Want to Retire in Canada? It Costs More Than You Think. (2024)

Canada has a lot going for it as a retirement location: stunning natural beauty; vibrant cities like Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto; a national healthcare system that picks up most costs for expats after three months. And of course there is poutine, the hardy Quebecois dish that will get you through the coldest of nights.

The rub is that retiring in Canada is harder and more expensive than you might guess. Even though the numbers have risen in recent years, fewer than 12,000 Americans moved to Canada in 2021.

If you are thinking about heading to the Great White North for retirement, here are some things to keep in mind:

There’s No Official Retirement Visa in Canada

Instead, there are a variety of different programs to establish residence in the country. The majority of Americans who retire in Canada are either dual citizens or have a Canadian spouse who can bring them in under the family sponsorship program.

If your children or grandchildren are Canadians, there is a special parent and grandparent super visa. It allows eligible parents and grandparents to stay in Canada for up to five years at a stretch, provided you meet specific requirements.

The Business Immigration Program lets entrepreneurs move to Canada to start a new business. You must make minimum investments in your business, which could vary from city to city and province to province. For Toronto, Ontario, for instance, that minimum investment amount is C$600,000. However, an investment of just C$150,000 can get you permanent residency in Prince Edward Island.

That said, a U.S. citizen need not necessarily immigrate to Canada to spend considerable amount of time there, says Cori Carl, author of Moving to Canada: A Complete Guide to Immigrating to Canada Without an Attorney. “Whether visiting Canadafor business or personal reasons, U.S. citizens can stay in Canada for up to six months,” she says.

Canada Isn’t Cheap

From grocery to gasoline and rental accommodation to gadgets, the price tags for most things in Canada will take Americans by surprise, says Tiffany Woodfield, a financial advisor and the co-founder of SWAN Wealth Management, in Kelowna, British Columbia. This is particularly true in the big cities, Toronto ranks among the 100 most expensive cities in the world. Vancouver is nearly as expensive.

“Several [American] clients have confirmed if the exchange rate is ignored, the cost of groceries, hair cut or having their house cleaned is close to double compared with what they paid in the U.S.,” she says. (A Canadian dollar is worth about 75 cents in the U.S.)

It is little surprise that Canadians living in border towns routinely nip across to the U.S. side for cheaper gas, gadgets and groceries.

However, what Americans find most shocking is the steep Canadian real estate prices. “Most of our clients have sticker shock when they see the prices of homes in Canada compared to the U.S., especially in the major city centers in Toronto and Vancouver,” Woodfield notes. The average price for a detached home in Toronto or Vancouver is around $1.4 million in American dollars.

The Canadian Healthcare SystemHas Its Wrinkles

One of the biggest draws for American retirees in Canada is the country’s publicly funded universal healthcare system, which ensures about 70% of Canadian and permanent residents’ medical services are covered. This includes doctor visits, hospital stays, emergency services, surgeries and maternity services. It can cost up to $4,000 annually to cover the other 30%, including dental care.

There is a three-month wait before you are covered by the Canadian system, so you are advised to purchase health insurance during then or continue to use your U.S. insurance or Medicare in that interval.

The bad news: Some medical procedures are tougher to get in Canada. Terry Ritchie, private wealth manager and partner, Cardinal Point Capital Management in Calgary, Alberta, says some of his clients have had to “return to the U.S. for hip, knee surgeries and other procedures that were not readily available” in Canada.

Cross-Border Taxation Can Be Tricky

The U.S. carries out citizen-based taxation. Hence, retirees in Canada may still owe U.S. taxes on their U.S. retirement income, as well as any other Canadian earned income.

They also need to declare their worldwide income to the Canada Revenue Agency (the Canadian version of the IRS) for Canadian income tax purposes.

“Americans still have U.S. tax compliance issues with the IRS that will continue, and in some cases become more complicated, as a resident of Canada,” says Ritchie, a cross-border tax specialist.

The two countries have a treaty that includes provisions to prevent U.S. expats from paying taxes twice on the same income. But it can get complicated, and you will need an accountant familiar with cross-border taxation.

Corrections & Amplifications:Terry Ritchie is private wealth manager and partner forCardinal Point Capital Management.An earlier version of this article incorrectly said he was still working at a previous employer.

Write to editors@barrons.com

Want to Retire in Canada? It Costs More Than You Think. (2024)

FAQs

How much money do you need in Canada to retire comfortably? ›

Many Canadians estimate they need $756,000 to retire. The specific amount depends on your living expenses, government benefits, and personal savings goals.

Is it cost effective to retire to Canada? ›

The pros and cons of retiring to Canada. The cost of living in Canada, from taxes to utilities, from groceries to eating out, is slightly cheaper than in the UK or in the USA on the whole.

Can an American retire in Canada? ›

There's No Official Retirement Visa in Canada

Instead, there are a variety of different programs to establish residence in the country. The majority of Americans who retire in Canada are either dual citizens or have a Canadian spouse who can bring them in under the family sponsorship program.

Is retirement better in Canada or USA? ›

America: An Overview. American and Canadian governments provide many of the same types of services who have reached the age of retirement. However, Canadian retirees have fewer worries than their American counterparts, thanks to a more generous retirement system.

Can I collect Social Security if I move to Canada? ›

If you have Social Security credits in both the United States and Canada, you may be eligible for benefits from one or both countries. If you meet all the basic requirements under one country's system, you will get a regular benefit from that country.

Is it difficult to retire in Canada? ›

It's not impossible to gain permanent resident status in Canada when you reach retirement, but it is challenging. Instead, you may want to consider living in Canada part-time as a visitor.

Is it cheaper to live in Canada rather than the US? ›

Overall, Canada is more affordable than the US, but the US has a higher median income. Comparing the cost of living in both countries is tricky because living costs vary dramatically within each city. It's important to consider the hidden costs and savings of public goods and services when comparing costs of living.

How long can I live in Canada as a US citizen? ›

Most visitors can stay for up to 6 months in Canada. If you're allowed to enter Canada, the border services officer may allow you to stay for less or more than 6 months.

How is US Social Security taxed in Canada? ›

Under the terms of the Canadian/U.S. tax treaty, you do not have to pay Canadian income tax on the entirety of your Social Security payments. Instead, you may claim an exemption on 15 percent of this income.

Can I get healthcare in Canada as a US citizen? ›

Canada provides excellent healthcare services to both residents and non-residents residing in the country. But public healthcare sites only offer essential services to those covered by the local health insurance plan.

Can I live in Canada if I am a US citizen? ›

3) Can I live in Canada as an American citizen? Yes, if you are an American citizen, you may live in Canada. If your stay exceeds 180 days, you will most likely need a visa. You will also need a visa or work permit if you intend to work in Canada.

Can you immigrate to Canada if you are over 60? ›

There is no specific age limit requirement for any Canadian immigration program.

Is it easier to live in Canada than the US? ›

While the USA offers better salary packages, Canada has better healthcare, more maternity leaves and other social benefits. Average work hours for Canada is slightly higher than that of the US. The annual leave structure of both countries is similar.

Where is the best place in the world to retire? ›

Countries Natixis ranked as secure retirement locations are mostly concentrated in Europe but also include New Zealand and Australia. The top three countries in the rankings are Norway, Switzerland and Iceland, all of which have life expectancies of 83 years, compared to 77 in the U.S. and the world average of 72.

What country has the best retirement system? ›

The beautiful Nordic state of Finland is the best spot for pensions. With a famously happy population, retirees in Finland can enjoy stunning landscapes and picturesque cities, but also the best global state pension.

Do I have to pay US taxes if I live in Canada? ›

Do I still need to file a U.S. tax return? Yes, if you are a U.S. citizen or a resident alien living outside the United States, your worldwide income is subject to U.S. income tax, regardless of where you live. However, you may qualify for certain foreign earned income exclusions and/or foreign income tax credits.

How long can you live outside the U.S. without losing Social Security? ›

If you leave the U.S., we will stop your benefits the month after the sixth calendar month in a row that you are outside the country. You can make visits to the United States for specific periods of time, depending on how long you've been outside, to continue receiving your benefits.

How do I get the $16728 Social Security bonus? ›

To acquire the full amount, you need to maximize your working life and begin collecting your check until age 70. Another way to maximize your check is by asking for a raise every two or three years. Moving companies throughout your career is another way to prove your worth, and generate more money.

Is $500 000 enough to retire on in Canada? ›

The quick answer is “yes”! With some planning, you can retire at 60 with $500k. Remember, however, that your lifestyle will significantly affect how long your savings will last.

Is $5,000 a month enough to retire in Canada? ›

After running some math, I can conclude that the following, if achieved by most Canadians at or around age 50 is “enough” to spend $5,000 per month in retirement until age 95: x2 TFSAs = $150,000 each. x2 RRSPs = $400,000 each.

What is the best age to retire in Canada? ›

For most people, the best age to retire in Canada is when you're 65 or older because when you turn 65, you can receive all of your benefits from your Canada Pension Plan (CPP).

Are taxes higher in USA or Canada? ›

While the US and Canada have similar income tax rates, the Canadian government has a higher rate than the US. As a result, if you are an American, you may have to pay a higher rate in Canada than in the US.

How much is rent in Canada in US dollars? ›

Rent
Canada Cost of Living vs US - RentCanada (CAD)US (CAD)
Rent for one bedroom (inside city center)1,639.491,692.62
Rent for one bedroom (outside city center)1,391.471,375.63
Rent for three bedrooms (inside city center)2,704.623,028.40
Rent for three bedrooms (outside city center)2,333.512,255.89
May 22, 2023

Is it worth it for an American to move to Canada? ›

The three biggest virtues the Canadian society offers its new immigrants are – an excellent public health care system, high quality of living, and the lowest crime rates. These reasons make Canada your first choice.

Can you be a dual citizen of Canada and US? ›

Dual (or multiple) citizenship or nationality means that you are a citizen of more than one country. Dual or multiple citizenship is legal in Canada. However, it may not be legal in the other country or countries where you hold citizenship.

Can a U.S. citizen stay out of the country for more than 6 months? ›

Absences of more than 365 consecutive days

You must apply for a re-entry permit (Form I-131) before you leave the United States, or your permanent residence status will be considered abandoned. A re-entry permit enables you to be abroad for up to two years.

Can I move to Canada without a job? ›

While having a job offer in Canada can increase your chances of being approved for permanent residency, it can be optional. There are several immigration programs available that don't require a job offer, like Family Sponsorship, the Express Entry program, and the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP).

Will Canada tax my U.S. pension? ›

Any US tax you paid on the pension income (either as a US citizen, green card holder or non-resident) will be available as a foreign tax credit on your Canadian income tax return. As mentioned above the maximum allowable to claim is 15% under the treaty.

Are U.S. Medicare premiums deductible in Canada? ›

Under the Canada-United States tax treaty, you can claim a deduction equal to 15% of the U.S. Social Security benefits, including U.S. Medicare premiums, that you reported as income on line 11500 of your return.

Do U.S. retirees pay taxes in Canada? ›

Taxes: As a US expat in Canada, you'll need to file a US tax return each year and a Canadian tax return if you have Canadian income. However, the US and Canada have a tax treaty to avoid double taxation.

Does Medicare cover me in Canada? ›

In general, Medicare only covers recipients while in the United States. This means that if you have Medicare and you travel to Canada, your healthcare costs will not be covered, even if the services or medications provided would normally be covered in the United States.

What happens if an American gets hurt in Canada? ›

If during your visit to Canada you get sick or injured, the Canadian government won't pay for any hospitalization or emergency medical services for visitors. Also, if you don't have proper medical insurance coverage, you will be liable to pay for any medical service out of your own pocket.

Does US auto insurance work in Canada? ›

Your U.S. car insurance typically does cover you in Canada, but you may want to think about buying extra coverage in case your journey along the Trans-Canada Highway takes a turn for the worse.

How many American live in Canada? ›

US Citizens Living. in Canada. Over one million US citizens live in Canada. Canada's peaceful, liberal culture, coupled with the country's close physical proximity to the US, makes it an appealing home for US citizens.

Can I keep my 401k if I move to Canada? ›

If contributions were made by your employer while you were a resident of US, you will be allowed to make a transfer of a lump-sum payment from your 401k. Specifically, you will be able to transfer a 401k to a rollover IRA (employer permitting) and then transfer the IRA to a Canadian RRSP.

What happens to my IRA if I move to Canada? ›

You don't need to collapse your Roth IRA when moving to Canada. You should not contribute to your Roth IRA once you are a Canadian resident. Remember to file a one-time Treaty Election to the CRA by the filing date. Working with a cross-border financial advisor allows you to keep the Roth IRA.

How much money do you need to immigrate to Canada? ›

Settlement funds needed for successful application

At a federal level, the Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has specified the following minimum fund requirements: Single person – $13,310 CAD. A family of two – $16,570 CAD. A family of three – $20,371 CAD.

At what age do you get free citizenship in Canada? ›

Individuals that are 65 years of age or older are exempt from this process. Be at least 18 years of age or older to apply for Canadian citizenship for themselves or minor children. Meet all Income Tax Act requirements set up through the Canadian government.

How can I immigrate to Canada from the US? ›

Immigration to Canada from the USA as a permanent resident

Applicants will need to become eligible under one of the following federal economic immigration programs: The Federal Skilled Worker Program; The Canadian Experience Class; or. The Federal Skilled Trades Program.

Is Health Care Free in Canada? ›

How is Public Healthcare in Canada Paid For? Public healthcare is free because patients are not required to pay any fees to receive medical attention at a healthcare facility. However, public health care in Canada is funded by a tax paid by Canadian citizens and permanent residents.

Why is food in Canada so expensive? ›

Supply constraints due to unfavourable weather in growing regions and higher input costs like animal feed, energy and packaging materials are said to be to blame.

Is gas cheaper in US or Canada? ›

Gas is always cheaper in the US than Canada, for a variety of reasons, one of which is taxes. Simply enter the town or city you are looking for prices. Note that gas is sold in litres in Canada. One US gallon = 3.79 litres.

Can retired US citizens live in Canada? ›

Rather than immigrating to Canada permanently, the easiest route for retirement-aged people is usually to live in Canada part-time, as a visitor. To immigrate to Canada as a permanent resident, you have to go through an official immigration program.

What is the #1 retirement country? ›

According to various studies, including International Living, Portugal is ranked as the best country for US expats to retire to. Its friendly population, welcoming community of American expats, excellent weather, safety records, and affordable cost of living are all big draws for retirees.

Which country has the best Social Security? ›

The Netherlands, Denmark, and Israel have the best pension systems. The U.S. ranks far from the top. Common challenges pension systems around the world need to address include increasing the average retirement age due to rising life expectancy, encouraging more savings, and limiting access to funds before retirement.

Where does the US rank in retirement? ›

Inflation, market volatility and an aging population make 2022 “one of the worst years to retire.”

Is USA good for retirement? ›

Retirement in the U.S. offers a predictable and familiar lifestyle, and you'll be close to your friends and family. But it can be expensive and lead to a boring routine. Retiring abroad can bring new and exciting experiences, a change of scenery, and a lower cost of living.

Can I retire at 65 with 500k in Canada? ›

The average retirement age in Canada is 65, estimating the $500,000 is to last you 25 years your yearly retirement income would be $20,000.

How much money does the average Canadian retire with? ›

How much money does the average Canadian retire with? The average amount held in a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) was $144,613 in 2022, according to BMO.

Can you retire on $350000 in Canada? ›

However, the amount generated by doing so on a smaller asset base won't be enough for families with young children or retirees in major cities. For the average, retirement-age, prudent Canadian investor, $350,000 may be just enough to live on. However, much more would be needed for a comfortable retirement.

Is $300 000 enough to retire on in Canada? ›

In most cases $300,000 is simply not enough money on which to retire early. If you retire at age 60, you will have to live on your $15,000 drawdown and nothing more. This is close to the $12,760 poverty line for an individual and translates into a monthly income of about $1,250 per month.

What percentage of retirees have a million dollars? ›

What Percentage of Retirees Have a Million Dollars? It is estimated that 10 percent of retirees have a million dollars, according to SmartAsset.

What is the average 401k balance for a 65 year old? ›

Average and median 401(k) balance by age
AgeAverage Account BalanceMedian Account Balance
35-44$97,020$36,117
45-54$179,200$61,530
55-64$256,244$89,716
65+$279,997$87,725
2 more rows
Jan 20, 2023

What is considered wealthy in Canada? ›

Individuals with a net worth of $1 million or higher is considered high in Canada. Net worth is calculated as total assets less liabilities, like mortgages and other debt.

Can you retire in Canada with $1000000? ›

Here's some good news: Most people may not need to hit the $1 million mark in savings to retire comfortably. But it depends on many factors, financial experts say. According to a recent BMO survey, Canadians think they need a staggering $1.7 million in savings to retire, a 20 per cent jump from 2020.

What is considered upper class in Canada? ›

How are income classes defined in Canada?
ClassMinimum income levelMaximum income level
Lower$0$53,413
Middle$53,413$106,827
Upper middle$106,827$236,000
Upper$236,000
Feb 22, 2023

How much do most people retire with? ›

The Federal Reserve's most recent data reveals that the average American has $65,000 in retirement savings. By their retirement age, the average is estimated to be $255,200.

How much does the average retired person live on per month? ›

People ages 65 and older had an average income of $55,335 in 2021. Average annual expenses for people ages 65 and older totaled $52,141 in 2021. 48% of retirees surveyed reported spending less than $2,000 a month in 2022. 1 in 3 retirees reported spending between $2,000 and $3,999 per month.

Is $2 million enough to retire in Canada? ›

High net worth Canadians say they require, on average, $2.3 million to be able to live out their ideal retirement lifestyle, according to a study by BMO Harris Private Banking.

Can I retire at 60 with 500k in Canada? ›

The quick answer is “yes”! With some planning, you can retire at 60 with $500k. Remember, however, that your lifestyle will significantly affect how long your savings will last.

What percentage of Canada makes over 500k? ›

Overall, the 1% here in Canada are an exclusive group.

Earning over $500,000 in a single year is not an easy task. In fact, you'd have to earn $1369 each day of the year. There are some low-income Canadians who struggle to make this every two weeks, highlighting the economic inequality in our society today.

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