Getting Dual Citizenship in the United States and Canada (2024)

Before thinking about citizenship, you must find out whether you qualify to immigrate to either the United States or Canada in the first place.

Under the right circ*mstances, a person is allowed to become a citizen of both Canada and the United States, simultaneously. Many people enjoy the benefits of dual citizenship, allowing them to to travel back and forth freely, vote, and otherwise take advantage of the rights of citizens on both sides of the U.S.-Canada border.

Before thinking about citizenship, however, you must find out whether you qualify to immigrate to either the United States or Canada in the first place. (We're assuming you're already a citizen of one of these countries.) Citizenship is the highest immigration benefit you can obtain in either country, and getting to that point involves many steps, as briefly described here.

Basic Requirements to Become Either a U.S. or Canadian Citizen

Although Canada and the United States share a border and a language and are cooperative in many ways (including allowing easy border crossings), neither country offers citizens of the other country any special rights to permanent immigration.

Their respective immigration laws do have some commonalities, though. For starters, you will need to fit yourself into some highly complex categories of eligibility in order to become a resident of the other country. Only after you've spent some years as a legal resident and demonstrated good moral character (in particular, committed no crimes) can you apply for citizenship in either the United States or Canada.

If, however, one of your parents was born in Canada but you were born in the United States, or vice versa, you might qualify for citizenship in both countries. Check the laws that were in place during the year of your birth. (See, for example, Automatic U.S. Citizenship for Children by Birth to Citizen Parents (Acquisition).)

Immigration Rules for the United States

If you were not born in the United States and don't have parents who are citizens there, you'd need to take several steps to become a citizen. First, you'd need to apply for a green card or "permanent residence," which will allow you to live in the United States on a permanent basis.

The main categories for green cards are based on either having close family members who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents, having been offered a job in the United States in a field in which the employer is unable to find a ready, able, and willing U.S. worker to fill the position, or having $1 million to invest in a U.S. business. (See this green card quiz for the various routes.)

Once you have been a U.S. permanent resident for five years (at least half of which were spent living in the United States) and met various other criteria, you can apply to become a naturalized U.S. citizen.

The U.S. citizenship application process involves attending an interview and taking exams, during which you will need to prove you can speak and understand English and correctly answer a number of questions on U.S. history and government. You'll also need to take an the oath of allegiance to the United States and be willing to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces if called upon to do so. (Remember, the oath does not mean you can't get dual citizenship, and the United States does not currently have a mandatory draft.)

For more information, see the website of the U.S. Embassy in Canada.

Immigration Rules for Canada

If you were not born in Canada, you will need to apply to become a permanent resident there before proceeding to apply for Canadian citizenship. As with the United States, the primary immigration categories have to do with family, skilled work, and investment/entrepreneurship. Once you have lived in Canada for three of the previous four years, without having been convicted of any crimes, you can apply for Canadian citizenship. (You need not have been a permanent resident of Canada for the whole three years, however.)

Be prepared to take a written test to display your knowledge of either English or French. You will also have to pass an exam that shows you know the history of Canada, as well as the rights and duties of its citizens.

For more information, see the website of the Canadian Embassy in the United States.

Do You Need to File an Application for Dual U.S.-Canadian Citizenship?

As for the "dual citizenship" aspect of this inquiry, there is no separate application procedure by which one must apply for it. If you're already a citizen of either the U.S. or Canada and become a citizen of the other without taking active steps to renounce your original citizenship, you are a dual citizen. It's as simple as that.

See a Lawyer If (or Before) You Run Into Immigration Trouble

Find an attorney who specializes in immigration law within either the United States or Canada to devise an immigration strategy and ensure you are up-to-date on all the country's requirements.

Getting permanent residence in either country is the tough part. Once you've overcome that hurdle, becoming a citizen should present few complications. (After all, you probably already speak English!)

Getting Dual Citizenship in the United States and Canada (2024)

FAQs

How hard is it to get dual citizenship in Canada and USA? ›

As for the "dual citizenship" aspect of this inquiry, there is no separate application procedure by which one must apply for it. If you're already a citizen of either the U.S. or Canada and become a citizen of the other without taking active steps to renounce your original citizenship, you are a dual citizen.

Can you have dual citizenship for U.S. and Canada? ›

Dual or multiple citizenship is legal in Canada. However, it may not be legal in the other country or countries where you hold citizenship.

How do I prove dual citizenship? ›

As far as the U.S. is concerned, there is no “dual citizenship” status. To become a dual citizen of the U.S. or another country, all you need to do is obtain a second citizenship. There is no specific application or form in the U.S. for dual citizens, you simply need to file for naturalization.

Can I get a secret clearance with dual citizenship? ›

It is now possible for a dual citizen to get a security clearance if she fully discloses her connections to the foreign country and if that country is judged to pose no risk to U.S. national security interests. The first is within the control of any applicant; the second is not.

What are disadvantages of dual citizenship? ›

Drawbacks of being a dual citizen include the potential for double taxation, the long and expensive process for obtaining dual citizenship, and the fact that you become bound by the laws of two nations.

Is it difficult for an American to become a Canadian citizen? ›

U.S citizens and residents who immigrate to Canada and reside in the country for a few years may eventually apply to become citizens of their adopted country. This is a process known as naturalization, and Canada has one of the most liberal and welcoming naturalization processes in the world.

Do I lose my U.S. citizenship if I become Canadian? ›

A U.S. citizen may naturalize in a foreign state without any risk to his or her U.S. citizenship. However, persons who acquire a foreign nationality after age 18 by applying for it may relinquish their U.S. nationality if they wish to do so.

Do you have to pay taxes if you are a dual citizen? ›

As it turns out, as long as you are a citizen or resident alien of the United States, you must file U.S. taxes if you meet the filing thresholds. This applies even if you have dual citizenship and pay taxes to another country or don't currently live in the States.

What are the pros and cons of dual citizenship? ›

The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship: Is it Worth It?
  • The Pros and Cons of Dual Citizenship.
  • Pro: Estate Planning is Easier When You're a Citizen.
  • Con: Dual Citizenship Could Mean Dual Taxation for Americans.
  • Pro: Low-cost (Possibly Free) Healthcare and Higher Education.

Do you automatically get dual citizenship? ›

Does the United States allow dual citizenship? Yes, the U.S. allows dual citizenship by default. The government does not require naturalized U.S. citizens to give up their citizenship in their country of origin.

Is it illegal to travel with two passports? ›

Can I have a second U.S. Passport? A little-known fact is that Americans are eligible to hold two U.S. passports at the same time, which can be particularly helpful for travelers who frequently travel to places that require visas. "As I work on trying to visit every country, I have to apply for a lot of visas.

How much does it cost to apply for dual citizenship? ›

You will need to pay a total of $725 for these two services – $640 for the N-400 form and $85 for the biometric services fee. The whole payment can be made at once through different means, which include money order, cashier's check, or personal check.

What is a Yankee White clearance? ›

Yankee White is an administrative nickname for a background check undertaken in the United States of America for Department of Defense personnel and contractor employees working with the president and vice president.

Who is eligible for US secret clearance? ›

Security clearances only apply to positions that fall under the purview of the federal government. Executive Order 12968, Access to Classified Information, provides that security clearances are only granted to persons employed by, detailed or assigned to, or working on behalf of the federal government.

Can you be president with dual citizenship? ›

The United States is a popular example of this form of restrictive citizenship. It is widely known that only native-born US citizens can run for the office of President of the United States ( also known as the Natural-born Citizen Clause).

Is U.S. banning dual citizenship? ›

Yes, the United States allows dual citizenship. If you are a naturalized citizen, you don't have to give up citizenship from your country of origin. U.S. immigration law does not prohibit dual nationality.

Does dual citizenship expire? ›

Therefore, if there are any modifications in the laws, the citizens get enough time to take the required action to remain the citizens of the country. Hence, dual citizenship never expires.

Why does the U.S. not recognize dual citizenship? ›

The U.S. Government recognizes that dual nationality exists but does not encourage it as a matter of policy because of the problems it may cause. Claims of other countries on dual national U.S. citizens may conflict with U.S. law, and dual nationality may limit U.S. Government efforts to assist citizens abroad.

Is it worth moving to Canada from USA? ›

The three biggest virtues the Canadian society offers its new immigrants are – an excellent public health care system, high quality of living, and the lowest crime rates. These reasons make Canada your first choice.

How long can I stay in Canada as a U.S. citizen? ›

Most visitors can stay for up to 6 months in Canada. If you're allowed to enter Canada, the border services officer may allow you to stay for less or more than 6 months. If so, they'll put the date you need to leave by in your passport. They might also give you a document.

What is the fastest way to become a citizen of Canada? ›

Express Entry is Canada's fastest and most popular immigration program. Candidates that apply through the Express Entry system can receive permanent residence status as soon as six months.

How long can you live outside the US without losing citizenship? ›

International Travel

U.S. immigration law assumes that a person admitted to the United States as an immigrant will live in the United States permanently. Remaining outside the United States for more than one year may result in a loss of Lawful Permanent Resident status.

Can you lose your U.S. citizenship if you live outside the US? ›

Unlike the situation for lawful permanent residents (green card holders), a U.S. citizen can't lose citizenship solely by living outside of the United States for a long time.

Can a U.S. citizen stay out of the country for more than 6 months? ›

Absences of more than 365 consecutive days

You must apply for a re-entry permit (Form I-131) before you leave the United States, or your permanent residence status will be considered abandoned. A re-entry permit enables you to be abroad for up to two years.

Do dual citizens pay taxes to U.S. or Canada? ›

Yes, U.S./Canada dual citizens file U.S. taxes

A common question we hear is, “do U.S. dual citizens in Canada have to file U.S. taxes?” Yes, if you are a citizen or resident alien of the United States, you have a U.S. tax obligation, even if you're a dual citizen of the U.S. and Canada.

Do U.S. citizens living in Canada pay taxes? ›

Taxes: As a US expat in Canada, you'll need to file a US tax return each year and a Canadian tax return if you have Canadian income. However, the US and Canada have a tax treaty to avoid double taxation.

How can a U.S. citizen avoid double taxation? ›

Foreign Tax Credit

Well, if you qualify for the Foreign Tax Credit, the IRS will give you a tax credit equal to at least part of the taxes you paid to a foreign government. In many cases, they will credit you the entire amount you paid in foreign income taxes, removing any possibility of US double taxation.

What is the strongest passport in the world? ›

Japan (193 countries) If you're looking for a country with great travel options, then you can't go wrong with Japan. The Japanese passport is ranked as the most powerful in the world, allow visa-free access to 193 countries.

Where is the best place to get dual citizenship? ›

You might need to fulfil certain requirements depending on the way of obtaining the citizenship you choose. Different countries have different rules, but the easiest countries to get dual citizenship are states like Turkey, Vanuatu, Grenada, and Dominica.

What are the disadvantages of U.S. citizenship? ›

What Are The Disadvantages Of U.S. citizenship? The main disadvantage is you become liable for U.S. tax on your worldwide income, even if you leave the U.S. Unlike most other countries, U.S. citizens pay tax on their worldwide income, regardless of where they are living.

What are the rules for dual citizenship? ›

Dual citizenship if you are a citizen of another country

If you qualify for dual citizenship, you must first immigrate to the U.S. Then you must become a permanent U.S. resident before being eligible for U.S. citizenship. Learn more about immigrating to the U.S. And find out how to become a permanent resident.

What are the benefits of being a dual citizen? ›

What are the Benefits of Dual Citizenship in 2023?
  • The Benefits of Dual Citizenship.
  • Dual Citizenship Can Help Reduce Your Taxes.
  • A Second Passport Can Make Traveling Easier.
  • Second Citizenship Secures Residence Privileges.
  • Dual Citizenship Get New Social Benefits.
  • Dual Citizenship Can Mean New Business Opportunities.
Mar 4, 2023

Can a U.S. citizen enter the US without a passport? ›

The American Citizen Services Section wants to remind all U.S. citizens not to travel outside the United States without a valid U.S. passport. While dual citizens may be able to travel abroad with alternative documentation, all U.S. citizens are required to present a U.S. passport to re-enter the United States.

How many passports can a U.S. citizen hold? ›

The answer is you can have as many as you want, depending on your original citizenship. While some countries allow dual citizenship or many citizenships at the same time, others do not and require you to renounce your previous citizenship.

What is my nationality if I was born in USA? ›

General Requirements for Acquisition of Citizenship at Birth. A person born in the United States who is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States is a U.S. citizen at birth, to include a child born to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe.

What is the most secret security clearance? ›

Information "above Top Secret," a phrase used by the media, means either Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) or Special Access Program (SAP). It is not truly "above" Top Secret, since there is no clearance higher than Top Secret.

What is a red flag in security clearance? ›

Financial Risk Factors

Many security clearance applications are denied due to specific financial concerns. For example, large quantities of debt that are potentially unmanageable or unpaid taxes are both considered red flags.

How far back does secret clearance go? ›

The clearance process for Secret level access uses an investigation called the National Agency Check with Law and Credit that goes back five years, while the clearance process for Top Secret uses a Single Scope Background Investigation that goes back ten years.

How do you answer a security clearance question? ›

FILLING OUT GOVERNMENT FORMS TRUTHFULLY

ClearanceJobs always recommends answering the question that is being asked of you fully and truthfully. If one misdemeanor is all you have on your record from a few years ago, remember that time passed and positive patterns in terms of behavior are mitigating factors.

What is the Top Secret investigation? ›

For a Top Secret security clearance, the background investigation includes additional record checks which can verify citizenship for the applicant and family members, verification of birth, education, employment history, and military history.

Who does not allow dual citizenship? ›

List of countries that do not allow dual citizenship
AfghanistanIranSan Marino
BahrainNorth KoreaSlovakia
ChinaKuwaitSuriname
DjiboutiLaosSwaziland
EritreaLesothoTanzania
10 more rows

Can you run for president if you weren't born in the US? ›

Candidates for president must: Be a natural-born citizen of the United States. Be at least 35 years old. Have been a resident of the United States for 14 years.

Were any presidents not born in the US? ›

The first nine presidents and the 12th president (Zachary Taylor) were all citizens at the adoption of the constitution in 1789, with all being born within the territory held by the United States and recognized in the Treaty of Paris. All presidents who have served since were born in the United States.

Is dual Canadian U.S. citizenship worth it? ›

Benefits of Dual Citizenship (Canada & USA)

Possessing two passports can make border-crossing go more smoothly. You can vote in either country. You can move freely between and live in either of the two countries.

Is it easier to get citizenship in Canada or USA? ›

Contrary to popular opinion, it is much easier to immigrate to Canada than to the USA. In general, USA immigration is employment-based, which means the easiest and fastest way to enter the USA is via a work permit or business immigration.

How long does it take to process dual citizenship in Canada? ›

Processing time: 19 months. This includes processing of the complete application, the citizenship test, interview and ceremony.

Can I live in the US as a Canadian citizen? ›

1. Can a Canadian move to the USA? Yes, Canadians can move to the United States. However, they must first obtain a valid visa or green card in order to be eligible for permanent residency and citizenship.

Does a dual citizen pay US taxes? ›

As it turns out, as long as you are a citizen or resident alien of the United States, you must file U.S. taxes if you meet the filing thresholds. This applies even if you have dual citizenship and pay taxes to another country or don't currently live in the States.

Is it better to settle in Canada or USA? ›

The USA has larger income packages, but Canada has superior healthcare, more maternity leaves, and other social benefits. In addition, although Canada's average workweek is a little longer than the US's, getting a Worker Visa Canada is much easier.

How long does it take to get Canadian citizenship from USA? ›

You (and some minors, if applicable) must have been physically in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) during the 5 years before the date you sign your application. We encourage you to apply with more than 1,095 days of living in Canada in case there's a problem with the calculation.

Can Americans retire in Canada? ›

There's No Official Retirement Visa in Canada

Instead, there are a variety of different programs to establish residence in the country. The majority of Americans who retire in Canada are either dual citizens or have a Canadian spouse who can bring them in under the family sponsorship program.

Can I travel with 2 passports? ›

Can I have a second U.S. Passport? A little-known fact is that Americans are eligible to hold two U.S. passports at the same time, which can be particularly helpful for travelers who frequently travel to places that require visas. "As I work on trying to visit every country, I have to apply for a lot of visas.

Does dual citizenship expire in Canada? ›

A citizen of Canada will retain Canadian citizenship upon acquiring a second citizenship in another country. In fact, Canadian citizens cannot lose their citizenship unless they voluntarily renounce it via a complicated legal procedure.

What happens if a Canadian stay in the US longer than 6 months? ›

For those intending to stay beyond the six-month mark, applying for an extension with the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) through USCIS Form I-539 is necessary. A failure to leave on time can lead to complications, such as visa ineligibility or restrictions on future admissions.

How long can I stay in the United States as a Canadian citizen? ›

Canadian visitors are generally granted a stay in the U.S. for up to six months at the time of entry. Requests to extend or adjust a stay must be made prior to expiry to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service.

Can a Canadian buy a house in USA? ›

Yes. Canadians can own real property in the USA. In fact, anyone may own property in the United States, regardless of their citizenship. It is important to note that if you buy property in the U.S., you still must abide by laws about the length of your stay in America.

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