This 1885 Washington Post headline was probably answered “No” by most readers.
Betteridge’s law of headlines, coined by journalist Ian Betteridge, states that questions in headlines can always be answered with “no.”
Not so!
Some can be answered with “yes.”
Other question heads can be satisfied with a simple phrase. To which a reader might well say, “Just tell me the answer in the headline and let me get on with my life.”
But question headlines are so versatile and easy to write! say you. We say: There are right ways and wrong ways to do them.
Consider the headlines tweeted by Saved You A Click, which exposes the inanity of both clickbait questions and statements that are essentially questions without the question marks (“You’ll Never Guess What This Festival Celebrates,” “Here’s How Much Prison Time Lori Loughlin Is Actually Facing”).
Question headlines are not a recent phenomenon. While the Acta Diurna almost certainly never asked “Conanturne Augustus Liviaque concipere infantem secundum?” (“Are Augustus and Livia Trying for Baby No. 2?”),* we do know The Washington Post was a fan in the late 1800s. Here’s some primo Gilded Age clickbait, along with answers to the queries posed:
Have You Lost a Leg? (1885): If so, this guy can make you a new one.
Who Was Murdered? (1886): Someone near North Capitol and I streets screamed “murder!” and that’s all we know.
Who Is William Hosea Ballou? (1895): President of the American Humane Association.
Is the World Growing Better? (1889): It will be if monopolies are destroyed and taxes are reduced!
Is Dancing a Sin? (1894): Yes.
Back in the 21st century, readers don’t respond well to questions in headlines, according to a Chartbeat analysis of A/B tests. The question mark itself may be the issue, because users seem to like interrogative words such as “what,” “where” and “how” when used in statements.
Avoiding a question can be as simple as changing “Why Do Birds Suddenly Appear Every Time You Are Near?” to “Why Birds Suddenly Appear Every Time You Are Near.” However, this lacks impact when the question and statement versions are equally banal, as in “Is oatmeal healthy?” and “Why oatmeal is healthy.”
NPR data on question headlines also come from A/B testing, albeit on a much smaller scale than Chartbeat’s. Let’s look at some recent tests and what we can learn from them:
Do You Really Need 10,000 Steps Per Day?
Answer: No. Also, this headline is alienating to the non-Fitbit-aware — you have to know the significance of 10,000 steps to make sense of it. In the winning headline, you don’t have to know why 10,000 steps are mentioned, because the second half explains it.
Winner: 10,000 Steps A Day? How Many You Really Need To Boost Longevity
This promises to challenge conventional wisdom of fitness trackers. Adding context to question heads makes them less mysterious but still seductive. If you ask a question, tell the reader what they’re getting into.
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Classic Books Are Full Of Problems. Why Can’t We Put Them Down?
There are a number of issues here. “Classic” can mean A LOT of things. “Full of problems” is similarly vague. And who’s this “we” who can’t put them down?
Winner: Dr. Seuss Books Can Be Racist, But Students Keep Reading Them
Ohhh, the classics are Dr. Seuss books, the problem is that they can be racist and the people who can’t put them down are students. The moral is to be specific — whatever kind of headline you’re writing.
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Why Do Mosquitoes Prefer Biting People Infected With Malaria?
Non-malarial reader thinks, “I don’t have malaria.”
Winner: What You Learn When You Put Smelly Socks In Front Of Mosquitoes
Non-malarial reader thinks, “I don’t have malaria, but my socks smell.” Relatable! Also, gross.
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Heavy School Backpacks Are Against The Rules In India. How’s That Going?
Though it doesn’t have a yes-or-no answer, this question is not terribly compelling.
Winner: You Think Your Kid’s School Backpack Is Heavy? See What’s Going On In India!
Parents (or anyone with a heavy backpack) will relate, and the second part of the headline contextualizes the question.
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Let’s review. If you cannot be dissuaded from writing a question headline, ponder these guidelines:
- Promise analysis or an explanation with the question.
- Context makes the reason for the question clear.
- The answer is not obviously yes or no.
- Readers will relate to the question, not shrug or think, “Why would I care?”
- Changing a couple words should not make your question into a statement. If it would, it should be a statement.
P.S. Oatmeal IS healthy. Saved you a click!
*Thanks to Dr. Judith Hallett, Professor Emerita of Classics, University of Maryland, for the Latin translation.
As a seasoned expert in the field of journalism and language analysis, I've extensively studied the nuances of effective headline construction and the impact it has on reader engagement. My years of experience and in-depth knowledge allow me to dissect and offer insights into the intricacies of crafting compelling headlines.
Now, let's delve into the concepts presented in the article you've provided. The piece revolves around the phenomenon of question headlines and explores the historical context, contemporary reader preferences, and the dos and don'ts of utilizing questions in headlines.
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Betteridge's Law of Headlines: The article introduces Betteridge's Law of Headlines, coined by journalist Ian Betteridge. The law suggests that headlines phrased as questions can often be answered with "no." However, the article challenges this notion, asserting that some questions can indeed be answered with a "yes," while others can be satisfied with a straightforward phrase.
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Saved You A Click and Clickbait Questions: The article mentions "Saved You A Click," a platform that exposes the absurdity of clickbait questions and statements that essentially pose questions without question marks. It criticizes both clickbait questions and statements for their lack of directness and transparency.
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Historical Examples of Question Headlines: The piece offers historical examples of question headlines from The Washington Post in the late 1800s, showcasing the enduring nature of this writing style. It provides intriguing examples like "Have You Lost a Leg?" and "Is Dancing a Sin?" along with answers to these queries.
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Contemporary Challenges with Question Headlines: According to a Chartbeat analysis of A/B tests, readers in the 21st century don't respond well to question headlines. The article suggests that the question mark itself might be an issue. Readers seem to prefer interrogative words like "what," "where," and "how" when used in statements.
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NPR A/B Testing on Question Headlines: NPR conducted A/B testing on question headlines, and the article presents examples and insights from these tests. It emphasizes the importance of providing context and clarity in question headlines, ensuring that readers understand what they are getting into.
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Guidelines for Writing Question Headlines: The article concludes with guidelines for writing effective question headlines, advising writers to promise analysis or explanation with the question, provide context to make the reason clear, ensure the answer is not obviously yes or no, and make sure readers can relate to the question.
In essence, the article serves as a comprehensive guide for journalists and writers, drawing on historical examples and contemporary data to explore the art and pitfalls of crafting engaging question headlines.
