Moving to Strike Fees in a California Quiet Title Action (2024)

Issue: Can a defendant in a quiet title action in California properly move to strike a claim for attorney’s fees in a complaint before discovery?

Conclusion: Yes, a defendant in a quiet title action in California can move to strike a claim for attorney’s fees in a complaint before discovery if the claim is irrelevant, false, or an improper matter in any of the pleadings.

Rules and Application:

In the absence of some special agreement, statutory provision, or exceptional circ*mstances, attorney’s fees are to be paid by the party employing the attorney. Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 1021 (2019) [1]; Prentice v. N. Am. Title Guar. Corp., 59 Cal. 2d 618, 620, 30 Cal. Rptr. 821, 823, 381 P.2d 645, 647 (1963); Reid v. Valley Rests., Inc., 48 Cal. 2d 606, 610, 311 P.2d 473, 475 (1957).

Relevant portions of Cal. Civ. Proc. Code (“CCP”) § 435(b) states: “Any party, within the time allowed to respond to a pleading may serve and file a notice of motion to strike the whole or any part thereof . . . .”

Following the above statute, CCP § 436 states:

The court may, upon a motion made pursuant toSection 435, or at any time in its discretion, and upon terms it deems proper:

(a)Strike out any irrelevant, false, or improper matter inserted in any pleading.

(b)Strike out all or any part of any pleading not drawn or filed in conformity with the laws of this state, a court rule, or an order of the court.

California courts have generally been hesitant to find implied waivers of attorney fees. InFolsomv.Butte County Assn. of Governments, 32 Cal.3d 668, 671 (1982), the Supreme Court concluded that an agreement silent as to fees does not bar a motion pursuant toCCP § 1021.5.Rather, statutory attorney fees are properly awarded “unless expressly orby necessary implicationexcluded by the stipulation.” (32 Cal.3d at p. 678, italics added.)Absent “affirmative agreement of the parties to the contrary,” the trial court retains jurisdiction after the filing of a compromise agreement to consider a statutory fee motion. (Id. at p. 679; see alsoWashburnv.City of Berkeley (1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 578 (1987)

Federal courts have been similarly loathe to infer fee waivers. InWakefieldv.Mathews,852 F.2d 482, 484 (9th Cir. 1988), the court notedthat,“Waiverofattorneys’ feesshould not be presumed froma silent record.” It then held that while “general releases of all claims and costs” do not waive attorney fees (Ashleyv.Atlantic Richfield Co., 794 F.2d 128, 140 (3d Cir. 1986),El Club Del Barriov.United Community Corporations,735 F.2d 98, 100 (3d Cir. 1984)), an express release which includes “‘costs or expenses of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, fixed or contingent'” does. (Wakefield, supra, at p. 484.)

Additionally, Mabeev.Nurseryland Garden Centers, Inc., 88 Cal.App.3d 420 (1979), states “[Where] attorney fees are incurred in a prior action, or sought in a proceeding as damages — as for example in false imprisonment or malicious prosecution suits — or where recovery is sought in an action by an attorney against his client for an agreed or a reasonable fee, then the claim for attorney fees is part of the damage sought in the principal action.Only in such circ*mstances would the attorney fee be required to be pleaded and proven — as any other item of damages — at trial. No similar procedural and evidentiary base is required where ‘the attorney fee was not the cause of action but an incident to it.'” (Id. at p. 425, citingHuberv.Shedoudy(1919) 180 Cal. 311, 314.)

Following Mabee, California courts have consistently “distinguish[ed] between” attorney’s fees that are sought as “the allowance … to the prevailing party as an incident to the principal cause of action,” and those that are sought as “part of the cause of action.” (Mabee, 88 Cal.App.3d 420, 425, superseded by statute on another ground as stated inSantisas v. Goodin, 17 Cal.4th 602, 629.)When sought by the “prevailing party … as an incident to [the] judgment” (Mabee, at p. 425), attorney’s fees may be “properly awarded [as a form of cost] after entry of a . . . judgment” (Khavarian Enterprises, Inc. v. Commline, Inc.,216 Cal.App.4th 310, 327 (2013)). However, when “fees are part of the relief sought[, they] must be pleaded and proved at trial.” (Id.) As explained by our Supreme Court: “‘[W]here attorney fees are . . . sought in a proceeding as damages . . . , then the claim for attorney fees is part of the damage sought in the principal action. … [I]n such circ*mstances … the attorney fee [would] be required to be pleaded and proven—as any other item of damages—at trial.No similar procedural and evidentiary base is required where “the attorney fee was not the cause of action but an incident to it.”’ (Folsom v. Butte County Assn. of Governments, 32 Cal.3d 668, 678, fn. 16 (1982), quotingMabee, supra, 88 Cal.App.3d at p. 420.)

Here at the MLC, we love to discuss technicalities of attorney’s fees. Give us a call if you want to discuss further.

[1] Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 1021: “Except as attorney’s fees are specifically provided for by statute, the measure and mode of compensation of attorneys and counselors at law is left to the agreement, express or implied, of the parties; butparties to actions or proceedings are entitled to their costs, as hereinafter provided.”

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Moving to Strike Fees in a California Quiet Title Action (2024)

FAQs

What is the answer to a quiet title action in California? ›

An answer in a quiet title action must also be verified, and must describe any claim that the defendant has to the real property, as well as any facts tending to controvert the material allegations of the complaint and new matter constituting a defense. See Cal. Code of Civil Procedure section 761.030.

Are attorneys fees recoverable in quiet title action California? ›

Conclusion: Yes, a defendant in a quiet title action in California can move to strike a claim for attorney's fees in a complaint before discovery if the claim is irrelevant, false, or an improper matter in any of the pleadings.

How much does a quiet title action cost in California? ›

The average cost of a quiet title action is often in excess of $4,500 and takes a minimum of 6-12 months to complete.

What is the burden of proof for quiet title in California? ›

Proof Requirements

A plaintiff seeking to quiet title against a person with legal title to property has the burden of proving title by clear and convincing proof, rather than by the prepon- derance of evidence usually used in civil cases.

How do you become successful in quiet title action? ›

§761.020], a quiet title action must be well-supported. To file a successful quiet title action claim, you will need to provide a detailed description of the property at issue in the title dispute. Beyond that, you also should gather and organize all relevant property records.

What is an example of quiet title action? ›

As an example of a quiet title, there could be a Contractor whose primary job is flipping a house, meaning that Contractor A purchases a home for a low price, makes necessary home improvements, and then turns around and sells the home for a profit.

How much can a lawyer take from a settlement in California? ›

Most California Personal Injury Lawyers set their contingency fees at approximately 33 percent (or a third of the total settlement awarded). However, this percentage can change depending on who you talk to and what your agreements are.

How long can a buyer sue a seller after closing California? ›

The 4-year statute of limitations for breach of contract in California, Code of Civil Procedure § 337 is a primary and critically important statute of limitation for all real estate sales, contracts and transactions, which potentially applies to every real estate transaction in California since all such transactions ...

How much do lawyers charge to settle an estate in California? ›

In California, Probate Attorney fees and Executor commissions are determined by California Probate Code §10800 & 10810 and are based on the gross value of the estate. As of 2023, the statutory attorney and executor probate fees in California are as follows: 4% on the first $100,000. 3% on the next $100,000.

Can you assign quiet title action? ›

A party with a claim of ownership to land can file an action to quiet title, which serves as a sort of lawsuit against anyone and everyone else who has a claim to the land. If the owner prevails in the quiet title action, no further challenges to the title can be brought.

When would a suit to quiet title typically be filed? ›

It is used when there is a dispute over the title for a piece of property; it is designed to “quiet” claims to the property in question and decide who has ownership. You can also file for a quiet title action when there are breaks in the chain of ownership, such as when you purchase property in an estate sale.

Who can claim property based on adverse possession in California? ›

In California, for a person to claim adverse possession, they must demonstrate that they have been in continuous and exclusive possession of the property for at least five years, openly and notoriously, and under a claim of right or with the belief that they have the legal right to possess the property.

What is the difference between a suit to quiet title and a trespass to try title in Texas? ›

Put simply, a trespass to try title claim is a legal procedure for challenging the ownership of property, while an action to quiet title is an equitable remedy for establishing one's right to ownership of real property against other adverse claimants. (3) the claim, although facially valid, is invalid or unenforceable.

What is a quit claim deed in California? ›

A California quitclaim deed form is a special type of deed that transfers real estate without guarantees about the property's title. A person who transfers property by quitclaim deed (the transferor or grantor) does not promise that he or she has clear title or actually owns the property.

What complaints need to be verified in California? ›

Any plaintiff can choose to verify their complaint but most civil cases in California are not verified unless there's a particular statute that requires a cause of action to be verified (this rule applies to unlimited civil cases where the complaint is over $25,000).

What is the process of quiet title? ›

The quiet title process involves four main steps. First, research property ownership and title issues. Second, draft a quiet title complaint or petition. Third, file and serve all quiet title pleadings.

How would you describe the title Keeping Quiet? ›

The title 'Keeping Quiet' has a message in itself of what can happen as a result of keeping quiet. It stresses the importance of introspection, solitude and of stopping our work or any activity for some time. The title throws light on the power of quietness in resolving our personal issues.

What can buyers do to protect themselves from title issues when purchasing property? ›

An owner's title insurance policy is what protects you after you buy the property. It protects you in case any liens or claims are filed or discovered after the property becomes yours. Title insurance is a one-time fee often included with closing costs when you buy your home.

What document shows legal alienation of a property? ›

Voluntary alienation, either as a sale or a gift, must be executed by the use of a deed to transfer title. The deed is a written document that conveys transfer of title in real estate.

Which party at closing requires the property to be free and clear of encumbrances and requires title insurance and hazard insurance? ›

The lender requires the property to be free and clear of encumbrances, and will require title insurance and hazard insurance to protect the lender's investment (the loan).

What is the habendum clause in a deed? ›

Usually, the habendum clause states the property is transferred without restrictions. This means the new owner has absolute ownership of the property upon satisfying their conditions (usually payment in full) and has the right to sell or bequeath the property to an heir and so on.

What is the maximum contingency fee in California? ›

Limits such contingency fee to 20% of the amount recovered by the plaintiff. For specified consumer-protection claims, limits court-ordered attorneys' fee awards to 20% of amount recovered in the lawsuit. Does not restrict fee arrangements for defendants' attorneys.

What is a 3rd of $25000? ›

One-third of twenty-five thousand dollars is $8,333.33.

We can find our answer by dividing $25,000 by 3.

What's the most a lawyer can take from settlement? ›

Nationwide, the average percentage lawyers take from a settlement can range from 25% to 75%. Depending on a number of factors, these percentages change when comparing a car accident settlement, to a disability claim, or a medical malpractice case for example.

Are the sellers of a house liable for repairs after the closing in California? ›

Is the Seller Responsible for Any Repairs After Closing? Sellers aren't liable for the cost of repairs if they weren't aware of the issues before closing. However, a seller can be held responsible if they knew about the problems and didn't disclose them to the buyer.

What is the buyers remorse law in California? ›

Unfortunately, in California, there's no wiggle room for people with buyer's remorse. If you've bought a car in the state, you have no right to have it returned because of a regulation known as the “No Cooling-Off Period” Rule.

How close to closing can a seller back out? ›

During the Attorney Contract Review

An attorney review usually lets both attorneys (yours and the buyer's) either approve or reject the contract or negotiate modifications. During the five days, you can typically back out of the contract, especially if there's a point you and the buyer can't agree on.

How much does the executor of an estate get paid in California? ›

According to the California Probate Code section 10800, the executor receives a percentage of the estate. For example, the executor is entitled to 4% of the first $100,000 of the estate, then 3% of the next $100,000, and 2% of the next $800,000.

How long does it take for an estate to be settled in California? ›

The California probate timeline

California law mandates that probate be completed within one year of an executor or administrator being appointed to their role by the court. Typically it takes 12 to 18 months, though, and large or complex estates can take even longer.

How much does it cost to contest a will in California? ›

The timing, the complexity of the claim and the amount of conflict between you and the other parties involved will all determine the final costs for will contests or probate challenges. However, financial experts estimate that the average will contest will cost between $5,000 and $10,000.

What happens after quiet title? ›

Following the quiet title action, the plaintiff will be in full possession of the property in perpetuity, as will be the plaintiff's heirs, and they will also be protected from any further claims of ownership made against the property by other outside entities.

What does a writ of attachment do? ›

A writ of attachment is commonly used by a plaintiff to secure a contingent lien on a defendant's property in the event that the plaintiff obtains a judgment against the defendant. There are various types of attachments including garnishment, sequestration and replevin.

Which document is used to provide a summary of the title history? ›

What Is an Abstract Of Title? Abstract of title is a record of the title history of a property or other significant asset, including transfers, liens, and legal actions that are connected to the property.

How do I get around adverse possession? ›

Requirements of adverse possession include exclusive use, continuous use and open takeover of the land. You can prevent adverse possession by marking boundary lines and providing written permission of use.

What happens if I pay someone else's property taxes in California? ›

No law prohibits someone from paying the property taxes due on another person's property, after all. But just because you pay back taxes on someone else's property doesn't mean you'll gain any sort of legal interest or ownership right to that property.

What is the statute of limitations on adverse possession in California? ›

In California, adverse possession occurs when a person who wants to claim someone else's land must not only use it for at least five years, but they must also pay property taxes on it.

Is quiet title equitable relief? ›

Quiet Title Actions are Equitable in Nature

These are considered “legal remedies”. However, quiet title actions are “equitable” in nature. (Aguayo v. Amaro, (2013) 213 Cal.

Why would a property owner file a quiet title suit quizlet? ›

Why would a property owner file a quiet title suit? A buyer has signed a contract to purchase a property but is uncertain of the condition of the title.

How long is a quitclaim deed good for in California? ›

A quitclaim deed does not expire because it permanently transfers ownership from one party to another. That being said, the new deed must be filed with the county clerk's office to record the official transfer.

How much does it cost to quit claim a deed in California? ›

Take both the quitclaim deed form and the PCOR to the County Recorder or Clerk's office and ask to file. You must pay a recording fee. The recording fee will vary by county, but you can expect as a range to pay between $6 and $21 for the first page and $3 for any additional page.

What is the difference between a complaint and a verified complaint? ›

When filing a lawsuit in California, the original complaint may be either verified or unverified. If it is verified, the plaintiff makes assertions under the pains and penalties of perjury. A verified complaint also forces the defendant to respond to the lawsuit with a verified answer.

What happens if a defendant does not answer a complaint California? ›

If you do not file a response within 30 days after you were served, the plaintiff can file a form called "Request for Default," which means you have defaulted and can no longer respond to the lawsuit to defend yourself.

What are the elements of the quiet title cause of action? ›

An element of a cause of action for quiet title is “the adverse claims to the title of the plaintiff against which a determination is sought.” (Orcilla v. Big Sur, Inc. (2016) 244 Cal. App.

What are title disputes over real estate interests which are resolved by a quiet title action? ›

Quiet title actions aim to resolve disputes over real estate ownership by removing any “clouds” on the title to real estate. These “clouds” can include items such as liens on the property, title disputes, boundary disputes, claims by previous owners, and other claims of ownership to the property.

Which of these actions would cause a property to become an reo? ›

Properties become REO when owners default and the bank repossesses them and tries to sell them. The lender, which is often a bank, takes ownership of a foreclosed property when it fails to sell at the amount sought to cover the loan. These properties generally come at a steep discount but may require extensive repairs.

Which of the following would be used to clear a defect from the title records? ›

A quitclaim deed is often used to cure a defect (a "cloud on the title") in the recorded history of a real estate title.

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