Why U.S. Brokerage Accounts of American Expats are Being Closed (2024)

Banking Service Restrictions Present New Problem for Americans Abroad

U.S. banks and brokerage firms are restricting and even closing the accounts of Americans living abroad, due to their status as non-U.S. residents. These actions are being taken by a broad range of U.S. financial institutions and notably include Morgan Stanley, Fidelity, Merrill Lynch, Ameriprise, TIAA, Edward Jones, USAA, UBS and many other institutions. Wells Fargo also pulled out of the international market, and as of January 19, 2021, no longer opens new brokerage accounts for residents living outside the U.S.

This move follows widespread action by non-U.S. financial institutions to revoke and refuse services to expat Americans as a result of theForeign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). Consequently, Americans abroad find it increasingly difficult to locate banking and investment services both in the U.S. and abroad. Even where they remain welcome as clients, the range of services and product availability is typically restricted.

Why Are Expat Brokerage Accounts Being Closed?

The global financial regulatory landscape is changing dramatically. FATCA imposes significant new compliance burdens on non-U.S. financial institutions with U.S. clients.As a result, many non-U.S. financial institutions now simply refuse to service U.S. persons.

Unfortunately, many U.S. financial institutions are following suit due to FATCA and other considerations. There have been stories about Morgan Stanley closing American expat accounts, Merrill Lynch placing restrictions on non-resident accounts and other banks adopting similarnew policies.

Among U.S. financial institutions, account restrictions differ between firms.Some firms are closing all brokerage accounts for non-U.S. residents, while other firms are only restricting services available to Americans not resident in the U.S.In other cases, firms require very high minimum account values for non-U.S. residents who wish to remain clients.Bans on purchasing U.S. mutual funds by non-residents, including American citizens, are now the norm. These new restrictions affect bank accounts, brokerage accounts and retirement accounts (such as IRAs and 401ks).

Many commentators attribute these actions to FATCA and increased offshore tax enforcement efforts. However, there are numerous contributing factors in addition to FATCA. Enhanced Treasury Department enforcement of existing anti-money laundering regulations and know-your-client rules, the 2001 Patriot Act and new European regulation of cross-border investments (e.g., EU MiFID II) all play a role. These factors contribute to a heightened compliance burden faced by financial institutions providing individual investment services across borders.Many U.S. institutions are following the lead of foreign banks in limiting perceived compliance and legal risk by simply refusing to provide individual financial services across borders.

Why Are Non-U.S. Residents Restricted from Owning U.S. Mutual Funds?

As widely reported, many U.S. mutual fund companies have introduced policies preventing their funds from being purchased by non-U.S. residents, including Americans abroad.Many expats are surprised to learn that rules barring the sale of most U.S.-registered mutual funds to non-residents are decades old. Previously, these long-standing limitations on ownership were seldom enforced.Recently, however, mutual fund companies modified due diligence procedures to compel more rigorous compliance with existing rules.Stepped-up enforcement of existing rules reflects the new environment of enhanced cross-border compliance and regulation among banks and brokerage firms.

Mutual fund distribution agreements typically mandate that mutual fund owners reside domestically in the U.S. for two main reasons:

  1. U.S. fund groups are not allowed to solicit overseas business for their SEC-registered funds, even from U.S. expatriates. Offering shares of mutual funds to non-domestic clients could potentially violate the laws of any country in which an investor or prospective investor in a fund is resident or domiciled.
  2. Mutual funds may make tax treaty claims on their holdings, which require funds to certify all shareholders are resident in the United States.

How Can Americans Living Abroad Invest?

A select number of U.S. brokers are still willing to work with Americans abroad. This is especially true when they’re guided by a specialized independent financial advisor who can conduct additional due diligence on the client.

While U.S. mutual funds may no longer be available for Americans abroad, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are generally not restricted for sale to non-U.S. residents (with the exception of EU residents, as discussed below). A well-designed ETF portfolio provides equal or superior diversification compared to traditional mutual funds. Furthermore, in addition to being exempt from some regulatory burdens, ETFs are generally more tax- and cost-efficient than traditional mutual funds. Therefore, lack of access to mutual funds should no longer be seen as a major impediment to successful expat investing.

The 2018 EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) restricted the distribution of U.S.-registered funds, including ETFs, in the EU. Most U.S. brokers still working with clients in the EU have responded by prohibiting them from purchasing U.S. funds, including ETFs. However, some U.S. brokers continue to allow the distribution of ETFs to EU residents where the funds are managed by a U.S. registered investment advisor (RIA).

Non-residents also have the option of building portfolios by purchasing individual stocks and bonds.Although this approach entails higher costs and limits an investor’s ability to achieve maximally efficient diversification, it’s the approach least burdened by cross-border regulation.

Investing Solutions for Americans Abroad

The investing landscape for Americans abroad is becoming increasingly complex. New brokerage account and mutual fund restrictions raise high hurdles for Americans abroad to invest wisely and tax-efficiently. Furthermore, implementing sound investment strategies without being ensnared in a cross-border tax trap has never been harder.

However, solutions do exist for clients forced to leave Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch and other American brokerage firms. Savvy American investors should keep their wealth invested globally through cost-effective ETFs held at those U.S. financial institutions that continue to welcome them.

Need help investing as an expat living overseas?Creative Planning Internationalis here for you. We work with expats andcross-border familiesto help maximize their wealth and avoid costly mistakes. If you’re an American living abroad who could use some help establishing a U.S. expat investment strategy,schedule a meetingwith a member of our team.

Why U.S. Brokerage Accounts of American Expats are Being Closed (2024)

FAQs

Why U.S. brokerage accounts of American expats are being closed? ›

Why Are Expat Brokerage Accounts Being Closed? The global financial regulatory landscape is changing dramatically. FATCA imposes significant new compliance burdens on non-U.S. financial institutions with U.S. clients. As a result, many non-U.S. financial institutions now simply refuse to service U.S. persons.

Can expats have U.S. brokerage accounts? ›

U.S. expat brokerage account restrictions vary between brokerage firms. Some firms let clients keep their existing brokerage account once they have moved overseas but will not permit clients to open a new brokerage account due to residency in a foreign country.

Why is Wells Fargo closing accounts for non residents? ›

Wells Fargo may view these U.S. expat clients as a source of perceived compliance risk. Ultimately, they may have decided for their overall business practice to close these retail international brokerage accounts. Again, the good news is that compliant and efficient U.S. expat investing options exist.

What should I do with my U.S. investment accounts when I move overseas? ›

Notify your U.S. financial institutions that you're leaving and for how long, so when you tap your assets abroad it won't be flagged as fraud. You may also need to report overseas bank and investment accounts annually to the IRS—especially those with balances topping $10,000—or face stiff penalties.

Can American expats invest in stocks? ›

Some platforms, allow U.S expats, IBKR can allow you depending on where you are living in the world, also some Brokers might let you invest as a U.S connected person abroad such as TD Ameritrade.

Can expats invest in US stock market? ›

If you live in a developing country, your local investment opportunities may be limited and very risky. In those cases, you can still invest in the United States and manage your money remotely. Please be aware that non-U.S.-based funds can be classed as passive foreign investment companies (PFICs).

Can US expats use Fidelity? ›

No. Unfortunately, we do not open accounts for any new customers residing outside the United States. Q.

Can US expats use TD Ameritrade? ›

TD Ameritrade opens accounts to residents of over 100 countries. The few exceptions include the European Union, Canada, and Australia, but “there are lots of buts and ifs on it”. 2. Interactive Brokers opens accounts to residents anywhere.

Does Charles Schwab work with expats? ›

We can help you invest in U.S. markets while living abroad, access U.S. dollar–based accounts, and provide reporting for U.S. tax filing.

What happens if Wells Fargo closes your account? ›

What Happens When a Bank Closes Your Account? Your bank may notify you that it has closed your account, but it normally isn't required to do so. The bank is required, however, to return your money, minus any unpaid fees or charges. The returned money likely will come in the form of a check.

Why are all banks closing my accounts? ›

Banks can close a customer's account for any reason, at any time, a point that is buried in the fine print of its customer agreements. When they do dump an account, it's usually because they're trying to protect the institution (or the customer) from a potential fraud.

How do I stop my Wells Fargo account from being closed? ›

Please call us at 1-800-869-3557, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, or visit a Wells Fargo branch. Please call us at 1-800-237-8472, Monday – Friday 8 am to 8 pm Eastern Time (excluding federal holidays), or visit a Wells Fargo branch. Reactivation may take up to 3 business days.

Can I keep my brokerage account if I move overseas? ›

Brokerage accounts for US citizens living abroad

In principle once again, U.S. expatriates may keep their US brokerage accounts and related investment accounts, such as 401k's, Individual Retirement accounts and so on.

Can I maintain a US account while living abroad? ›

Yes, you can. The process might be a bit complicated for non-citizens, but it's not impossible. Whether it's for business, travel, or personal reasons, setting up a US bank account will be worth the trouble. Banking in the US has many advantages.

Can you keep bank of America account if I move abroad? ›

Bottom line: Yes, you can keep your bank account if you move abroad.

What are the best ways for American expats to invest? ›

Some options that expats have include offshore investment bonds, managed future funds, commodities and more. If you have enough capital, you can also consider purchasing property in your new country of residence and turning that into an AirBnb or your long-term home.

Why is it so difficult for US citizens to invest while living in the UK? ›

These factors include: US citizens living overseas face onerous tax reporting requirements. These can apply even where no tax is payable – in some cases, they can even apply to people who have never lived or worked in the US. There are strict rules governing the type of investments US citizens can hold.

What happens to my Robinhood account if I leave the US? ›

Can I access my account while I travel overseas? You can access your Robinhood account in almost all countries, with the exception of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and the Crimea region of Ukraine.

Is Vanguard expat friendly? ›

Advisor-assisted Investing

Vanguard has a network of financial advisors who can assist with investments, including those for expatriates living abroad. Working with a financial planner can provide expatriates with personalized advice and guidance, which can be especially important for those who are new to investing.

What happens to my Vanguard account if I move abroad? ›

Please note that, if you move abroad, we reserve the right to place restrictions on your account. This may mean that you are prevented from making additional investments or switching existing holdings into other funds. If required to do so, we may also inform any relevant foreign authority about your investments.

Why is Vanguard transitioning to brokerage accounts? ›

Brokerage accounts are potentially far more profitable to the brokerage firm because they make money just by holding your assets. They can charge commissions if you decide to buy stocks or ETFs or bonds. You may be subject to an annual account fee, depending on your balance.

Can US expats own US mutual funds? ›

Securities laws and foreign investors

For foreign investors who have U.S. addresses and want to buy mutual funds, many fund companies will require only that the investor also supply IRS Form W-8BEN, which certifies the foreign status of the beneficial owner of the mutual fund account.

Can US expats open a 401k? ›

Any taxable earned income of an American expat above the foreign earned income exclusion amount (in the 2022 tax year, above $112,000) can support a contribution to a 401(k).

Can US expats invest in ETFs? ›

Although most U.S. mutual funds shy away from non-U.S. residents, due to limitations from FATCA compliance issues, ETFs don't have the same restrictions. ETFs also offer exposure to worldwide equities, bonds, and other investments such as global commodities and real estate.

Can I open an Etrade account if I live outside the US? ›

If you live outside the United States and want to open an account, you must submit a paper version of the application form and send a copy of your passport via fax or regular mail.

Can a non resident have a US brokerage account? ›

Yes, you can be a non-U.S. resident, living in America or living in your own country, and you can buy and sell U.S. stocks. In fact, trading U.S. stocks is sort of encouraged among international investors.

Can US expats use Interactive Brokers? ›

Low risk of account closure

If you only live in the US, there is no risk of getting your account closed, but even when you live temporarily abroad Interactive Brokers will usually allow you to continue to use the account.

How much is Charles Schwab International brokerage fee? ›

US$50 transaction fee applies to foreign share trades placed directly on a foreign exchange or the U.S. over-the-counter (OTC) market. Additional foreign handling or transaction fees may be assessed by local market brokers at the time of the trade. For non-U.S. ETF orders, please contact us.

What is the difference between Schwab and Schwab International? ›

Charles Schwab is a giant financial firm in the United States. Among other services, they offer stock broker services. And through Charles Schwab International, they are open to non-US residents. Many of my readers have requested that I write about it.

Can I withdraw money abroad with Charles Schwab? ›

The Schwab debit card allows you to take out cash from any ATM anywhere in the world and refunds 100% of any withdrawal or ATM fees you pay. This is a foolproof way to avoid international ATM fees and get the best currency exchange rate possible.

How long until Wells Fargo closes your account? ›

We can close most accounts immediately when: The account has a positive or zero balance. All deposits, outstanding and pending items are posted.

Will money bounce back if account is closed? ›

In many cases when someone tries to send money to a closed account, the bank will simply return the funds to the sender or decline the transaction. It can take about five to 10 days for funds to be returned to the sender.

Can a bank close your account and keep your money? ›

What happens to the money? If you have money in the account at the time it's closed, the bank is required to return it to you minus any outstanding fees. If an automatic deposit is made into that account after it's closed, those funds must also be returned. Typically, the bank will send a check.

What happens to your money when the bank closes? ›

When there is no open bank acquirer for the deposits, the FDIC will pay the depositor directly by check up to the insured balance in each account. Such payments usually begin within a few days after the bank closing.

What to do if bank shuts down your account? ›

Banks may close an account if it's inactive, has a lot of overdraft fees, or there's identity theft. You might be able to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Bureau if it wasn't your fault. You usually can't reopen a closed account, but you'll still be able to open a new one.

Can a bank close your account and not tell you why? ›

Yes. Generally, banks may close accounts, for any reason and without notice. Some reasons could include inactivity or low usage. Review your deposit account agreement for policies specific to your bank and your account.

What is Wells Fargo in trouble for? ›

Wells Fargo paid $3 billion in February 2020 to settle federal civil and criminal probes, admitting at the time that it pressured employees between 2002 and 2016 to meet unrealistic sales goals, which led them to open fake accounts for customers.

Why does Wells Fargo want to close my account? ›

If Wells Fargo closed your credit card account, the most likely reason is that you are very delinquent on payments. When credit card debt becomes 180 days delinquent, meaning you're at least 6 months behind on payments, credit card companies will typically close the account.

Is Wells Fargo closing accounts for non residents? ›

Wells Fargo has announced that it is closing accounts for non-U.S. residents, including the accounts of their many American expat clients. Creative Planning has assisted Wells Fargo international clients transition their accounts to our management.

What to do with US investments when moving abroad? ›

Notify your U.S. financial institutions that you're leaving and for how long, so when you tap your assets abroad it won't be flagged as fraud. You may also need to report overseas bank and investment accounts annually to the IRS—especially those with balances topping $10,000—or face stiff penalties.

What to do with investment when moving abroad? ›

How to Manage Your Funds If You Move Abroad
  1. Save Up a Hefty Sum. Passport and Visa Fees. ...
  2. Open a Local Bank Account.
  3. Keep Your Account Back Home.
  4. Get Over Technophobia.
  5. Maintain Your Investments.
  6. Talk to a Financial Advisor About Retirement Accounts.
  7. File Your Taxes.
  8. Keeping Track of Your Money After Moving Abroad.
Sep 25, 2022

Do expats need a US address? ›

Depending on where you move to or travel to, you may not enjoy the standard of service that you've grown accustomed to from the U.S. postal service. You may need a U.S. mailing address to keep some other U.S. services If you want to keep your U.S. bank account, you'll still need to maintain a U.S. address.

Do I need to tell my bank I'm moving abroad? ›

Yes, one of the most important things you need to do before going abroad is informing your bank. You want to make sure you'll be able to access your funds and use your debit or credit card while you're on vacation.

Can I have a US bank account without living in the US? ›

Having a checking account can be a way to build a solid foundation for your financial life in the U.S. Some non-residents sometimes believe they're ineligible to open a bank account in this country. Fortunately, that isn't true. Many financial institutions offer U.S. bank accounts for non-residents.

How do you keep a US address while living abroad? ›

Overseas Mail Forwarding Services

The most convenient way to maintain a functional U.S. address while living abroad is to use a virtual mailbox service that you can activate online. This service scans, holds, and offers mail forwarding services for a few dollars per month.

Do I need to let US bank know I'm traveling? ›

If you're planning to travel and want to use your card, let us know. Call us at the number on the back of your card, or add a travel note to your account digitally.

Can American expats invest with Vanguard? ›

Vanguard has a network of financial advisors who can assist with investments, including those for expatriates living abroad. Working with a financial planner can provide expatriates with personalized advice and guidance, which can be especially important for those who are new to investing.

Is Fidelity expat friendly? ›

No. Unfortunately, we do not open accounts for any new customers residing outside the United States.

When brokerage companies go out of business? ›

If a brokerage fails, another financial firm may agree to buy the firm's assets and accounts will be transferred to the new custodian with little interruption. The government also provides insurance, known as SIPC coverage, on up to $500,000 of securities or $250,000 of cash held at a brokerage firm.

What brokerage firm went out of business? ›

Lehman Brothers had humble beginnings as a dry-goods store, but eventually branched off into commodities trading and brokerage services. The firm survived many challenges but was eventually brought down by the collapse of the subprime mortgage market.

Is Charles Schwab good for expats? ›

As a U.S. citizen living abroad, you'll enjoy a number of advantages with Schwab, including: Convenient access to your money through U.S. dollar–denominated checks, debit cards, and the Schwab MoneyLink® Electronic Funds Transfer Service.

Where is the best place to be an American expat? ›

Where do American expats go?
  • Czech Republic.
  • New Zealand.
  • France.
  • Germany.
  • Thailand.
  • Costa Rica.
  • Canada.
  • South Korea.
Nov 30, 2022

What state is best for expats? ›

What's the best state for expat taxes?
  • Alaska.
  • Florida.
  • Nevada.
  • South Dakota.
  • Texas.
  • Washington.
  • Wyoming.
Oct 25, 2022

Which is better Fidelity investment or Fidelity International? ›

Fidelity Investments scored higher in 5 areas: Culture & Values, Work-life balance, Career Opportunities, Recommend to a friend and Positive Business Outlook.

Is it safe to keep more than $500000 in a brokerage account? ›

Is it safe to keep more than $500,000 in a brokerage account? It is safe in the sense that there are measures in place to help investors recoup their investments before the SIPC steps in. And, indeed, the SIPC will not get involved until the liquidation process starts.

Why do agents leave their brokerage? ›

Agents leave their firms for a variety of reasons. Changing firms might be a result of you wanting a larger commission split, starting a team requiring additional office space, relationship issues with the broker and staff, or your need to change direction with your business and start fresh with a new company.

What if my broker shuts down? ›

Brokers are intermediaries; they cannot operate your trading account without your consent. In addition, they cannot use funds from your account for their purposes. If a broker shuts down, you need to apply for compensation for your trading account with the Investor Protection Fund set up by SEBI.

What is the largest brokerage in the US? ›

Fidelity, the largest brokerage firm in the US, has $9.6 trillion in assets under administration and over 40 million individual clients as of September 2022.

What is the most successful brokerage firm? ›

Founded in 1971, Charles Schwab introduced the concept of the discount brokerage and has risen to be the largest stock brokerage firm around. It offers a variety of financial products and services, including stock trading, individual retirement accounts, and banking.

Is Charles Schwab too big to fail? ›

Holding more than $7 trillion of client assets, Schwab is also certainly too big to fail. That said, having to replace lower-cost deposits with higher-cost funding is likely going to be painful for the company's earnings in the near term.

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