The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship: Is it Worth It? - Clarity Wealth Development (2024)

Becoming a citizen of another country can be a very appealing prospect. Many countries offer benefits to citizens that are not afforded to noncitizens—voting, free/low-cost healthcare and higher education, etc.—so it’s easy to see why dual citizenship is an attractive option.

But it’s not all benefits. There are some downsides that you may find outweigh the upside. Did you know that in countries like Norway and China, in order to become a citizen, you have to give up citizenship to all other countries?

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Hence, today’s article, where we will discuss the pros and cons of dual citizenship so you can make an informed decision before jumping into the often lengthy, involved process of becoming a legal resident in another country.

Related: Questions to Answer Before Moving Out of the US

The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship

Having a life that spans two countries comes with many perks, but it has its legal and financial complications, a major one of which is estate planning.

Pro: Estate Planning is Easier When You’re a Citizen

Having assets in multiple countries—whether it’s retirement accounts or bank accounts or property—can complicate things considerably and leave you vulnerable to major financial penalties if you don’t approach them correctly.

Not only that, your will (and health care directives and power of attorney) may not even be valid in other countries.

For these reasons, when you’re preparing for life as an expat, one of the most essential members of your financial team will be a good estate planning attorney that’s familiar with international issues and what wills are recognized in which countries. You may want to consider getting an estate planning attorney in both countries to ensure they both have a deep understanding of their respective estate planning laws.

Click here to download our ebook, “The Expat’s Guide to Financial Planning.”

If you and your beneficiaries are all citizens of the US, there should be no problems executing your will. The restrictions start kicking in when gifting assets to a non-citizen, even if that non-citizen happens to be your spouse.

If you are both American citizens, then you can pass an unlimited amount of assets to your spouse without being taxed. This is known as the “marital deduction.” If your spouse is a non-citizen, then the marital deduction does not apply at all.

And it doesn’t stop there. Estate tax kicks in at a much lower threshold when one spouse is a non-citizen than if you are both citizens.

Of course, all of this depends on which country you’re living in. The US has estate and/or gift tax treaties with 16 countries, including Australia.

Related: Maintaining Relationships During an International Move

Con: Dual Citizenship Could Mean Dual Taxation for Americans

When it comes to moving abroad, you want to move deliberately, not hastily. Case in point: dual taxation.

As we said above, dual citizenship is an attractive prospect. You get to move freely between your home country and your new country. You and your children can enjoy full rights in both countries, which could mean anything from the right to vote to free college and health care, depending on where you’re moving.

The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship: Is it Worth It? - Clarity Wealth Development (1)But it’s not without its issues.

Being a full citizen in two countries could mean you are under the tax laws of two countries. While most countries tax based on where you currently reside, the US is one of only two countries in the world (Eritrea being the other) that taxes its citizens globally, no matter where you live. US citizens and permanent residents are required to pay taxes on their income, no matter where they live and work.

Tax treaties have helped limit double taxation in many countries, including Australia. But even with a tax treaty, the IRS still requires you to file a US tax return every year (and no, you can’t give up your US citizenship for tax purposes!).

Pro: Low-cost (Possibly Free) Healthcare and Higher Education

Free healthcare and higher education are not really a thing in the US, but they are offered to citizens of many countries around the world.

By earning citizenship in a country like Canada or the UK or Australia, you have access to very low-cost or even free healthcare.

The average cost of health insurance for an Australian citizen is $2,000 per year. In the US, insurance costs nearly four times that, with an average pricetag of $7,470 per year. In addition, the average hospital stay in the US costs $11,700, as opposed to a little more than $5,000 in Australia.

Click here to download our ebook, “The Expat’s Guide to Financial Planning.”

Con: Becoming a Citizen can be a Long, Expensive Process

After you become a permanent resident in Australia—a process which can cost anywhere from $2,000 to $16,000—citizenship is still four years away.

Of course, you can hire a Migration Agents Registration Authority (at a cost of anywhere from $150 to $6,000, depending on what kind of help you need) to help you walk through the process and potentially help you get through it faster.

As you can see, pursuing citizenship in another country is not as simple as it may sound. By weighing the pros and cons, we hope you are able to make the decision that is right for you.

Want to make sure you fully understand the pros and cons of an international move? Click here to schedule a consultation with Dr. Kim Hall, our Global Financial Planner.

The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship: Is it Worth It? - Clarity Wealth Development (2024)

FAQs

What are the pros and cons of having a dual citizenship? ›

The Bottom Line

Dual citizens can travel freely in both countries, as well as work, do business, own land, and do other activities that may be restricted to foreigners; however, there are also disadvantages, as dual citizens may face extra taxes or even military service.

Is it worth it to have dual citizenship? ›

While dual citizenship gives its holder more freedom in terms of taxes and other obligations, the majority of the benefits of the two statuses overlap. Travel opportunities. A dual citizen can use either of their passports to travel to their desired destination with simplified or no visa requirements.

Why do banks want to know about dual citizenship? ›

Why are banks asking if I have dual citizenship? Banks might want to know if you have a dual nationality for a variety of reasons. Dozens of countries agreed to the Common Reporting Standard in 2014 to help combat tax evasion, money laundering and control the funding of terrorism.

Does dual citizenship work? ›

Yes, the U.S. allows dual citizenship by default. The government does not require naturalized U.S. citizens to give up their citizenship in their country of origin.

Can you collect Social Security with dual citizenship? ›

The United States generally considers a person with dual U.S. and foreign citizenship a U.S. citizen for Social Security purposes. This does not apply if you are a U.S. citizen and a citizen of a country the United States has an international social security agreement with. This excludes Canada and Italy.

Does dual citizenship lower taxes? ›

It excludes some or all of your foreign earned income on your tax return, therefore lowering (or completely eliminating) your U.S. tax obligation. If you qualify, you're able to exclude up to $107,600 of foreign earned income in 2020.

Do not allow dual citizenship? ›

There are many countries that do not recognize dual citizenship. These countries are not confined to certain continents but exist all over the world, such as: Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Botswana, Bhutan, Oman, Malaysia and China.

Are dual citizens US citizens? ›

Having dual citizenship, also known as dual nationality, means being a citizen of the United States and another country at the same time.

What is the difference between dual citizenship and second citizenship? ›

The main difference between dual and second citizenship is the presence or absence of a special agreement between countries. It also defines the rights and obligations of the holder of two passports.

How much does dual citizenship cost? ›

You will need to pay a total of $725 for these two services – $640 for the N-400 form and $85 for the biometric services fee. The whole payment can be made at once through different means, which include money order, cashier's check, or personal check.

What are good reasons for dual citizenship? ›

What Are the Benefits of Dual Citizenship?
  • Visa-Free Travel and Work. ...
  • Access to Social Services. ...
  • Family Sponsorship. ...
  • Having Two Passports. ...
  • Property Ownership. ...
  • Personal Wellbeing. ...
  • Birth. ...
  • Marriage.

What is the idea of dual citizenship? ›

The concept of dual nationality means that a person is a national of two countries at the same time. Each country has its own nationality laws based on its own policy. Persons may have dual nationality by automatic operation of different laws rather than by choice.

Why is bank of America asking if I have dual citizenship? ›

Under a separate law, foreign banks must collect citizenship information from Americans, ostensibly in order to track down potential tax-dodgers. But domestically, they are not required to collect customer citizenship information. In fact, Social Security numbers aren't even required to open an account.

Does dual citizenship expire? ›

Therefore, if there are any modifications in the laws, the citizens get enough time to take the required action to remain the citizens of the country. Hence, dual citizenship never expires.

Can you live in the U.S. and have dual citizenship? ›

Dual citizenship if you are a citizen of another country

If you qualify for dual citizenship, you must first immigrate to the U.S. Then you must become a permanent U.S. resident before being eligible for U.S. citizenship. Learn more about immigrating to the U.S. And find out how to become a permanent resident.

Do I need 2 passports if I have dual citizenship? ›

Most U.S. citizens, including dual nationals, must use a U.S. passport to enter and leave the United States. Dual nationals may also be required by the foreign country to use its passport to enter and leave that country. Use of the foreign passport does not endanger U.S. citizenship.

Can a 65 year old immigrant get Social Security? ›

Can a Green Card Holder Apply for Social Security Benefits? Like anyone, you must have 40 qualifying credits, approximately 10 years, to earn Social Security benefits. 1 Green card holders who pay into the system may qualify for their benefits, just like anyone else.

Why is citizenship an important value? ›

What is Citizenship and Why Does it Matter? Citizenship is important for developing a strong moral code in individuals, but it's also important for creating a safe, supportive society while protecting democracy, according to Young Citizens.

What is the main purpose of citizenship? ›

Being a recognised citizen of a country has many legal benefits, which may include – depending on the country – the rights to vote, to hold public office, to social security, to health services, to public education, to permanent residency, to own land, or to engage in employment, amongst others.

How do I get the $16728 Social Security bonus? ›

To acquire the full amount, you need to maximize your working life and begin collecting your check until age 70. Another way to maximize your check is by asking for a raise every two or three years. Moving companies throughout your career is another way to prove your worth, and generate more money.

Do you lose your Social Security if you give up your citizenship? ›

A common misconception is that a person who renounces US citizenship turns their back on everything they are entitled to from the US. However, that is not necessarily the case. After renouncing, you would still receive all Social Security benefits to which you're currently entitled.

How long can you live outside the U.S. without losing Social Security? ›

If you leave the U.S., we will stop your benefits the month after the sixth calendar month in a row that you are outside the country. You can make visits to the United States for specific periods of time, depending on how long you've been outside, to continue receiving your benefits.

Do you have to pay taxes if you change citizenship? ›

Once you renounce your US citizenship, you will no longer be subject to US taxation. However, you will have to resolve any outstanding income tax debts first, and you may also have to pay the exit tax.

How can a U.S. citizen avoid double taxation? ›

Foreign Tax Credit

Well, if you qualify for the Foreign Tax Credit, the IRS will give you a tax credit equal to at least part of the taxes you paid to a foreign government. In many cases, they will credit you the entire amount you paid in foreign income taxes, removing any possibility of US double taxation.

Does back taxes affect citizenship? ›

Taxes. If USCIS discovers that an applicant owes back taxes to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), his or her application for citizenship will likely be denied.

What is the strongest passport in the world? ›

Japan (193 countries) If you're looking for a country with great travel options, then you can't go wrong with Japan. The Japanese passport is ranked as the most powerful in the world, allow visa-free access to 193 countries.

What country does the US not allow dual citizenship? ›

Yes, some countries don't allow dual citizenship with America. Among them are China, United Arab Emirates, India, Austria, Japan, and some others. If you want to obtain citizenship of these countries, you need to renounce your American passport.

How many passports can you have as a US citizen? ›

There are multiple ways Americans can qualify for a second citizenship, including via marriage, birth, or citizenship by investment, a concept known as Golden Visa. In addition to having two passports from different countries, Americans can also simultaneously hold two U.S. passports.

What is the easiest country to get dual citizenship? ›

Here are five easiest countries to get dual citizenship:
  • Argentina. Argentina is the fastest country to get citizenship. ...
  • Paraguay. You can obtain dual citizenship in Paraguay in just three years. ...
  • Italy. ...
  • Ireland. ...
  • Dominica. ...
  • So, you're planning to move to one of these countries?

When did U.S. allow dual citizenship? ›

Dual nationality

The Supreme Court ruled in Kawakita v. United States, 343 U.S. 717 (1952) that dual nationality is a long-recognized status in the law and that "a person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries and be subject to the responsibilities of both.

Can I travel with 2 passports? ›

Yes, it is advised that dual citizens travel with both passports. You may need your home country passport to enter and leave the country in which you are a permanent resident, but this does not mean that you will use the same passport in the countries you are visiting.

Where can U.S. citizens have dual citizenship? ›

American dual citizenship is possible in certain countries such as Portugal, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Australia, the UK, and Dominica. The list may be subject to change depending on the changes in policy. Among them, Portugal and Spain offer Golden Visa programs.

What are the disadvantages of US citizenship? ›

What Are The Disadvantages Of U.S. citizenship? The main disadvantage is you become liable for U.S. tax on your worldwide income, even if you leave the U.S. Unlike most other countries, U.S. citizens pay tax on their worldwide income, regardless of where they are living.

How many citizenships can you have? ›

How Many Citizenships Can You Have: Bottom Line. The answer is you can have as many as you want, depending on your original citizenship. While some countries allow dual citizenship or many citizenships at the same time, others do not and require you to renounce your previous citizenship.

What is an example of a citizenship? ›

In some countries, citizenship can mean a citizen has the right to vote, the right to hold government offices and the right to collect unemployment insurance payments, to name a few examples. Living in a country does not mean that a person is necessarily a citizen of that country.

What is the easiest way to get dual citizenship? ›

The most common ways to get dual citizenship is through ancestry, marriage, and naturalization. Dual citizenship can also offer additional security in the face of political instability.

What is my nationality if I was born in USA? ›

General Requirements for Acquisition of Citizenship at Birth. A person born in the United States who is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States is a U.S. citizen at birth, to include a child born to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe.

Can a US citizen enter the US without a passport? ›

The American Citizen Services Section wants to remind all U.S. citizens not to travel outside the United States without a valid U.S. passport. While dual citizens may be able to travel abroad with alternative documentation, all U.S. citizens are required to present a U.S. passport to re-enter the United States.

Do banks check citizenship? ›

However, federal law doesn't prohibit banks from opening accounts for non-U.S. citizens, and must only request and confirm their name, date of birth, residential address, and Social Security number. Some banks may request citizenship information as part of efforts to curb international money laundering.

What banks don t ask for citizenship? ›

27 Banks and credit unions that accept alternative forms of ID
  • Bank of America. Bank of America Advantage Savings Account. ...
  • Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo Way2Save® Savings Account. ...
  • Santander Bank. Santander® Bank, N.A. Savings Account. ...
  • Fifth Third Bank. Fifth Third Bank Momentum Savings Account. ...
  • KeyBank. KeyBank Active Saver Account.
Oct 18, 2022

Can US freeze bank accounts? ›

The government can request an account freeze for any unpaid taxes or student loans. Check with your bank or an attorney on how to lift the freeze.

Do dual citizens pay taxes in both countries? ›

Being a dual citizen means that a person is considered a citizen/national of two countries at the same time, and is subject to both country's tax laws. Something to remember is that each country has its own laws dictating who qualifies as a citizen.

Can a dual citizen lose their citizenship? ›

A U.S. citizen may naturalize in a foreign state without any risk to his or her U.S. citizenship. However, persons who acquire a foreign nationality after age 18 by applying for it may relinquish their U.S. nationality if they wish to do so.

Do dual citizens need to carry both passports? ›

Certain countries may also require dual nationals to use its passport to enter and leave that country, so consider bringing both your U.S. passport and any other passports you hold when traveling. Having passports from two countries is possible for U.S. passport holders, in addition to many other countries.

Is it hard to get security clearance with dual citizenship? ›

In the absence of the subject's exercising foreign citizenship, and if subject's current and past actions consistently demonstrated preference for and allegiance to the United States, then dual citizenship would not preclude a security clearance.

Do I lose my Social Security if I move to another country? ›

If an exception does not apply, you must be physically and lawfully present in the United States for a full calendar month to begin receiving benefits. If you leave the U.S., we will stop your benefits the month after the sixth calendar month in a row that you are outside the country.

Do you still get Social Security if you change citizenship? ›

If you qualified for Social Security Payments as a US Citizen, then you will still be eligible to receive benefits even after you renounce your citizenship.

Why does Bank of America ask about dual citizenship? ›

Under a separate law, foreign banks must collect citizenship information from Americans, ostensibly in order to track down potential tax-dodgers. But domestically, they are not required to collect customer citizenship information. In fact, Social Security numbers aren't even required to open an account.

Can a US citizen leave the US on a foreign passport? ›

Most U.S. citizens, including dual nationals, must use a U.S. passport to enter and leave the United States. Dual nationals may also be required by the foreign country to use its passport to enter and leave that country. Use of the foreign passport does not endanger U.S. citizenship.

How long can a U.S. citizen live outside the country? ›

Absences of more than 365 consecutive days

You must apply for a re-entry permit (Form I-131) before you leave the United States, or your permanent residence status will be considered abandoned. A re-entry permit enables you to be abroad for up to two years. Apply for a re-entry permit.

Can you live in the US and have dual citizenship? ›

Dual citizenship if you are a citizen of another country

If you qualify for dual citizenship, you must first immigrate to the U.S. Then you must become a permanent U.S. resident before being eligible for U.S. citizenship. Learn more about immigrating to the U.S. And find out how to become a permanent resident.

What is the new citizenship law? ›

The US Citizenship Act 2023, introduced by Congresswoman Linda Sánchez, creates an earned roadmap to citizenship for all 11 million undocumented immigrants, providing Dreamers, TPS holders, and some farmworkers with an immediate path to citizenship.

Where is dual citizenship not allowed? ›

List of countries that do not allow dual citizenship
AfghanistanIranMaldives
AndorraJapanMarshall Islands
AustriaKazakhstanMauritania
AzerbaijanKiribatiMicronesia
BahrainNorth KoreaMonaco
10 more rows

Where can U.S. citizens travel without a passport? ›

U.S. citizens do not need a passport to travel between the U.S. and these territories:
  • Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
  • Puerto Rico.
  • U.S. Virgin Islands.

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