What Is an S&P 500 Index Fund?
An S&P 500 index fund is a mutual fund or ETF that passively tracks the performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 index, a stock index consisting of the largest 500 publicly listed U.S. companies, as measured by market capitalization. The is widely considered to be the primary benchmark for stock market performance.
Index Funds vs. Index ETFs
The primary difference between ETFs and mutual funds is that ETFs can be bought and sold intra-day like stocks while mutual funds are bought or sold at market close.
Benefits of Investing in the S&P 500
The S&P 500 is synonymous with "the market" because its performance over time represents the average return of the stock market.
Benefits of investing in the S&P 500 index include:
- Diversification: Mutual funds and ETFs that passively track the index expose investors to 500 of the largest U.S. stocks, as measured by market capitalization.
- Long-term performance: S&P 500 index funds have historically outperformed the majority of actively-managed mutual funds (after expenses) over long-term periods, such as 10 years or more.
- Low cost: Because they are passively managed, S&P 500 index funds are inexpensive. The expense ratio on many index funds is often lower than 0.10% or less than $10 for every $10,000 invested.
Top 10 S&P 500 Holdings
The top 10 S&P 500 holdings, as of March 31, 2022, are:
- Apple Inc (AAPL)
- Microsoft Corp (MSFT)
- Amazon.com Inc (AMZN)
- Tesla, Inc (TSLA)
- Alphabet Inc A (GOOGL)
- Alphabet Inc C (GOOG)
- Nvidia Corp (NVDA)
- Berkshire Hathaway B (BRK.B)
- Meta Platforms Inc A (FB)
- United Health Group (UNH)
Note: The top holdings in the S&P 500 change periodically, as Standard & Poor's tracks changes in its constituents' market capitalization. The top 10 S&P 500 constituents represent nearly 30% of the index and the technology sector represents over 25% of the index. Investors should remain aware that, when investing in the S&P 500, their portfolio will have heavier exposure to these areas of the market.
Evaluating S&P 500 Index Funds
The best-performing S&P 500 index funds are commonly evaluated by a combination of performance and expenses, which are correlating factors. For example, since mutual funds and ETFs that track the S&P 500 have identical holdings, returns are generally highest for the funds that have the lowest expense ratios.
The criteria we used for choosing the top S&P 500 Index funds are:
- Performance: 1-year performance (net asset value, or NAV) through March 31, 2022, is the primary selection criteria for evaluating the performance of our featured S&P 500 funds. However, investors are wise to do further review of longer periods, such as 3-, 5-, and 10-year returns, before choosing a mutual fund or ETF for their portfolio.
- Expenses: Low expenses, as measured by the fund's expense ratio, are an important measurement for S&P 500 index funds. This is because, when investments track the same or similar index, the one with the lowest expense ratio will generally have superior performance, especially over the long term.
- Objective: Only funds that passively track the S&P 500, and are available to retail investors, were considered for this list. Alternative objectives and strategies, such as inverse ETFs and leveraged ETFs, were ignored.
- Minimum initial investment: Some institutional class funds have high minimums, such as $100,000, just to get started investing. These funds were not considered for our list of best S&P 500 index funds because they are not generally accessible to retail investors.
- Portfolio holdings: S&P 500 index ETFs and mutual funds hold the constituents of the S&P 500.
- Quant Ratings and Factor Grades: Seeking Alpha's Quant Ratings and Factor Grades can be used for evaluating stocks or ETFs. In this article, we share what are called, "Factor Grades," which provide letter grades for five "factors" - Momentum, Expenses, Dividends, Risk, and Asset Flows. To do this, Seeking Alpha compares the relevant metrics for the factor to the same metrics for the other ETFs in its asset class. The factor grades range from a high of A+ to a low of F.
5 Best S&P 500 Index Funds By Market Performance
Fund Name 1-Year Performance Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund (SWPPX) 15.62% iShares Core S&P 500 (IVV) 15.61% SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF (SPLG) 15.59% Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) 15.59% SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) 15.52%
To make our list of best S&P 500 index funds, we rank by the top performance for 1-year returns, through March 31, 2022. Investors should keep in mind that past performance is no guarantee of future results and that S&P 500 index funds can see significant fluctuations in price like other equity-based funds.
1. Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund (SWPPX)
- As of date: March 31, 2022
- 1-year performance: 15.62%
- Expense Ratio: 0.02%, or $2 annually for every $10,000 invested
- TTM Yield: 1.30%
Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund is a mutual fund that passively tracks the performance of the S&P 500 index. SWPPX has the lowest expenses of any S&P 500 index fund available to retail investors. This is remarkable in that ETFs generally lower expenses than mutual funds. Low expenses are the primary reason for its outperformance.
Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund Performance
1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund 15.62% 18.90% 15.56% 14.57% S&P 500 Index 15.65% 18.92% 15.99% 14.64%
The Schwab S&P 500 Index fund tightly tracks the S&P 500 index, which can be expected of a low-cost fund that seeks to replicate the holdings and performance of the index.
Here is where a $10,000 investment in SWPPX, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years ago, would be as of March 31, 2022:
- 1 year ago: $11,562
- 3 years ago: $16,809
- 5 years ago: $20,608
- 10 years ago: $38,968
Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund Structure & Objective
- Inception Date: 05/19/1997
- Sponsor: Schwab Funds
- Ticker: SWPPX
- Structure: Open-end fund
- Objective: Track the performance of the S&P 500 index.
Note: Mutual funds are not covered by quant ratings.
2. iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV)
- As of date: March 31, 2022
- 1-year performance: 15.61%
- Expense Ratio: 0.03%, or $3 annually for every $10,000 invested
- SEC Yield: 1.31%
- Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 7.7M
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF is an exchange-traded fund that passively tracks the performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 index. IVV is one of the cheapest S&P 500 index funds available to retail investors and is the second largest S&P 500 index ETF, as measured by assets under management.
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF Performance
1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year iShares Core S&P 500 ETF 15.61% 18.89% 15.95% 14.59% S&P 500 Index 15.65% 18.92% 15.99% 14.64%
The iShares S&P 500 fund tightly tracks the S&P 500 index, which can be expected of a low-cost fund that seeks to replicate the holdings and performance of the index.
Here is where a $10,000 investment in IVV, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years ago, would be as of March 31, 2022:
- 1 year ago: $11,561
- 3 years ago: $16,805
- 5 years ago: $20,958
- 10 years ago: $39,036
iShares Core S&P 500 Index ETF Structure & Objective
- Inception Date: 05/15/2000
- Sponsor: Blackrock Fund Advisors
- Primary Exchange: NYSE Arca
- Ticker: IVV
- Structure: Open-end investment company
- Objective: Track the performance of the S&P 500 index.
IVV Quant Rating Grades
Momentum Expenses Dividends Risk Asset Flows B A+ A- A+ A+
3. SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF (SPLG)
- As of date: March 31, 2022
- 1-year performance: 15.59%
- Expense Ratio: 0.03%, or $3 annually for every $10,000 invested
- SEC Yield: 1.29%
- Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 5.4M
SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF is an exchange-traded fund that passively tracks the performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Compared to its SPDR SPY counterpart, SPLG has lower expenses and is structured as an open-end investment company, whereas SPY is a unit investment trust.
SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF Performance
1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF 15.59% 18.88% 15.99% 14.53% S&P 500 Index 15.65% 18.92% 15.99% 14.64%
The SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF tightly tracks the S&P 500 index, which can be expected of a low-cost fund that seeks to replicate the holdings and performance of the index.
Here is where a $10,000 investment in SPLG, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years ago, would be as of March 31, 2022:
- 1 year ago: $11,559
- 3 years ago: $16,801
- 5 years ago: $20,994
- 10 years ago: $38,832
SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF Structure & Objective
- Inception Date: 11/08/2005
- Sponsor: SSGA Funds Management Inc
- Primary Exchange: NYSE Arca
- Ticker: SPLG
- Structure: Open-end investment company
- Objective: Track the performance of the S&P 500 index.
SPLG Quant Rating Grades
Momentum Expenses Dividends Risk Asset Flows B A+ B A+ A
4. Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO)
- As of date: March 31, 2022
- 1-year performance: 15.62%
- Expense Ratio: 0.03%, or $3 annually for every $10,000 invested
- SEC Yield: 1.31%
- Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 7.5M
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF is an exchange-traded fund that passively tracks the performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 index. VOO is one of the cheapest S&P 500 index funds available to retail investors and is the third largest S&P 500 index ETF, as measured by assets under management.
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF Performance
1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 15.59% 18.88% 15.98% 14.61% S&P 500 Index 15.65% 18.92% 15.99% 14.64%
The Vanguard S&P 500 Index ETF tightly tracks the S&P 500 index, which can be expected of a low-cost fund that seeks to replicate the holdings and performance of the index.
Here is where a $10,000 investment in VOO, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years ago, would be as of March 31, 2022:
- 1 year ago: $11,590
- 3 years ago: $16,801
- 5 years ago: $20,985
- 10 years ago: $39,104
Vanguard S&P 500 Index ETF Structure & Objective
- Inception Date: 09/07/2010
- Sponsor: Schwab Funds
- Primary Exchange: NYSE Arca
- Ticker: VOO
- Structure: Open-end fund
- Objective: Track the performance of the S&P 500 index.
VOO Quant Rating Grades
Momentum Expenses Dividends Risk Asset Flows B A+ A A+ A
5. SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY)
- As of date: March 31, 2022
- 1-year performance: 15.62%
- Expense Ratio: 0.0945%, or $9.45 annually for every $10,000 invested
- SEC Yield: 1.23%
- Three-Month Average Daily Volume: 105.1M
SPDR S&P 500 ETF is an exchange-traded fund that passively tracks the performance of the S&P 500 index. SPY is the oldest, largest, and most heavily traded S&P 500 ETF on the market. SPY's large size and trading volume are contributing factors in making SPY the most liquid S&P 500 ETF on the market.
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Performance
1-Year 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year SPDR S&P 500 ETF 15.52% 18.76% 15.83% 14.49% S&P 500 Index 15.65% 18.92% 15.99% 14.64%
The SPDR S&P 500 ETF tightly tracks the S&P 500 index, which can be expected of a low-cost fund that seeks to replicate the holdings and performance of the index.
Here is where a $10,000 investment in SPY, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years ago, would be as of March 31, 2022:
- 1 year ago: $11,552
- 3 years ago: $16,750
- 5 years ago: $20,850
- 10 years ago: $38,697
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Fund Structure & Objective
- Inception Date: 01/22/1993
- Sponsor: PDR Services, LLC
- Primary Exchange: NYSE Arca
- Ticker: SPY
- Structure: Open-end investment company
- Objective: Track the performance of the S&P 500 index.
SPY Quant Rating Grades
Momentum Expenses Dividends Risk Asset Flows B A A- B- A+
Bottom Line
The best S&P 500 index funds, as measured by performance, are generally those with the lowest expense ratios. Since these funds all track the same index, and thus have the same holdings, lower costs generally translate to higher net returns to the investor. Although S&P 500 funds are diversified, they can still carry market risk.
This article was written by
Kent Thune
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Kent Thune, CFP®, is a fiduciary investment advisor specializing in tactical asset allocation and portfolio management with a focus on ETFs and sector investing. Mr. Thune has 25 years of wealth management experience and has navigated clients through four bear markets and some of the most challenging economic environments in history. As a writer, Kent's articles have been seen on multiple investing and finance websites, including Seeking Alpha, Kiplinger, MarketWatch, The Motley Fool, Yahoo Finance, and The Balance. Mr. Thune'sregistered investment advisory firmis headquartered in Hilton Head Island, SC where he serves clients all around the United States. When not writing or advising clients, Kent spends time with his wife and two sons, plays guitar, or works on his philosophy book that he plans to publish in 2024.
Analyst’s Disclosure: I/we have no stock, option or similar derivative position in any of the companies mentioned, and no plans to initiate any such positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
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