

Why did the United States establish diplomatic relations with China in the 1970's? ›

The escalating war in Vietnam led U.S. officials to look for ways to improve relations with Communist governments in Asia in the hopes that such a policy might lessen future conflict, undermine alliances between Communist countries, diplomatically isolate North Vietnam, and increase U.S. leverage against the Soviet ...

Which country invented diplomacy? ›

Greece. The tradition that ultimately inspired the birth of modern diplomacy in post-Renaissance Europe and that led to the present world system of international relations began in ancient Greece.

Which country did the US establish diplomatic relations with an attempt to counter the military actions of the Japanese? ›

In 1940 and 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt formalized U.S. aid to China. The U.S. Government extended credits to the Chinese Government for the purchase of war supplies, as it slowly began to tighten restrictions on Japan.

When did new diplomacy start? ›

New diplomacy began to be observed in the 1990s amidst easing tensions in the wake of the Cold War and streamlined communication among activists in the burgeoning Internet age.

What is 3 an example of a Third World country? ›

What is an example of a third world country? Under the Cold War definition of a third world country, Venezuela, the Philippines, and Egypt were third world countries. Modern developing countries include Somalia, Honduras, and Nepal.

Why is diplomatic relations important between countries? ›

The purpose of diplomacy is to strengthen the state, nation, or organization it serves in relation to others by advancing the interests in its charge. To this end, diplomatic activity endeavours to maximize a group's advantages without the risk and expense of using force and preferably without causing resentment.

What is the start of diplomatic relations? ›

Diplomatic relations begin with diplomatic recognition. The competence of a State to engage in relations with the other States includes the competence of granting diplomatic recognition.

What is meant by diplomatic relations? ›

DEFINITIONS1. a relationship between two countries in which they send diplomats to work in each other's country. establish/break off diplomatic relations: The United States broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961.

Which four countries does the United States not have diplomatic relations with? ›

The United States has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. This includes all United Nations members and observer states other than Bhutan, Iran, North Korea and Syria, and the UN observer State of Palestine, the last of which the U.S. does not recognize.

What are the three main goals of the United States foreign policy? ›

Security, prosperity, and the creation of a better world are the three most prominent goals of American foreign policy. Security, the protection of America's interests and citizens, is a perennial concern, but America has tried to achieve security in different ways throughout its long history.

What is America's role in world diplomacy? ›

America's diplomats establish and maintain security within and among nations in order to respond to challenges and opportunities. In Estonia, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) provides a secure and peaceful environment that allows Estonia to participate on the world stage.

Who runs all diplomacy for the United States? ›

The U.S. Department of State leads America's foreign policy efforts, advancing our nation's interests and national security abroad. Diplomats represent and further the interests and policies of the United States while serving overseas.

Which country has the most diplomatic relations? ›

China, US and France are the top 3 countries have the highest diplomatic posts/missions abroad, thus establishing big diplomatic footprint around the world. Before we head below, lets understand a bit about embassy and consulates.

Which country has the strongest diplomacy? ›

List of countries by number of diplomatic missions
RankCountryNumber of total posts
-EU States3425
1China275
2United States267
3France264
64 more rows

How many countries has China established diplomatic relations with? ›

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), has full diplomatic relations with 179 out of the other 193 United Nations member states, Cook Islands, Niue and the State of Palestine. China has had the second most diplomatic missions of any state.

Who established diplomatic relations with China? ›

During Jimmy Carter's presidency, the most dramatic moment in Sino-American relations occurred on December 15, 1978, when, following months of secret negotiations, the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) announced that they would recognize one another and establish official diplomatic relations.

Who opened diplomatic relations with China? ›

1796: Macartney Mission to Beijing

The British Minister Plenipotentiary, Lord George Macartney, became the first Western diplomat to journey to Beijing in an effort to establish direct diplomatic relations with the Chinese imperial court.

Why did the US open diplomatic relations with communist China in 1972? ›

In China, from the beginning of the Sino-Soviet split in 1956, there was a perceived necessity for external allies to counterbalance the power of the Soviet Union. The reason for opening up China was for the U.S. to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union.

What increased diplomatic relations between the US and Japan? ›

Normal diplomatic relations were reestablished in 1952, when the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, which had overseen the postwar Allied occupation of Japan since 1945, disbanded. The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States was signed in 1960.

When did India establish diplomatic relations with China? ›

India established diplomatic relations with the PRC on 1 April 1950, the first non-communist/socialist nation in Asia to do so. Pakistan continued to recognize the ROC until 1951. The relationship between India and a newly communist China started out on an optimistic note.

How did the U.S. re establish diplomatic relations with China? ›

The US blocked the PRC's membership in the United Nations until President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China marked an unexpected reversal of positions. On January 1, 1979, the US established diplomatic relations with the PRC and recognized it as the sole legitimate government of China.

Why the relationship between the USSR and China changed in the 1970s? ›

The Sino-Soviet split arose from the ideological clash between Soviet first secretary Khrushchev's policies of De-Stalinisation and peaceful coexistence and Mao Zedong's bellicose and Stalinist policies.

Who did the U.S. re establish diplomatic relations with in 1974? ›

Syria severed diplomatic relations with the United States in 1967 in the wake of the Arab-Israeli War. Relations were reestablished in 1974.

What are the 3 types of diplomacy? ›

There are many types of diplomacy, some of which are mentioned below: Public Diplomacy. Economic Diplomacy. Cultural Diplomacy.

Who are the fathers of diplomacy? ›

The First American Diplomats

Benjamin Franklin is one of those Founding Fathers. He is also recognized as our nation's first official diplomat. Even before the United States declared independence from Great Britain, Franklin served as a colonial representative for Pennsylvania in the King's court for 15 years.

During which period of time was diplomacy most effective? ›

1814 — 1815

The period between the Congress of Vienna and the First World War is often described as a golden age of diplomacy, which managed to secure one of the most peaceful periods in recent history.

Why did the US break off diplomatic relations with Germany? ›

US President Woodrow Wilson

Germany's submarines started sinking unarmed American ships without warning during WWI. As a result, the tension between the US and Germany was high. The sinking of these ships pushed the US President to break all diplomatic relations with Germany on April 7th, 1917.

When and why did the US break off diplomatic relations with Germany? ›

This changed abruptly on May 7, 1915, when a German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania with 1,198 people aboard, among them over 100 Americans. When Germany announced on January 31, 1917 a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, the United States cut diplomatic ties with Germany.

Why did the United States break diplomatic relations with Germany in 1917? ›

Wilson cited Germany's violation of its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and its attempts to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States, as his reasons for declaring war.

What are the evolutionary stages of diplomacy? ›

The development or evolution of diplomacy can be discerned through two main periods: diplomacy in antiquity or what is also referred to as diplomacy during the age of absolutism, and diplomacy in enlightenment or what can be referred to as diplomacy during the age of democracy.

What is the origin and evolution of diplomacy? ›

Origins of diplomacy

The earliest diplomats were a response to a felt need for a mechanism to convey messages between societies safely and reliably. It is instructive to note that right from the beginning, diplomacy, even in its crudest forms, evolved in response to political needs reciprocally felt.

What does sino mean in relation to China? ›

Sino as a prefix generally refers to: China. Greater China. Chinese people. Two Chinas.

What is Sino Korean relations? ›

Sino-Korean relations or Relations between Korea and China mainly refers to: Bilateral relations between China (the People's Republic of China) and South Korea (the Republic of Korea), whose official diplomatic relation has been established since 1992.

What are sino African relations? ›

Sino-African relations or Afro-Chinese relations are the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connections China and the African continent.

What is the sino Russian relationship? ›

Although they have no formal alliance, the two countries do have an informal agreement to coordinate diplomatic and economic moves, and build up an alliance against the United States.

What does sino mean in the US? ›

Sino- in American English

combining form. a combining form meaning “Chinese”

What is an example for sino? ›

We use sino, on the other hand, is used generally in negative sentences in which the second phrase negates or corrects the first. The equivalent in English would be "but rather" or "but on the contrary". Hoy no voy a estudiar biología, sino matemáticas. (Today I'm not going to study biology, but rather math.)

Why is Japan referred to as sino? ›

"Sino-Japanese" is also used to refer to that which occurs between China and Japan, such as: The First Sino-Japanese War between 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea. The Second Sino-Japanese War between 1937 (some say the true start date is 1931) and 1945, from 1941 on as part of World War II.

What is the relationship between Chinese Japanese and Korean? ›

Because Japanese and Korean have Chinese roots, there's a lot of similar vocabulary between these three languages. Linguists believe that around 60% of Korean words and 50% of Japanese words come from Chinese. So if you know one of these languages, it gives you a massive head-start when learning the others.

How are South Korea and China relations? ›

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) were formally established on July 1986. Before then, the PRC recognized only the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) while South Korea in turn recognized only the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Are Koreans closely related to Chinese? ›

Both analyses demonstrated genetic evidence of the origin of Koreans from the central Asian Mongolians. Further, the Koreans are more closely related to the Japanese and quite distant from the Chinese.

What are the Chinese relations with Nigeria? ›

China is the leading contributor to Nigeria's infrastructure development. More than 20 Chinese companies are participating in the construction of major projects concerning the economy and people's livelihood in Nigeria, comprising of railways, roads, electricity, ICT and oil refineries.

What is the relationship between Sino and France? ›

Today, Sino-French relations are primarily economic. Bilateral trade reached new high levels in 2000. Cultural ties between the two countries are less well represented, though France is making an effort to improve this disparity.

What is the relationship between China and Kenya? ›

China was among the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kenya. Chinese President Xi Jinping and Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta jointly upgraded the bilateral relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership in 2017.

Is China an ally of the US? ›

They have close economic ties and are significantly intertwined, yet they also have a hegemonic great power rivalry throughout the Asia-Pacific and beyond.

Are China and Japan allies? ›

Bilateral Relations:

There are various concerns between Japan and China, as they are neighboring countries. At the same time, the relationship with China is one of Japan's most important bilateral relationships, and the two countries have close economic relations, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges.

Why is China helping Russia? ›

China has become an increasingly important trading partner for Russia as it seeks to soften the impact of economic sanctions imposed by some countries in response to its invasion.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Nathanial Hackett

Last Updated:

Views: 5824

Rating: 4.1 / 5 (72 voted)

Reviews: 95% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Nathanial Hackett

Birthday: 1997-10-09

Address: Apt. 935 264 Abshire Canyon, South Nerissachester, NM 01800

Phone: +9752624861224

Job: Forward Technology Assistant

Hobby: Listening to music, Shopping, Vacation, Baton twirling, Flower arranging, Blacksmithing, Do it yourself

Introduction: My name is Nathanial Hackett, I am a lovely, curious, smiling, lively, thoughtful, courageous, lively person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.