More Americans Own Their Homes, but Black-White Homeownership Rate Gap is Biggest in a Decade, NAR Report Finds (2024)

WASHINGTON (March 2, 2023) – While the U.S. homeownership rate has continually increased during the last decade – to 65.5% in 2021 (from 64.7% in 2011) – the Black homeownership rate has not kept pace with increases of other racial groups. Also, people of color endure significant buying challenges throughout and even after their home purchase, according to a report released today by the National Association of Realtors®.

The 2023 Snapshot of Race and Home Buying in America examines homeownership trends and challenges by race and location to explain the current racial disparities in the housing market. Leveraging NAR’s latest Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers data, the report explores the characteristics of who purchases homes, why they purchase, what they purchase and the financial background of buyers by race.

Homeownership Trends

The report found there were about 9.2 million more homeowners in 2021 than a decade prior, but homeownership rates varied significantly by race. The Black American homeownership rate – 44% – increased less than half of 1 percentage point (43.6% in 2011) and continues to lag well behind Hispanic Americans (50.6%), Asian Americans (62.8%) and White Americans (72.7%). Consequently, the homeownership gap between Black Americans and any other racial group has grown, especially when compared to White households (29%), representing the largest homeownership gap in 10 years (26% in 2011).

Conversely, Asian Americans (5 percentage points) and Hispanic Americans (4 percentage points) experienced the biggest homeownership rate gains over the last decade. The Asian American homeownership rate of 62.8% is an all-time high. White American homeownership grew by nearly 3 percentage points and has been consistently around 70% since 2017.

“Unfortunately, the incredible affordability challenges of the last year have hit minority home buyers more than White buyers,” said Jessica Lautz, NAR deputy chief economist and vice president of research. “Black buyers are more likely to be first-time buyers, who are more sensitive to changes in mortgage interest rates, while White buyers are more likely to have housing equity to rely on as they make a housing trade.”

Racial Inequalities in Housing Affordability

Black homeowners spend more of their income to own their homes than all racial groups, with 30% being cost-burdened – defined as spending more than 30% of their income on housing. That’s followed by Hispanic Americans (28%), Asian Americans (26%) and White Americans (21%).

More than half of Black renter households (54%) spend more than 30% of their income on rent, the most of any racial group. About 30% of Black renters are severely cost-burdened – defined as spending more than 50% of their income on rent – representing nearly 2.5 million households. By contrast, 22% of White renters are severely cost-burdened, representing 5.1 million households.

After comparing the qualifying income to purchase the typical home with the median income of renter households, NAR estimates that while 17% of White renters can afford to buy the median-priced home, only 9% of Black renters can nationwide.

“Even among successful home buyers, Black Americans have lower household incomes, which narrows the available pool of inventory they may be able to afford and makes their journey into homeownership even more difficult in this limited housing inventory environment,” Lautz added.

Racial Disparities in the Mortgage Market

Beyond affordability, Black and Hispanic home buyers also face extra challenges in getting a mortgage. Black Americans have the highest denial rates for purchase and refinance loans. According to Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, 20% of Black and 15% of Hispanic loan applicants were denied mortgages, compared with about 11% of White and 10% of Asian applicants. Further, denial rates for Black Americans are even higher for home improvement loans. Black Americans were denied applications for nearly 17% of loans for a home purchase, 17% of loans for refinancing and 51% of loans for home improvement.

Homebuyer Demographics by Race/Ethnicity

Using data from its latest Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers report, NAR analyzed the characteristics of recent home buyers, their reasons for purchasing, the steps they took in the homebuying process, and the ways buyers financed their home purchase based on race. Among all home buyers, White Americans made up the largest share (88%), followed by Hispanic Americans (8%), Black Americans (3%), Asian Americans (2%) and other (3%).

For down payments, Black Americans drew down 401(k)/pension funds more than any other group (16%), which increased 2 percentage points from last year (14%). Asian Americans received gifts (22%) and loans (7%) from a relative or friend more than all other racial groups.

Hispanic Americans had the largest share of student loan debt (46%), followed by Black Americans (33%), White Americans (17%) and Asian Americans (13%).

Discrimination in Transactions

In addition to being asked about their recent homebuying experience, home buyers were asked if they had experienced or witnessed discrimination during their real estate transaction. Half of Hispanic American home buyers said they experienced steering toward or away from specific neighborhoods, followed by 29% of White, 12% of Black and less than 1% of Asian American home buyers. Forty-six percent of Hispanic American home buyers experienced discrimination by the refusal of a homeowner or agent to show property, followed by 24% of Black, 15% of White and less than 1% of Asian Americans. Thirty-nine percent of Black American home buyers reported discrimination through home appraisal, followed by 17% of Asian, 9% of White and less than 1% of Hispanic Americans.

NAR Advocacy

NAR works to ensure Realtors®are active leaders in the fight to close racial homeownership gaps. NAR co-chairs the steering committee for theBlack Homeownership Collaborative, which has outlined a seven-point plan to create3 million net new black homeowners by 2030. NAR has also enhanced the real estate industry’s efforts to end housing bias. Its“ACT!” fair housing plan, launched in 2019,emphasizes “Accountability, Culture Change and Training” to advance fair housing in the industry. NAR’s interactive training platform,Fairhaven, puts real estate professionals in simulated situations where discrimination in a real estate transaction can occur. Also, the association’s implicit biasvideoand classroom trainingsoffer strategies to help Realtors®provide equal professional service to every customer or client.

To increase the nation’s housing inventory, NAR advocates that all levels of government:support the construction of housing that is affordable to the typical consumer; preserve, expand and create tax incentives to renovate distressed properties and convert unused commercial space to residential units; and encourage and incentivize zoning reform. Expanding new-home construction by an additional 550,000 units a year for 10 years would create 2.8 million new jobs and generate more than $400 billion in economic activity. NAR and the Rosen Consulting Group’sHousing is Critical Infrastructure: Social and Economic Benefits of Building More Housingreport examines the causes of America’s housing shortage and provides a range of actions that can effectively address this long-time problem.

View NAR’s 2023 Snapshot of Race and Home Buying in America at nar.realtor/research-and-statistics/research-reports/a-snapshot-of-race-and-home-buying-in-america.

The National Association of Realtors® is America’s largest trade association, representing more than 1.5 million members involved in all aspects of the residential and commercial real estate industries. The term Realtor® is a registered collective membership mark that identifies a real estate professional who is a member of the National Association of Realtors® and subscribes to its strictCode of Ethics.

# # #

More Americans Own Their Homes, but Black-White Homeownership Rate Gap is Biggest in a Decade, NAR Report Finds (2024)

FAQs

More Americans Own Their Homes, but Black-White Homeownership Rate Gap is Biggest in a Decade, NAR Report Finds? ›

While the U.S. homeownership rate increased to 65.5% in 2021, the rate among Black Americans lags significantly (44%), has only increased 0.4% in the last 10 years and is nearly 29 percentage points less than White Americans (72.7%), representing the largest Black-White homeownership rate gap in a decade.

Is the racial homeownership gap larger now than a decade ago? ›

The homeownership rate for White Americans in 2021 was 72.7%, but the rate for Black Americans was 44%, according to NAR's analysis of the most recent data. The homeownership rate for Asian Americans was 62.8% and for Hispanic Americans, it was 50.6%.

Why is black homeownership so low? ›

Historical discrimination through exclusionary housing policies and practices, plus a dwindling supply of housing and a variety of other factors have limited Black families from purchasing homes at the same rate as their White counterparts.

What is the racial homeownership gap in the US? ›

According to Center tabulations of the American Community Survey, fully 71.7 percent of white households owned their homes in the US in 2015–2019 compared to 47.0 percent of households of color, representing a 24.6 percentage point racial homeownership gap.

Is the gap in homeownership rates widened from 3 to 10 for millennials? ›

For millennials, the gap in homeownership rates between college graduates and high school–graduates has grown significantly compared with previous generations. The difference in the homeownership rate between the two groups increased from 3 to 10 percentage points between 1990 and 2015.

What is the gap in black and white home ownership? ›

While the U.S. homeownership rate increased to 65.5% in 2021, the rate among Black Americans lags significantly (44%), has only increased 0.4% in the last 10 years and is nearly 29 percentage points less than White Americans (72.7%), representing the largest Black-White homeownership rate gap in a decade.

What demographic owns the most homes? ›

Homeowner rates by race and ethnicity

Homeownership statistics by race show that the highest rates of homeownership are held by White households.

What race owns the most homes in America? ›

The homeownership rate for White Americans in 2021 was 72.7%, but the rate for Black Americans was 44%, according to NAR's analysis of the most recent data. The homeownership rate for Asian Americans was 62.8% and for Hispanic Americans it was 50.6%.

Where is Black homeownership highest? ›

Details. In California, 36.2% of Black residents own their homes. That's the 28th best rate among all the states. South Carolina was the top state for Black homeownership at 52.5%, followed by Maryland at 51.7% and Mississippi at 51%.

Are Black houses becoming popular? ›

Popular in Multiple Cultures

Black houses expand across many cultures. In fact, this house color has been popular in Japan for years. Though it is a new trend in the USA, it has been a tried and tested paint color for many other culture types.

What is the homeownership rate by race ethnicity? ›

Homeownership. The benefits from homeownership have not been shared equally. In the second quarter of 2022, the homeownership rate for white households was 75 percent compared to 45 percent for Black households, 48 percent for Hispanic households, and 57 percent for non-Hispanic households of any other race.

What percentage of Americans don't own homes? ›

64% of Americans own real estate. 35% of the American population does not own their own homes. Homeownership rates have increased to nearly 65% in the US since the 1940s.

What percent of Americans own their own home? ›

Top Home Ownership Statistics In America: 65.8% of Americans own a home as of 2022. Some 74 million Americans, or about 27%, live in a condo or HOA property. 58.4 percent of the housing units were owner-occupied.

Why is it harder for millennials to buy a house? ›

Key Takeaways. Millennials are not buying homes as readily as the previous generation. Delaying marriage and having children is keeping many Millennials at home with their parents. Tighter lending criteria can also make homeownership unaffordable or virtually impossible for those without much credit history.

Which generation owns the most houses? ›

Millennials, along with the oldest Gen Zers and youngest Gen Xers, made up the lion's share of home purchasers last year. People aged 25 to 34 bought one in three (33%) of primary homes that sold in the U.S. last year, the highest share of any age group.

What percent of baby boomers are white? ›

Millennials are more racially and ethnically diverse than Baby Boomers, with larger proportions of Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Other racial categories. In 1980, 79% of Baby Boomers were White compared to 57% of Millennials in 2015.

What is the wealth gap for black families? ›

But even with the improvement, the racial wealth gap is still staggering: Black Americans' net worth is 70% below that of non-Black households. “There's been progress directionally, but there's still a huge gap,” Jay Bryson, chief economist at Wells Fargo, said in an interview.

What percentage of white people own their own home? ›

In 2021, the rate of home ownership among white people living in the United States was 74.1 percent.

What is the appraisal gap in black neighborhoods? ›

Using self-reported census valuations, a home in a neighborhood that is 50% Black is valued 23% lower than a home in a neighborhood with no Black residents.

What family owns the most property? ›

The 2022 Land Report 100, compiled each year by The Land Report magazine, released its annual list of landowners who own the most acres in the United States. The nation's largest private landowners are the Emmerson family in California who own over 2.4 million acres.

What race owns the most businesses? ›

As has long been the case, White Americans accounted for a large majority (86%) of firms whose ownership was classifiable by race and ethnicity in 2020. These firms brought in 93% of all revenue from classifiable companies that year.

Do most millionaires own their homes? ›

The overwhelming majority of millionaires own real estate, making it by far the most popular alternative asset class. That includes their own home, second homes, investment properties, and fractional ownership of investment properties through partners or programs like Arrived Homes and Roofstock One.

What race has fatherless homes in US? ›

57.6% of black children, 31.2% of Hispanic children, and 20.7% of white children are living absent their biological fathers.

Which ethnicity has the highest household income? ›

70% of the Indian-American population in America holds a bachelor's degree. Harsh Goenka has explained why Indians are the highest-earning ethnic group in the USA. The chairman of RPG Enterprises shared a chart that shows Indian Americans having the highest median household income in the country.

Who is the wealthiest Black real estate? ›

Table of Content
  • 10 Black Real Estate Moguls That You Need To Know.
  • The American Dream.
  • Ila Corcoran.
  • Anderson Hunt (A.H.) Brown.
  • Biddy Mason.
  • Don Peebles.
  • Ernestine Johnson and Johnetta G. Paye.
  • Kenneth H. Fearn.

What percentage of public housing is Black? ›

Across all public housing, about 45% of residents are black while another third (32%) are white and a little over 20% are Hispanic.

What percentage of Black people are in real estate? ›

Today about 6 percent of real estate agents and brokers in the United States are Black, though 14 percent of Americans are Black.

What are the disadvantages of a black house? ›

A black house may also fade unevenly—if the south side of the house is exposed to constant harsh sun rays, it could fade quicker than other sides, making the exterior look uneven.

Would a black house get hot? ›

The color of your home is directly related to the amount of heat absorption. According to the Department of Energy's (DOE) Cooling Your Home Naturally report, dark, dull colors can absorb 70 to 90 percent of the sun's radiant energy, which can then be transferred into the home.

Does a black house get hotter? ›

Once your home absorbs that energy, it transfers most of it as heat inside via conduction. So, yes, dark paint makes a house warmer while brighter and lighter colors will reflect more energy for less of an impact on the interior temperature.

What gender buys more houses? ›

Single women own roughly 10.7 million homes, compared to 8.1 million for single men, according to a recent analysis from LendingTree that looked at 2021 Census data.

Which race or ethnicity has the highest poverty rate? ›

While the poverty rate for the population as a whole is 11.6% the rate varies greatly by race. Blacks have the highest poverty rate at 19.5% and Non-Hispanic whites have the lowest at 8.1%. The Poverty rate for Blacks and Hispanics is more than double that of non-Hispanic Whites.

What ethnicity is more likely to live in poverty? ›

By race, the highest national poverty rates were for American Indians and Alaska Natives (27.0 percent) and Blacks or African Americans (25.8 percent). Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders had a national poverty rate of 17.6 percent.

Are most American homeowners house poor? ›

Nationwide, about 27.4% of homeowners — or more than a quarter — fall into the “house poor” category, according to the data. “Overall, 21% of cost-burdened homeowners have a household income of less than $75,000,” the report states.

How many Americans are debt free? ›

Fewer than one quarter of American households live debt-free.

Why is it so hard to own a home in America? ›

Not enough homes to buy

For a growing number of people, however, the dream of homeownership remains far out of reach. Inventory is near record lows and the number of sales at the more affordable end of the market is lower than last year because demand is totally outstripping supply.

How much property does the average American own? ›

Often, a bank owns the home they live in — most of it, anyway. Still, Americans have a lot of real money tied up in their homes — on average, $150,506, according to a new report by the Urban Institute called “How Much House Do Americans Really own? Measuring America's Accessible Housing Wealth by Geography and Age.”

What percentage of Americans owned their own home by 1960? ›

During the 1940-1960 period, the homeownership rate rose by over 18 percentage points, from 43.6 to 61.9 percent.

How many houses does the average American own in a lifetime? ›

In fact, the average person will own at least three houses in their lifetime. Living in one place for most of your life may or may not be your goal, but if it is, there are things you must do as a homeowner to ensure your home lasts as long as you'd like it to.

Why can't Gen Z buy a house? ›

Of the Gen Zers surveyed, income was the biggest challenge of buying a home, with 23.3% reporting it as holding them back from homeownership. Among other reasons, 14.6% of Gen Z reported home prices as their biggest challenge and 11.9% reported their current savings amount as a roadblock to buying a home.

Will Gen Z ever be able to afford a house? ›

Gen Z's Future in Real Estate Is Uncertain

Any generation's ability to own a home ultimately comes down to whether they can afford a down payment plus closing costs, qualify for a mortgage and handle the responsibility and costs that come along with owning a home,” said Scott Krinsky, partner at Romer Debbas, LLP.

What age is most likely to buy a house? ›

Half the older adults in our sample (bought their first house when they were between 25 and 34 years old, and 27 percent bought their first home before age 25 (figure 1). But only 37 percent of household heads ages 25 to 34 and 13 percent of those ages 18 to 24 owned a home in 2016.

What is the strongest generation? ›

The Greatest Generation commonly refers to those Americans who were born in the 1900s through the 1920s. The Greatest Generation members all lived through the Great Depression and many of them fought in World War II. These individuals have often been described as driven, patriotic, and team-players.

Why aren t boomers selling homes? ›

Approximately 85 percent of baby boomers surveyed indicated they are not planning to sell their home in the next year. The main reason, according to the survey, is that their current home meets the needs of their family. “Aging in place” is not a foreign concept to the housing market.

Why are the rich selling their homes? ›

Millionaire LA homeowners are going out of their way to dramatically drop the prices of some multi-million dollar listings in a bid to avoid a new 'mansion tax. '

Is a 70 year old a baby boomer? ›

Baby boomers—those born between 1946 and 1964—have brought both challenges and opportunities to the economy, infrastructure, and institutions as they have passed through each major stage of life.

Are Gen Z having less babies? ›

The U.S. birthrate is at its lowest since the 1970s, and that's because more American millennials and Gen Z are deciding not to have kids than previous generations.

How rich is the average Boomer? ›

What is the average net worth of a Baby Boomer? The average net worth of a Baby Boomer in the United States is around $1.2 million.

Is home ownership in the US declining? ›

The decline in homeownership halted between: 2012 and 2016 for householders with less than a high school education (19.9% to 20.8%). 2016 and 2018 for those with a high school degree (30.8% to 31.4%).

Why did inequality of household income increase in the United States in recent decades? ›

These include, in no particular order, technological change, globalization, the decline of unions and the eroding value of the minimum wage. Whatever the causes, the uninterrupted increase in inequality since 1980 has caused concern among members of the public, researchers, policymakers and politicians.

Why is the percent of millennials that own a home lower than it was in previous generations? ›

While those born between 1981 and 1996 are within traditional home-buying ages, factors such as higher education levels, increased rent prices, and more densely packed cities have all contributed to the slower rate of home purchases for this generation.

Which racial group has the lowest rates of homeownership? ›

Homeownership. The benefits from homeownership have not been shared equally. In the second quarter of 2022, the homeownership rate for white households was 75 percent compared to 45 percent for Black households, 48 percent for Hispanic households, and 57 percent for non-Hispanic households of any other race.

Who owns the most houses in the US? ›

John Malone is the largest private landowner in the United States. Malone made his fortune as a media tycoon, building the company Tele-Communications, Inc, or TCI, and acting as its CEO before selling it to AT&T for $50 billion in 1999.

What percentage of Americans never buy a home? ›

64% of Americans own real estate. 35% of the American population does not own their own homes.

What percentage of Americans own a home with no mortgage? ›

Yet no-mortgage owners in California are only 33% of all homeowners – and only four places have a smaller share: D.C. at 24%, Maryland at 28% and Colorado and Utah at 30%.

What is the top 1 income in the world? ›

According to Credit Suisse, individuals with more than $1 million in wealth sit in the top 1 percent bracket. The billionaire class is $2.6 trillion richer than before the pandemic, even if billionaire fortunes slightly fell in 2022 after their record-smashing peak in 2021.

What is the greatest cause of income inequality in the United States today? ›

Immigration – Relatively high levels of immigration of less-skilled workers since 1965 may have reduced wages for American-born high school dropouts. Decline of unions – Unions helped increase wages, benefits and working conditions.

Why millennials are struggling to buy homes? ›

Millennials, aged 27 to 42, make up the biggest group citing affordability as one of the key issues that's preventing them from buying a home. Older millennials, between 34 and 42, were the biggest group that cited the inability to afford the down payment or closing costs as a major reason why they don't own a home.

Why is it so hard to buy a house as a millennial? ›

Key Takeaways. Millennials are not buying homes as readily as the previous generation. Delaying marriage and having children is keeping many Millennials at home with their parents. Tighter lending criteria can also make homeownership unaffordable or virtually impossible for those without much credit history.

Why are baby boomers wealthier than millennials? ›

Their higher net worth is expected: with most baby boomers financially planning for at least a few more decades, they benefit from wealth earned from long careers and have more robust retirement accounts than the silent generation, who have dipped further into retirement savings.

Who is most affected by the housing crisis? ›

Low-Income Households Are Particularly Affected by Unaffordable Housing. Households with the lowest incomes are by far the most likely to have housing costs that are unaffordable.

What is the highest homeownership rate in the US? ›

Home Ownership Rate in the United States averaged 65.26 percent from 1965 until 2023, reaching an all time high of 69.20 percent in the second quarter of 2004 and a record low of 62.90 percent in the second quarter of 1965.

Which generation is the most racially and ethnically diverse population of homebuyers? ›

Gen Xers continue to be the most racially diverse group of buyers in 2021. Twenty-three percent of this group of buyers identified as Hispanic / Latino, Black / African American, or Asian / Pacific Islander.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Pres. Lawanda Wiegand

Last Updated:

Views: 6065

Rating: 4 / 5 (51 voted)

Reviews: 82% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Pres. Lawanda Wiegand

Birthday: 1993-01-10

Address: Suite 391 6963 Ullrich Shore, Bellefort, WI 01350-7893

Phone: +6806610432415

Job: Dynamic Manufacturing Assistant

Hobby: amateur radio, Taekwondo, Wood carving, Parkour, Skateboarding, Running, Rafting

Introduction: My name is Pres. Lawanda Wiegand, I am a inquisitive, helpful, glamorous, cheerful, open, clever, innocent person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.