Innocent Man Fails Polygraph And Is Sent To Prison For Murder
Rochester, NY, May 3, 2010 – In what can only be described as one of the worst failures of the polygraph, a killer passed and an innocent man failed the polygraph during the murder investigation of 74-year-old Viola Manville in 1988. After failing the polygraph administered by the New York State Police, detectives were able to get the innocent man, Frank Sterling, to confess to the murder. Sterling was then convicted of Manville’s murder and sent to prison while her actual killer, Mark Christie, who passed the polygraph, also conducted by the New York State Police, went on to abduct and murder four-year-old Kali Ann Poulton. Christie was convicted of her murder and recently confessed to Manville’s murder. Frank Sterling was released from prison last week. If the polygraph had accurately identified Christie as the killer, little Kali Ann Poulton would still be alive and Frank Sterling would not have spent 22 years in prison for a crime that he did not commit.
This horrific case follows on the heels of the March 23, 2010 case where the murder of five Newark, NJ, teens in 1978 was solved by the recent confession of one of the killers, Lee Anthony Evans. Evans was the main suspect at the time of the initial investigation and took at least one polygraph test, which he passed. With no leads and the main suspect cleared, the case went cold for 32 years.
These two cases are an example of what the critics of the polygraph call a misplaced reliance on the pseudoscience of polygraph. They cite the many cases in which criminals passed the polygraph and were later found to be guilty of the crimes. Cases such as the “Green River Killer.” In that case, Gary Leon Ridgeway, was a suspect in the killing of four women and was given a polygraph, which he passed. Ridgeway was dropped as a suspect and went on to kill another 44 women until he was caught and convicted. The failure of the polygraph cost 44 women their lives.
Another example of the inaccuracy of the polygraph is the “Angel of Death”, Charles Cullen. Cullen worked as a nurse and murdered as many as 40 people by giving them lethal injections. After his first victim died, he was considered a suspect and asked to take a polygraph test. He passed the polygraph, was dropped as a suspect, and went on to kill at least another 39 people until he was caught and convicted. In this case, the failure of the polygraph cost 39 people their lives.
Following many high-level failures of the polygraph at the CIA, many former heads of that agency have recommended that it be limited or discontinued because it is not accurate. The most prominent failure of the polygraph at the CIA was that of Aldrich Ames. While working in a very sensitive position at the CIA, Ames betrayed the U.S. and sold the names of CIA operatives working in the Soviet Union to the KGB. Over the years, even as he betrayed the U.S., Ames took and passed many periodic polygraph examinations. Eleven CIA operatives that were identified by Ames were executed by the KGB. This failure of the polygraph cost 11 CIA operatives their lives.
The critics also cite the many cases in which innocent people fail the polygraph and end up spending many years in prison for crimes that they did not commit. The guilty person is then free to commit additional crimes. One such case was that of Jimmy Williams. Prior to taking a polygraph examination, his attorney was so convinced of his innocence that he stipulated that the results of a polygraph test could be admitted into evidence. Upon learning that Williams had failed the polygraph, they convicted him of rape. Williams spent 10 years in prison for a crime that he did not commit. The accuser, who is now 22-years old, has admitted that the rape never happened.
Among the critics are some very prominent professionals: “Polygraph screening is completely without any theoretical foundation and has absolutely no validity…the diagnostic value of this type of testing is no more than that of astrology or tea-leaf reading.” Dr. Drew Richardson, Former Supervisory Special Agent, FBI Laboratory
“Polygraph testing has been the gold standard, but it’s obviously fool’s gold.” Prof.Stephen Fienberg, Chairman, Committee to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph, National Academy of Sciences
“…the use of this highly flawed instrument (polygraph) should be radically curtailed.” James Woolsey, Former Director of the CIA
“ The CIA’s reliance on the polygraph is truly insane.” John Deutch, Former Director of the CIA
Frank Horvath, former President of the American Polygraph Association and Chief Scientific Office for the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, published research in which polygraphists evaluating charts of examinations had an accuracy rate of less than 60%, about the same as a flip of a coin.
Because of these overwhelming failures of the polygraph that have damaged our national security as well as endangered the safety of our citizens, more than 1,800 law enforcement agencies have switched to the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer, a truth verification system that uses the voice to detect brain stress activity. According to those agencies, the CVSA has proven to be far more reliable and accurate than the polygraph.
For more information, please contact the National Association of Computer Voice Stress Analysts at NACVSA.com, or call 888-358-5025.
As an expert in the field of lie detection and forensic science, it's disheartening to see cases where the polygraph, a tool intended to aid investigations, has failed so egregiously. The article highlights instances where innocent individuals failed polygraph tests, leading to wrongful convictions, while actual perpetrators passed, evading justice.
One crucial aspect to emphasize is the scientific critique of the polygraph. Numerous professionals, including Dr. Drew Richardson, a former Supervisory Special Agent at the FBI Laboratory, Prof. Stephen Fienberg, Chairman of the Committee to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph at the National Academy of Sciences, and Frank Horvath, former President of the American Polygraph Association, have criticized the polygraph's lack of theoretical foundation and its diagnostic validity. Horvath's research, indicating an accuracy rate of less than 60% among polygraphists, underscores the unreliability of this method.
The article cites infamous cases such as the "Green River Killer" and the "Angel of Death," Charles Cullen, where the polygraph failed to identify guilty parties, leading to additional victims. Moreover, the case of Aldrich Ames, a CIA operative who betrayed the U.S. while passing multiple polygraph examinations, resulted in the execution of 11 CIA operatives. These high-profile failures have prompted calls to limit or discontinue the use of polygraphs, especially in sensitive areas like national security.
The critics of polygraph testing argue for a more robust and reliable alternative, leading to the adoption of the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA) by over 1,800 law enforcement agencies. This technology relies on voice analysis to detect brain stress activity, proving to be more reliable and accurate than the polygraph, according to these agencies. The shift to the CVSA is seen as a necessary step to prevent further miscarriages of justice and protect national security.
In conclusion, the failures outlined in the article underscore the limitations and risks associated with relying on polygraph testing in criminal investigations. The testimonials and evidence presented by experts and the adoption of alternative technologies like the CVSA signal a necessary evolution in the field of lie detection to ensure more accurate and just outcomes in legal proceedings.
