California’s High Housing Costs Have Created a Million “House Rich” Millionaires (2024)

For years, exorbitant housing costs in California have priced out many prospective homebuyers. At the same time, rapidly rising home prices have led to unprecedented levels of wealth among homeowners, including a growing number who have record amounts of home equity. In 2020, more than 700,000 California households had at least one million dollars in equity in their homes, according to American Community Survey data. With rapid price appreciation between 2020 and 2022, we estimate that approximately 1.2 million California households are now home-equity millionaires.

Who are these house-rich Californians?

  • Most have paid off their mortgages. In 2020, 58% of the state’s equity millionaires owned their homes free and clear. Statewide, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of Californians who have paid off their mortgages, from 1.6 million households in 2000 to 2.4 million in 2020. The share of all owner-occupied homes that have no mortgage increased from 25% to 33% over that same time frame.
  • Most have lived in their homes for a long time. About half have lived in their current home for more than 20 years. Those with no mortgage have stayed put the longest, with about one-third living in their homes for 30 or more years, compared to 11% of those with a mortgage, and 2% of renters. These long tenures are a testament to the important role that long-term homeownership plays in building household wealth.
  • Because so many of them bought their homes decades ago, high-equity homeowners partly reflect the demographics of the state’s past rather than the California of today. The most common age group for high-equity owners is 65–69, compared to 55–59 for other homeowners, and 30–34 for renters.
  • Equity millionaires are more likely to be white or Asian compared to other homeowners or renters. White and Asian homeowners make up the vast majority of high-equity homeowners (87%). In contrast, only 13% of high-equity homeowners are Latino, Black, or Native American. These differences reflect and exacerbate other kinds of inequality in California, including income inequality and educational inequality.
  • On average, high-equity homeowners with no mortgage are more educated and have higher incomes than renters, but they tend to be less educated and have lower incomes than those with a mortgage. This partly reflects the older ages of high-equity homeowners with no mortgage, many of whom are retired and became homeowners many decades ago when college enrollment and completion were less common.
  • High-equity homeowners who own their home outright pay less in property taxes than those with a mortgage, largely because of Proposition 13, which limits increases in property valuations for the purpose of taxation. High-equity owners without a mortgage have an annual median payment of $7,100, compared to over $10,000 for those with a mortgage.
  • The vast majority of California’s high-equity homeowners live in coastal metropolitan counties. Even though homeowners with no mortgage are more likely to live in inland metropolitan and rural areas, where homeownership rates are higher and housing prices are lower, those with the highest equity tend to live in expensive coastal metropolitan areas, especially the Bay Area and coastal Southern California.

Homeownership has been key to wealth creation for generations of Californians. Residents who came of age in the 1950s and 1960s did so in an era of rapid expansion of homeownership. After World War II, new transportation infrastructure coincided with the massive construction of new suburbs with abundant housing, loans became more accessible for many, and housing prices in California were only somewhat higher than in the rest of the nation. Over time, many of those homeowners became California’s equity millionaires. But redlining and discriminatory lending practices during that period kept many people of color from homeownership.

Today, high housing costs limit young adults’ access to this means of wealth creation. In 1960, over half (54%) of 30-to-34-year-olds in California owned a house, compared to about a third today. Finding ways to improve homeownership among young adults is central to housing stability and future housing equity. Certainly one important part of the solution is to build more housing, including affordable housing intended for homeownership. Other approaches seek to help first-time homebuyers. For example, some state leaders have proposed the “The California Dream for All” program, which would help first-time buyers with down payments. PPIC will continue to monitor and report on these and other potential solutions to California’s housing crisis.

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Economy homeowners Housing Population proposition 13 racial disparities renters wealth
California’s High Housing Costs Have Created a Million “House Rich” Millionaires (2024)

FAQs

Are you a millionaire if you buy a million dollar house? ›

Someone is considered a millionaire when their net worth, or their assets minus their liabilities, totals $1 million or more.

How much do you need to make to afford a million dollar home in California? ›

The income required to make the payments each month will vary based on your down payment, interest rate, and other factors, but you're still likely to need an annual salary that's close to $200,000.

How much money do you need to buy a $5 million house? ›

While $840,000 is the bare minimum to afford a $5 million home, most experts recommend having a pretax income closer to $1.2 - $1.5 million to be on the safe side. Owning a five-million-dollar home is a dream for many people.

Why are housing costs so high in California? ›

Housing in California is expensive due to high demand and low supply. With strong demand from millennials and retirees drawn to California's warm climate, the limited supply of housing has driven up property values.

Is $3 million enough to retire at 65? ›

If you retire at age 65 and expect to live to the average life expectancy of 79 years, your three million would need to last for about 14 years. However, if you retire at 55 and expect to live to the average life expectancy, your nest egg would need to last for about 24 years.

Is $3 million enough to retire at 40? ›

Depending on your goals and plans, $3 million can be enough to cover early retirement at 40. However, certain factors will affect whether $3 million is enough. For example, your retirement needs and life expectancy play a big role. Here's how to invest it to cover healthcare, housing and lifestyle.

How are people affording million dollar homes? ›

As a general rule, you'll need an annual household income of at least $225,384 in order to afford a million-dollar home. However, specific salary requirements depend on factors like your interest rate and the size of your down payment.

How much do you have to make to afford a $2.5 million house? ›

To be able to afford a $2 million house, you'll need to earn over $450,000 a year. You'll also need to have enough money to cover the down payment and closing costs for the home.

What annual salary do you need to afford a million dollar home? ›

What annual salary do you need to afford a million-dollar house? Experts suggest you might need an annual income between $100,000 to $225,000, depending on your financial profile, in order to afford a $1 million home.

How rich do you need to be to buy a 3 million dollar house? ›

To afford a $3 million home, you should make at least $700,000 per year to live comfortably.

What salary do you need to buy a 10 million dollar house? ›

With a 20% down payment, you'll need to make a minimum of $1.6 million per year to afford a $10 million home. Jumbo loans tend to have stricter underwriting standards than conforming loans, so you'll need to prove you have the income to afford the payments.

Who can afford a 10 million dollar house? ›

To afford a 10 million dollar home, how much yearly income is required? TLDR - you need to have $2 million in cash for the down payment, and you'd need to be making at least $1.8 million per year in order to service the debt and other associated costs, while still living comfortably.

Are California homes overpriced? ›

Despite headlines about huge numbers of Californians fleeing to other states in search of a cheaper life, home prices remain stubbornly high in California. In San Francisco, for example, the average home price is over $1.2 million, according to Zillow. That's close to four times the average U.S. home value.

Why are people leaving California? ›

Increasingly high costs of living, housing, and transportation coupled with an increase in crime, pollution, and congestion has caused many people to relocate to more affordable cities and states. Businesses have also been on the move out of California.

Is California the most expensive state to live in? ›

Most Expensive States in the US
#StateCost of Living Index
1Hawaii184
2District of Columbia152.2
3Massachusetts149.7
4California137.6
47 more rows

Is 2 million in 401k enough to retire? ›

Yes, for some people, $2 million should be more than enough to retire. For others, $2 million may not even scratch the surface. The answer depends on your personal situation and there are lot of challenges you'll face. As of 2023, it seems the number of obstacles to a successful retirement continues to grow.

How much money do you need to retire with $100000 a year income? ›

This means that if you make $100,000 shortly before retirement, you can start to plan using the ballpark expectation that you'll need about $75,000 a year to live on in retirement. You'll likely need less income in retirement than during your working years because: Most people spend less in retirement.

Can I retire at 65 with 500k? ›

The basic idea is that if you retire with $500,000 in assets, you should be able to withdraw $20,000 per year for 30 years (or longer). However, this rule has been debunked in recent years, and the appropriate withdrawal rate is roughly 2.8%.

At what age can I retire with $1 million dollars? ›

A recent analysis determined that a $1 million retirement nest egg may only last about 20 years depending on what state you live in. Based on this, if you retire at age 65 and live until you turn 84, $1 million will probably be enough retirement savings for you.

Can I retire at 45 with $5 million dollars? ›

The Bottom Line

If you've saved $5 million, you should be able to retire at 45 without any worries as long as you've made a solid plan. With some wise investments and careful budget planning, you can have a long and happy retirement without any worries about running out of cash.

Is $1,000,000 enough to retire at 55? ›

Can I retire at 55 with $1 million? Yes, you can retire at 55 with one million dollars. You will receive a guaranteed annual income of $56,250 immediately and for the rest of your life.

Do most millionaires own their homes? ›

The overwhelming majority of millionaires own real estate, making it by far the most popular alternative asset class. That includes their own home, second homes, investment properties, and fractional ownership of investment properties through partners or programs like Arrived Homes and Roofstock One.

Do millionaires own their homes? ›

With rapid price appreciation between 2020 and 2022, we estimate that approximately 1.2 million California households are now home-equity millionaires. Who are these house-rich Californians? Most have paid off their mortgages. In 2020, 58% of the state's equity millionaires owned their homes free and clear.

What makes a house a McMansion? ›

McMansion is a slang term that describes a large, often opulent or ostentatious, mass-produced house. The name carries a somewhat critical connotation because McMansions lack architectural uniqueness, class, or style.

How much income do you need to buy a $650000 house? ›

Based on the current average for a down payment, and the current U.S. average interest rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage you would need to be earning $126,479 per year before taxes to be able to afford a $650,000 home.

What is the mortgage on a 1 million dollar home? ›

A 30-year, $1,000,000 mortgage with a 4% interest rate costs about $4,774 per month — and you could end up paying over $700,000 in interest over the life of the loan.

How much do you need to make to buy a $900000 house? ›

A $900,000 home, with a 5% interest rate for 30 years and $45,000 (5%) down requires an annual income of $218,403. This estimate is for an individual without other expenses, and your situation may differ.

Can I afford a million dollar home with 200k salary? ›

There are a ton of variables, and these are just loose guidelines. That said, if you make $200,000 a year, it means you can likely afford a home between $400,000 and $500,000.

How much to afford a 500k house? ›

To afford a $500,000 home, a person would typically need to make about $140,000 a year, said Realtor.com economic data analyst Hannah Jones. The principal and interest payments would total $2,791 per month, and with taxes and insurance, that number comes up to $3,508.

How much is a downpayment on a 500k house? ›

For a $500,000 home, a 20% down payment would be $100,000. At a 5.5% rate, the monthly payment for this would be $2,940 (this includes taxes and insurance - scroll down to see how much local taxes can impact your monthly payment and may alter this number for you).

What should your net worth be to buy a million dollar home? ›

To afford a 1 million dollar home, you need a minimum annual income of $200,000 to $225,000. You'll also need to have enough money saved for the down payment and closing costs, which can add up to over 20% of the purchase price. There are a variety of reasons someone might want a million-dollar home in the first place.

How many houses do you need to be a millionaire? ›

To become a real estate millionaire, you may have to own at least ten properties. If this is your goal, you need to accumulate rental properties with a total value of at least a million.

Can an engineer afford a million dollar home? ›

Yes, of course it is. Here, in the United States, most software engineers make over $100k/year. In some companies, making over $100K is the base salary BEFORE bonuses, stock options and other forms of additional compensation are added.

What jobs pay a million a year? ›

The jobs of millionaires
  • Investment banker.
  • Certified public accountant.
  • Entrepreneur.
  • Day trader.
  • Real estate agent.
  • Engineer.
  • Lawyer.
  • Actuary.
Apr 14, 2023

Can I put 10 down on a million dollar home? ›

To qualify for a $1 million mortgage, Americans typically have to make a down payment of at least 20% of the home's price.

Can you make a million dollars in real estate? ›

When you invest in real estate, you could achieve a million-dollar or greater net worth simply because the properties you own and manage have gone up in value over the years. Few of us have the cash on hand to buy the property outright. This is why many put a down payment on a property before repairing it.

Who buys $100 million dollar homes? ›

Billionaire mogul Byron Allen, CEO of Entertainment Studios and perhaps best known for buying The Weather Channel, purchased a Malibu mansion for $100 million, reports the Wall Street Journal.

Who just bought a $100 million dollar house? ›

Billionaire media mogul Byron Allen has paid $100 million for a Malibu estate formerly owned by self-storage billionaire Tammy Hughes Gustavson, according to a person familiar with the situation.

Are people moving out of California? ›

California continued to lose residents in 2022, but the state's population decline is slowing as immigration ramps up again following the COVID-19 pandemic. The state is currently home to about 38.9 million people, down more than 138,400 year-over-year, according to the California Department of Finance.

Why is California so unaffordable? ›

California is so expensive because of its strong economy, high-income tax rates, and limited housing supply which make it difficult for residents to save money. Moreover, the prices of basic necessities such as food, gasoline, and transportation are comparatively steep in California as compared to most other US states.

When did California become so expensive? ›

Between 1970 and 1980, California home prices went from 30 percent above U.S. levels to more than 80 percent higher. This trend has continued. Today, an average California home costs $440,000, about two–and–a–half times the average national home price ($180,000).

What states are most Californians moving to? ›

The most common destinations for California migrants were Texas, Arizona, and Nevada. Texas had the most California transplants from 2020 to 2021: 105,000. Arizona (with 63,000 California transplants) and Nevada (55,000) were next highest.

What is the best state to move to from California? ›

Natural environment: You'd like to live where pollution is low and nature is well-tended. US News & World Report has graded the states on their environmental qualities. The best states were Hawaii, New York and Massachusetts.

What state is everyone moving to? ›

What States Are Americans Moving To? The most popular state people moved to in 2022 was Florida, while the state people most often moved from was California. Texas was the second-most popular state for Americans on the move, while North Carolina came in third.

What's the cheapest state to live in? ›

Take a look at the 10 cheapest states to live in for 2022.
  1. Mississippi. Coming in as the cheapest state to live in in the United States is Mississippi with a cost of living index score of 83.3. ...
  2. Kansas. ...
  3. Alabama. ...
  4. Oklahoma. ...
  5. Georgia. ...
  6. Tennessee. ...
  7. Missouri. ...
  8. Iowa.
Mar 31, 2023

Is California or Florida more expensive to live? ›

For starters, the cost of living is drastically cheaper in Florida. California ranks as the second most expensive place to live in the country so those who move from California will find real estate prices much more affordable in Florida. Not only is Florida more affordable, but there are more jobs to be had.

What is the #1 expensive state? ›

1. Hawaii. Hawaii is truly a paradise, but it is also the most expensive state in America to live in. The cost of living in Hawaii overall is 86% higher than the national average, and the cost of housing in Hawaii is a jaw-dropping 207% above the national average.

What salary do you need to afford a $1 million home? ›

Experts suggest you might need an annual income between $100,000 to $225,000, depending on your financial profile, in order to afford a $1 million home. Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), credit score, down payment and interest rate all factor into what you can afford.

Are you considered rich if you have $1 million dollars? ›

Someone who has $1 million in liquid assets, for instance, is usually considered to be a high net worth (HNW) individual. You might need $5 million to $10 million to qualify as having a very high net worth while it may take $30 million or more to be considered ultra-high net worth.

What percentage of millionaires become millionaires through real estate? ›

90% of all millionaires become so through owning real estate.” This famous quote from Andrew Carnegie, one of the wealthiest entrepreneurs of all time, is just as relevant today as it was more than a century ago.

How much annual income to afford $3 million dollar home? ›

To afford a $3 million home, you should make at least $700,000 per year to live comfortably.

How much income to afford a 2 million dollar home? ›

Assuming you are financing the purchase and put at least 20% down, most lenders will require you to have a salary of at least $450,000 per year to qualify for a $2 million home loan. This could be household income if both you and your spouse are on the loan.

What's considered rich in California? ›

To be financially comfortable in Southern California, you'd need a net worth of $1.3 million. Here's what it takes to be considered wealthy in 2022 by city ans ranked by net worth thresholds: San Francisco: $5.1 million. Southern California (includes Los Angeles and San Diego): $3.9 million.

What percentage of Americans have a net worth of $1000000? ›

Key points. There are 5.3 million millionaires and 770 billionaires living in the United States. Millionaires make up about 2% of the U.S. adult population. While an ultra-high net worth will be out of reach for most, you can amass $1 million by managing money well and investing regularly.

Is being a millionaire based on net worth or cash? ›

A net-worth millionaire is someone who has a net worth of at least $1,000,000. Net worth is a fancy way to say 'what you own minus what you owe. ' If that amount ends up being $1,000,000+, you're a net-worth millionaire."

Do millionaires pay off their house? ›

Most have paid off their mortgages. In 2020, 58% of the state's equity millionaires owned their homes free and clear. Statewide, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of Californians who have paid off their mortgages, from 1.6 million households in 2000 to 2.4 million in 2020.

Why real estate creates 90% of millionaires? ›

Federal tax benefits

Because of the many tax benefits, real estate investors often end up paying less taxes overall even as they are bringing in more income. This is why many millionaires invest in real estate. Not only does it make you money, but it allows you to keep a lot more of the money you make.

Do most millionaires inherit? ›

Dave Ramsey, personal finance expert and founder of Ramsey Solutions, says this myth of primarily inherited riches is “flat wrong.” When Ramsey's National Study of Millionaires asked where the riches came from, they found that a whopping 79% didn't receive any inheritance from parents or other family members.

What age group has the most millionaires? ›

The world's 100 richest individuals earned their first $1 million at age 37, on average. The average millionaire is 57 years old.

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