5 Main Stages of Educational Planning (2024)

There are five main stages of educational planning:

(1) Collection and Analysis of Statistical Information:

At this stage, relevant information about the system of education and concerned socio-economic factors is collected so as to provide the quantitative basis for projections aimed at the future development of the educational system.

Along with this, assessment in some allied fields is also necessary as education is an integral part of the total plan and is closely inter-related with the economic development of the country.

5 Main Stages of Educational Planning (1)

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(2) Evolving Policy Proposals:

The statistical information collected helps in identifying the gaps, weaknesses and shortcoming and provides the planners with a clear idea of the existing conditions. This helps the planners in formulating policy proposals aimed at accomplishing pre-determined objectives.

The formulation of the policy proposal requires an over-all view of the role of education vis-a-vis the economic development and the over-all planning. It should also take into account the complexities of a large country like India, the diversities of cultures within it as well as the regional aspirations.

These necessitate the introduction of a uniform educational system (e.g., 10+2+3 system) along with scope for regional diversities in the curricula. It should also aim at evolving policy decisions concerning rational norms of optimum class-size in terms of enrollment and student-teacher ratios at different levels and types of education.

Besides, policies concerning admission criteria (except the compulsory primary education level), promotion of students, fees to be paid on the basis of the principle of social justice, supply of text-books, equipment, devising curricula, methods of teaching, teachers’ qualifications and in-service professional development, methods of evaluation, medium of instruction, language policy and teachers’ salaries must be taken into account.

(3) Projections, Programming and Project Analysis:

An effective plan necessitates projections of all the inputs of the educational system – students, teachers, administrators, school buildings and classrooms, equipment and financial requirements.

ADVERTIsem*nTS:

Projections have to be made of the future nature and size of the demographic composition of population for a period of fifteen to twenty years. Since student is the focus of the educational process, projection should begin with the school and the college age-groups drawn on a yearly basis in terms of enrolments.

There are two commonly employed procedures available for scientific projections:

(i)The enrolment ratio method which is based on the projection of past and present ratios of school enrolment or school attendance into the future. It requires estimates of population by age and sex regarding school enrolment and/or attendance data.

ADVERTIsem*nTS:

(ii)The grade cohort method which is also known as cohort survival method. This method also makes use of the past and current enrolment data by grade for every school level and for approximately seven-year and ten-year data for primary and secondary levels respectively.

It also requires data on the number of new students, repeaters and those who pass on to the next higher class for every standard/class. Projections are calculated from the survival rates of students after taking into consideration demographic characteristics such as birth rate, mortality rate and migration rates.

Alongwith this, a minimum social standard of education needs to be postulated such as compulsory schooling for every child for a certain number of years.

Besides, provisions should be made in the estimates for the changes made by students midstream (e.g., switching from science faculty to commerce faculty) and other forms of turnover, adult education, literacy programmes, excess supply of products in a particular stream etc.

An assessment should also be made about the efficiency and effectiveness of the curricula, pedagogy used and criteria of admissions and evaluation as well as the changes required therein.

This is followed by programming and operation. For example, if 800 technicians are to be produced, a programme on the number of institutions, teachers, equipments, space, syllabi, courses, etc., is to be worked out. Here, one institution is called a project programming and project analysis involves the application of administrative and economic principles in order to assess a particular situation and establish an operational programme.

(4) Costing Educational Plans:

Education is an activity wherein the institution and the society bear part of the cost and the learner bears part of the cost. In order to improve the formulation and implementation of educational plans, it is necessary to understand the methods of costing education and the problems associated with it.

The unit costs of different types of educational facilities need to be computed. These costs are to be studied in terms of the availability of present and future financial resources. It should be ensured at this stage that the real cost of education is not too high so as to be inconsistent with the attainment of the overall plan objectives.

(5) Decision, Implementation and Evaluation:

A five year plan needs to be broken up into annual plans. Each annual plan is scrutinized, discussed and criticized in relation to a review of previous year’s strengths, weaknesses and achievements. At this stage, the necessary conditions for effective implementation of the programme need to be created. Thereafter, the actual operations take place.

At the end of the plan, evaluation is done in terms of the extent to which the objectives of the plan have been accomplished in an effective and efficient manner.

5 Main Stages of Educational Planning (2024)

FAQs

5 Main Stages of Educational Planning? ›

Educational planning includes five steps, represented by the mnemonic GNOME: goals, needs assessment, objectives, methods, and evaluation. Goals are broad aspirations, which are refined by the learners' needs to specific, measurable objectives.

What are the five principles of educational planning? ›

Educational planning includes five steps, represented by the mnemonic GNOME: goals, needs assessment, objectives, methods, and evaluation. Goals are broad aspirations, which are refined by the learners' needs to specific, measurable objectives.

What is the planning stage of education? ›

Educational planning is a process in which each college student is involved in self-assessment, exploring, and integrating academic and career alternatives, and making decisions that are personally relevant for the present and the future.

What are the 4 processes of educational planning? ›

Any management involves four basic stages: analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation.

What are the basic stages of education management? ›

The components are: (1) Educational Planning, (2) Educational Administration, (3) Educational Organisation, (4) Educational Direction, (5) Educational Co-ordination, (6) Educational Supervision, (7) Educational Controlling, and (8) Educational Evaluation.

What are the five five principles? ›

The Five Principles are: quality, responsibility, mutuality, efficiency and freedom.

What are the 5 best principles? ›

Five Great Principles for Life, The: Focus, Strength, Success, Wisdom, Responsibility.

What are the 5 stages of planning and explain each stages? ›

According to the PMBOK Guide (Project Management Body of Knowledge) by the Project Management Institute (PMI), a project management life cycle consists of 5 distinct phases including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closure that combine to turn a project idea into a working product.

What is the basic stage of planning process? ›

What are the basic steps in the planning process? The steps in the planning process include developing objectives, developing tasks to meet objectives, determining needed resources, creating a timeline, determining tracking and assessment, finalizing the plan, and distributing the plan to the team.

What are the 4 stages of planning cycle? ›

The project management life cycle is usually broken down into four phases: initiation, planning, execution, and closure.

What is the 4 stage model of program planning? ›

This project management process generally includes four phases: initiating, planning, executing, and closing. Some may also include a fifth “monitoring and controlling” phase between the executing and closing stages. By following each step, a project team increases the chance of achieving its goals.

What is step 4 in the planning process? ›

Step 1 - Identifying problems and opportunities. Step 2 - Inventorying and forecasting conditions. Step 3 - Formulating alternative plans. Step 4 - Evaluating alternative plans.

What are the top 4 major types of educational management? ›

The types are: (1) Centralized and Decentralized Education Management, (2) External and Internal Education Management, (3) Autocratic and Democratic Educational Management, and (4) Creative Educational Management.

What are the names of the stages of education? ›

Early childhood education is followed by primary school (called elementary school in the United States), middle school, secondary school (called high school in the United States), and then postsecondary (tertiary) education.

What are the six major models of educational management? ›

Models of Educational Leadership and Management

The present author has presented and classified theories of educational management for over 20 years (Bush 1986, 1995, 2003). This work categorises the main theories into six major models: formal, collegial, political, subjective, ambiguity and cultural (see Table 2.1).

What are the 4 major principles? ›

The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained.

What is the goal of 5S principle? ›

The goal of 5S is to create a clean, uncluttered environment that allows people to do their jobs without wasting time, while also lowering the risk of injury. The five words in 5S represent the five steps to accomplish this goal. They are sort, set, shine, standardize and sustain.

What is 5S in quality management? ›

5S stands for - Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiktesu, and sh*tsuke which means Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain respectively.

What is the rule of 5 success principles? ›

Start with Taking 5 Small Actions Every Day

And you don't need to work on big actions. The key to success with this rule is consistency. Imagine if you are to take 5 little actions that will move you toward your goal every day. In a week, you will have created 35 small wins.

What are the 5 steps of management process? ›

At the most fundamental level, management is a discipline that consists of a set of five general functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. These five functions are part of a body of practices and theories on how to be a successful manager.

What are the 5 steps in the strategic management process? ›

The five stages of the process are goal-setting, analysis, strategy formation, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring.

What are the 4 elements of planning? ›

4 Elements of Successful Long-Term Planning
  • 1) Understand the forces and trends that may shape your industry in the next decade. ...
  • 2) Clarify your organization's role in meeting these changes. ...
  • 3) Define the actions you must take to serve this role. ...
  • 4) Determine what you need to let go of to succeed.
Aug 11, 2020

How many phases are there in planning? ›

A standard project typically has the following four major phases (each with its own agenda of tasks and issues): initiation, planning, implementation, and closure. Taken together, these phases represent the path a project takes from the beginning to its end and are generally referred to as the project “life cycle.”

What are the 3 main stages of program planning? ›

Program Design Phases
  • Strategy Development.
  • Planning.
  • Implementation.
  • Evaluation.

What are the three phases of the planning stage and its tasks? ›

The three steps of the planning phase include situation (SWOT) analysis, market-product focus and goal setting, and marketing program.

What is step 4 in planning and conducting an evaluation of program implementation? ›

Step 4: Planning for gathering credible evidence. Stakeholders have to accept that the methods selected are appropriate to the questions asked and that the data collected are credible or the evaluation results will not be accepted or used.

What are steps 4 and 5? ›

Step 4: Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. Step 5: Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.

What are the essential elements of educational planning? ›

BEST EDUCATION PRACTICES DERIVED FROM EDUCATION PLANNING PRINCIPLES
  • Planning should be flexible.
  • Programs should be based on client needs.
  • The client system and planning context should be thoroughly analyzed.
  • Clients should be involved in the decision-making process of program planning.

What are the four 4 main management functions ______________? ›

Originally identified by Henri Fayol as five elements, there are now four commonly accepted functions of management that encompass these necessary skills: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.1 Consider what each of these functions entails, as well as how each may look in action.

What are the four areas of classroom management? ›

According to researchers, classroom management is a core strategy for effective teaching, four components of classroom management were identified and analyzed, which included: rules and regulations, disciplinary interventions, teacher-student interactions, and mental sets.

What are the 6 stages of teaching? ›

These six levels are applying, remembering, analyzing, understanding, creating, and evaluating.

What are the three stages of development in education? ›

Three stages of professional development and forms of competence in teaching are described: mastery of skills and procedures, clinical problem-solving, and critical reflection.

What are the three stages of learning in education? ›

In their now-classic theory, performance was characterized by three sequential stages, termed the cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages (Fig.

What are the five basic types of curriculum model? ›

The five basic types of curriculum are Traditional, Thematic, Programmed, Classical, and Technological. The most used curriculum can be found within these broader categories.

What are the top 8 components of educational management? ›

The components are: (1) Educational Planning, (2) Educational Administration, (3) Educational Organization, (4) Educational Direction, (5) Educational Coordination, (6) Educational Supervision, (7) Educational Controlling, and (8) Educational Evaluation.

What are the three 3 models of classroom management? ›

The Glasser Model: Good Behavior comes from Good Choices. The Dreikurs Model: Confronting Mistaken Goals. The Canter Model: Assertively taking charge. The Jones Model: Body language, Incentive Systems, and providing Efficient help.

What are the 6 principles of learning in education? ›

Principles of learning, also known as laws of learning, are readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, recency, intensity and freedom.

What are the five 5 essential components of an instructional design strategy? ›

This very systematic model consists of 5 interrelated and essential components to instruction – Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The ADDIE model can be used for any kind of learning, and provides opportunities to re-evaluate the learning goals and outcomes, at any stage.

What five key components should you always consider when planning instruction? ›

Here are our 5 things you need to know to create a great lesson plan:
  • Clear Goal/Objective. There is always something new for you to teach your students. ...
  • Anticipate Challenges. ...
  • Lesson Assessment. ...
  • Make it Relevant. ...
  • Practice Presenting.
May 1, 2015

What are the 7 principles of education? ›

Collectively, these principles employ the forces of activity, cooperation, diversity, expectations, interaction, and responsibility. A working knowledge of the seven principles is beneficial to administrators, teachers, and students alike.

What are the main 7 principles of teaching? ›

Large Classes: Seven Principles of Good Teaching
  • Good Practice Encourages Student-Faculty Contact. ...
  • Good Practice Encourages Cooperation Among Students. ...
  • Good Practice Encourages Active Learning. ...
  • Good Practice Gives Prompt Feedback. ...
  • Good Practice Emphasizes Time on Task. ...
  • Good Practice Communicates High Expectations.

What are the core principles in education? ›

OUR 7 CORE PRINCIPLES
  • Children “learn by doing.” ...
  • Curriculum is child-centered and developmentally appropriate. ...
  • The curriculum builds from a foundation. ...
  • Understanding, rather than memorization, is stressed. ...
  • The process of learning is emphasized. ...
  • The curriculum is integrated. ...
  • Inquiry is at the heart of the curriculum.

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