Why Brokers Ask for Your Personal Information (2024)

When investors contact brokers, they are often surprised by the number of requests for personal information. The broker is just complying with the law and rules set forth by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC).

Indeed, certain required information must be obtained before a broker can make any trades on behalf of a client. These include your Social Security number or tax ID, your contact information, and whether or not you are an insider at any publicly traded corporation.

Key Takeaways

  • Brokers need personal information to comply with tax laws, anti-money laundering regulations, anti-terrorist financing requirements, record-keeping procedures, and determining suitable investments.
  • Broker-dealers in the U.S. need a tax identification number (TIN) from their clients, which is usually a Social Security number (SSN).
  • Non-U.S. citizens can usually use a valid passport number, an alien registration card number, or other government-issued ID numbers instead of an SSN.
  • Other frequently requested information includes name, address, and date of birth.

SSN Requirements for Trading Stocks

Broker-dealers in the U.S. are required to record a tax identification number (TIN) for their clients, and this number is usually a Social Security number (SSN). However, there are several other ways for non-U.S. citizens to supply a TIN. In many cases, a valid passport number, an alien registration card number, and other government-issued ID numbers (such as a driver's license number) can be used.

Personal Information

Brokers don't ask investors for their personal information to make conversation. There's a perfectly good reason behind it—they have to ask. The type of information required of a broker is spelled out in Rule 17a-3(a)(17) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The rule specifically requires the customer's name, SSN/TIN, mailing address, telephone number, date of birth, employment status (including occupation and whether the customer is an associated person of an exchange, a broker, or a dealer), annual income, net worth (excluding the value of a primary residence), and investment objectives.

Tax compliance is one reason that brokers need personal information. Investors need to report capital gains, losses, and dividends to the IRS. It follows that brokers must have this data in order to send the required forms each year.

The SEC lists three other reasons why brokers are required to ask for personal information. They are suitability, record-keeping requirements, and anti-terrorist/anti-money laundering (AML) laws.

Suitability

Suitability refers to how an investor's financial situation matches the advice and recommendations of a broker. A broker must attempt to understand an investor's circ*mstances and preferences. The broker should then provide recommendations that are suitable for that person and their investment objectives. A broker who does not do that violates rules laid out by the National Association of Securities Dealers.

Relevant information includes an individual's risk tolerance, financial goals, the amount of debt an investor owes, the number of years to retirement, and net worth. A good broker will tailor advice to particular situations. If a broker advises you to take any action in direct contradiction of your financial goals and circ*mstances, you might even have grounds for legal action.

Record-Keeping

Rules set out by the SEC require brokers to maintain a current record of personal information. Note that if a client refuses to provide this data, the broker is excused from following the rule. However, the broker must be able to prove that an effort was made to obtain and document the information.

Keep in mind that some personal information may change over time. It is the investor's responsibility to volunteer such new information to update the record. Still, a broker may ask for updates on an annual basis. Address changes may be of particular importance because the investor will receive a prospectus and other information for each investment.

Terrorism and Money Laundering

Finally, the broker must provide client information to meet anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing requirements. The minimum requirements for this section include:

  • Name
  • Address (home or business address, not a P.O. Box)
  • TIN, such as an SSN
  • Date of birth (for a person)

This information allows the broker to verify the client's identity. The client's personal data is cross-checked against lists of known or suspected terrorists.

These requirements can create issues for misidentified individuals and victims of identity theft. An identity check in such a case may reveal that an identity has been stolen and is being abused for money laundering purposes. Before visiting a broker, it is a good idea to review credit reports for signs of unusual activity. One of the best credit monitoring services would likely be useful in this endeavor. There are also services that monitor Social Security numbers to spot potential theft.

Additional Information

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has a list of other personal information a broker may ask when opening an account. Though not required, it suggests that investors pass these details on so the firm can better serve their trading and investment needs:

  • Contact person: They may ask for the name, address, and telephone number of a trusted contact person. FINRA states that this is not a requirement. This information is only needed if the broker is authorized to disclose information in the event of financial exploitation.
  • Type of account: The broker may ask investors if they want to open cash accounts or margin accounts. In a cash account, investors are required to pay for their trades with cash deposits. Margin accounts are needed for using most types of leverage and trading derivatives.
  • Uninvested cash: Investors may also be asked how they intend to deal with cash on hand in their accounts. That includes any money they deposit at regular intervals, dividends, or interest on investments. Automatic reinvestment plans usually boost returns in the long run.

Online Brokerages and Trading Platforms

Some brokerages have traditional offices, which means that investors are able to supply confidential information in person. Transferring data in person can reduce the risk of identity theft.

When trading online, investors are often required to give up personal information through the trading platform or app.

However, due diligence remains crucial online. Just as with any traditional broker, investors need to know who is getting their information. Read up on the brokerage's background and check out reviews to see if it is legitimate. Beware of fake apps and online platforms designed to harvest personal information. Legitimate apps will usually have a large number of users and reviews.

Why Brokers Ask for Your Personal Information (2024)

FAQs

Why Brokers Ask for Your Personal Information? ›

Brokers generally request personal information from their customers, including financial and tax identification information, to comply with U.S. government laws and rules, as well as rules imposed by self-regulatory organizations (SROs).

How do you know if a broker is scamming you? ›

Visit FINRA BrokerCheck or call FINRA at (800) 289-9999. Or, visit the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure (IAPD) website. Also, contact your state securities regulator. Check SEC Action Lookup tool for formal actions that the SEC has brought against individuals.

Do brokers need your SSN? ›

Broker-dealers in the U.S. need a tax identification number (TIN) from their clients, which is usually a Social Security number (SSN). Non-U.S. citizens can usually use a valid passport number, an alien registration card number, or other government-issued ID numbers instead of an SSN.

Why does brokerage need employer info? ›

When you create a brokerage account, financial institutions typically ask you about your employment and employer as part of their "Know Your Customer" (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance procedures.

Why does my financial advisor need my Social Security number? ›

Not every request for your Social Security number is an effort to steal your identity—but not every request is mandatory. In general, you will need to provide your SSN to: Employers for wage and tax reporting purposes. Financial institutions, such as banks or brokerage firms, for tax reporting purposes.

What are the red flags of a scammer? ›

Promises unusually high returns. Requires an upfront investment - even for a "free" prize. Buyers want to overpay you for an item and have you send them the difference. Doesn't have the look of a real business.

Can a broker be a scammer? ›

Unscrupulous brokers, most of which are unregulated, perpetrate a variety of scams against individuals: Trading unfairly against customer orders – The broker may wait for the market to move significantly in the broker's favor before executing the order. Charging egregious trading commissions, fees, or spreads.

Can I give my SSN to anyone? ›

The Social Security Administration protects your Social Security number and keeps your records confidential. We don't give your number to anyone, except when authorized by law. You should be careful about sharing your number, even when you're asked for it.

What can someone do with your brokerage account number? ›

They now have access to your account and can transfer all your stocks out or sell them all. Another way hacks happen with brokerage accounts is with large-scale data breaches. The financial services industry is an obvious target for cybercriminals because these companies handle large amounts of customers' money.

Can I invest in crypto without SSN? ›

Yes, you can purchase bitcoin without turning over your Social Security Number in the process. When you buy or sell bitcoin at an ATM, it will not be necessary to produce your SSN.

Is it safe to keep more than $500000 in a brokerage account? ›

Is it safe to keep more than $500,000 in a brokerage account? It is safe in the sense that there are measures in place to help investors recoup their investments before the SIPC steps in. And, indeed, the SIPC will not get involved until the liquidation process starts.

Are brokerage accounts safe? ›

While bank balances are insured by the FDIC, investments in a brokerage account are covered by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). It protects investors in the unlikely event that their brokerage firm fails.

Does it matter who your broker is? ›

Your first broker won't necessarily be your broker for life. Your life will change, and your needs as an investor may change along with it. However, if you choose the right broker to start with, you may have a much better chance of making money as an investor.

Can financial advisors see your bank account? ›

Much like you're researching potential financial advisors, they are also checking you out. They'll look at your bank statements, pay stubs, outstanding debts, and investments. While this helps them see how they can help you, it also gives them a way to sell you more so they can make more money.

How do I protect myself from a financial advisor? ›

Protect Yourself when Entering a New Relationship with a...
  1. Validate Their credentials, Background, and Ethics Record.
  2. Make Sure You Get Everything in Writing.
  3. Trust Word of Mouth.
  4. Make Sure You Can Get Out.
Jan 11, 2021

Should I give my Social Security number to Fidelity? ›

The IRS requires you to certify your SSN or TIN to verify your U.S. tax status. If our information doesn't match what the IRS has on file, the IRS requires Fidelity to withhold 24% of the proceeds when you sell a security or receive dividends, interest, or other income. You may also be subject to penalties.

What is a red flag for suspicious personal identifying information? ›

Category 2: Suspicious Documents:

Red flags include: 1. Identification document or card that appears to be forged, altered or inauthentic; 2. Identification document or card on which a person's photograph or physical description is not consistent with the person presenting the document; 3.

What is typical scammer behavior? ›

Look for typical scammer behavior.

Repeatedly asking for odd personal information (e.g., your location) Disconcertingly dramatic, erratic, or otherwise strange behavior (in all likelihood, you'll want to avoid dating people like this anyway) Early or inappropriate professions of love.

How do you beware a scammer? ›

8 things you can do to avoid being scammed
  1. Be suspicious. ...
  2. Don't trust unexpected contact. ...
  3. Do your research. ...
  4. Resist demands to act quickly. ...
  5. Keep your computer virus protection up to date. ...
  6. Never open attachments or click on links in emails if words or images make you feel unsure about the sender.

What should brokers never discuss? ›

Sellers should never discuss things like price, why they are selling, problems with the home, other offers, or closing with buyers. Anything said to a buyer's agent should be considered said to the buyer and may be used during negotiations.

How do I trust my broker? ›

You need to establish trust, rapport, and mutual understanding with your broker, and that can only be achieved by being honest, transparent, and responsive. You should share your goals, preferences, and concerns with your broker, and listen to their advice and feedback.

What makes a bad broker? ›

Key Takeaways. One sign of an unscrupulous broker is if they churn accounts (trade frequently) in order to generate commissions for themselves. Also to be avoided are brokers who recommend investments below breakpoints in order to protect their commissions.

What should I do if I gave my SSN to a scammer? ›

Here are six steps to complete to minimize fraud damage if you've accidentally given your Social Security number to a scammer.
  1. Check your credit report for signs of fraud. ...
  2. Freeze your credit as soon as possible. ...
  3. Report the scam to the FTC and the police. ...
  4. Report the theft to the IRS. ...
  5. Submit a Social Security fraud report.
Apr 27, 2023

Is it safe to give last 4 digits of SSN? ›

Giving someone the last four digits of your SSN could lead to identity theft as this is the direct way to do the most damage to your financial information. Why? Banks and other official institutions often only request the last four digits of your SSN to confirm your identity.

Can a brokerage take your money? ›

Brokers can absolutely steal your money, although it isn't common. What tends to happen more often is brokers will steer you into investments that benefit them or into investments they wouldn't themselves make.

Can someone withdraw money from my account with account number? ›

Commit ACH fraud and withdraw your money

ACH transfers use a financial network called the Automated Clearing House to transfer money from one bank account to another. But if scammers gain access to your bank account number, they can use it for fraudulent ACH transfers or payments.

Are brokerage accounts high risk? ›

If your bank is FDIC-insured and goes under, you're protected for up to $250,000 per depositor, per account category. Brokerage accounts work similarly. The Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) offers up to $500,000 in protection per brokerage account, including a $250,000 cash limit.

Why do I need my SSN for crypto? ›

In order to protect our customers, prevent fraudulent activity, and be fully compliant with regulations for the trading of digital assets, we require the submission of personally identifiable information. This includes the submission of selfies, SSN, bank statements, etc.

Why do you need SSN to buy crypto? ›

They use your SS# for several reasons such as checking your background information, tax reporting purposes as well as to comply with anti- money laundering laws of the United States. Do you need SSN to buy Bitcoin? Is it safe to put your social security number on Coinbase? Why is crypto COM asking for my SSN?

Do you need SSN for Coinbase? ›

Answer: It is easy to set up an account although you will need some information. Some information needed includes legal name, address, date of birth, SSN last digits, and plan for using Coinbase.

How much cash should I leave in my brokerage account? ›

A general rule of thumb for how much of your investment portfolio should be cash or cash equivalents range from 2% to 10%, although this very much depends on your individual circ*mstances.

What brokerage do most millionaires use? ›

What brokerage firms do billionaires use? Many very wealthy individuals use the top brokerage firms, such as Fidelity, Schwab, Vanguard, and TD Ameritrade, among others. They invest in private equity and hedge funds.

What is a good amount to have in a brokerage account? ›

To recap, Brian Feroldi recommends putting about one-third of your extra money into a brokerage account, where you can use it for stock investing. However, that's with your extra money, after you've taken care of all of the following: Fully funding your emergency savings. Eliminating non-mortgage debt.

What is the biggest disadvantage of a brokerage account? ›

brokerage account, the biggest disadvantage is that a brokerage account is not tax-advantaged. Since it's a taxable account, you'll have to pay taxes on earnings in your account, including capital gains and dividends. Capital gains taxes kick in when you sell investments at a profit.

Should I keep all my money in a brokerage account? ›

A brokerage account is likely the choice for you if you want to invest your money for the long or short term, with maximal gains being at the forefront of your mind. This way, you can select higher-yield investments in a diversified portfolio so you can save for your long-term goals, like retirement.

Is my money safer in a bank or brokerage? ›

There's a big difference between having money at a bank and having money at a broker such as Charles Schwab, Vanguard, or Fidelity. Money at a broker isn't insured by the FDIC but it isn't like uninsured deposits at a bank. When you have money at a bank, you have a lender-borrower relationship with the bank.

How do you know if you have a good broker? ›

And learn, first hand, if a broker or advisor meets these criteria:
  • A good broker is a qualified professional. ...
  • A good broker knows his strengths. ...
  • A good broker asks good questions. ...
  • A good broker sticks with you. ...
  • A good broker is clear about fees. ...
  • A good broker leaves you feeling smarter.

How do you tell a broker you are not interested? ›

The best way to tell your realtor you are no longer interested in working with them is to talk to them directly. Buyers or sellers may have a slightly different process on ending the relationship in the most respectful way possible.

What happens if a broker is wrong? ›

In theory, if you have lost money because your broker (or any financial institution) gave you bad advice, mismanaged your investments, misled you, or took other unlawful or unethical actions, you can sue for damages. If these breaches of duty are provable, the "merits of the case" are strong, as a lawyer would say.

How do I know if my bank account is being monitored? ›

5 Ways You Can Tell If Your Bank Account Has Been Hacked
  1. Small unexplained payments.
  2. Unexpected notifications from your bank.
  3. A call claiming to be your bank demands information.
  4. Large transactions empty your bank account.
  5. You learn your account has been closed.
Dec 11, 2020

How do I know I can trust my financial advisor? ›

An advisor who believes in having a long-term relationship with you—and not merely a series of commission-generating transactions—can be considered trustworthy. Ask for referrals and then run a background check on the advisors that you narrow down such as from FINRA's free BrokerCheck service.

Can someone check your bank account without your permission? ›

You need direct permission

Generally, accessing any account that is password protected is illegal. You can't read someone's emails or check their bank balance, for instance. If you need a password to get into that account, you're breaking the law to enter it, even if you got in by correctly guessing that password.

Should you tell your financial advisor everything? ›

Just like your spouse, you should go into any meeting or conversation with a financial adviser or financial planner with complete openness and honesty. If you are paying a financial professional for help, they can only do a good job if they know all of the relevant details from your financial life.

What information do financial advisors need? ›

Be prepared to talk about your income, regular expenses and monthly cash flow. Provide a summary of your debt—including your mortgage, credit cards, student loans, car loans and other debt—and the interest rates and terms on the loans. Provide your insurance and estate-planning documents.

What to avoid when hiring a financial advisor? ›

The 7 Worst Mistakes When Hiring a Financial Advisor
  • Hiring an Advisor Who Is Not a Fiduciary. ...
  • Hiring the First Advisor You Meet. ...
  • Choosing an Advisor with the Wrong Specialty. ...
  • Picking an Advisor With an Incompatible Strategy. ...
  • Not Asking About Credentials. ...
  • Not Understanding How They are Paid. ...
  • Not Hiring a Vetted Advisor.
Apr 16, 2023

Is it normal for broker to ask for SSN? ›

This is a very common question. To own stock in a brokerage account, you are required under federal law (the Patriot Act) to provide your Social Security number. This information is used to verify your identity and prevent the bad guys from gaining access to the stock market.

Should I give my financial advisor my Social Security number? ›

Don't be alarmed if your broker starts asking for personal information. They are required by law to ask for certain things, including your name, Social Security and telephone number, date of birth, employment status, and annual income. Normally, getting asked these types of questions is perfectly acceptable.

How do you identify a scammer in real estate? ›

The following warning signs may indicate a real estate scam:
  1. Lack Of Proper Documentation. If you're looking to buy a home and the seller lacks the necessary paperwork, this is a huge red flag. ...
  2. Pressure To Act Immediately. ...
  3. Unrealistic Guarantees. ...
  4. Demands To Wire Money.
Feb 22, 2023

How do I report a fake broker? ›

Call the CFTC at 866.366. 2382 or file a tip or complaint.

Which is the most common way frauds are identified? ›

One of the most successful ways to identify fraud in businesses is to use an anonymous tip line (or website or hotline). According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACF), tips are by far the most prevalent technique of first fraud detection (40 percent of instances).

What should I do if a scammer has my name and address? ›

What To Do If You Gave Your Address To A Scammer
  1. Notify Affected Banks or Creditors.
  2. Use a Fraud Alert on Your Credit Report.
  3. Check Your Credit Reports.
  4. Freeze Your Credit.
  5. Report to the FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
  6. Report to the Police.
  7. Remove Fraudulent Information from Your Credit Report.
  8. Change Your Passwords.
Apr 23, 2022

How does a scammer know my name and address? ›

Spammers often release information-gathering programs called “bots” to collect the names and e-mail addresses of people who post to specific newsgroups. Bots can get this information from both recent and old posts.

What should I know before choosing a broker? ›

  • Look at commissions on the investments you'll use most.
  • Look for brokers with a track record of reliability.
  • Pay attention to account minimums.
  • Watch out for account fees.
  • Look at the pricing and execution fine print.
  • Consider tools, education and features.
  • Take advantage of promotions.
Mar 31, 2023

Why is it better to go through a broker? ›

Working with a mortgage broker can potentially save you time, effort, and money. A mortgage broker may have better and more access to lenders than you have. However, a broker's interests may not be aligned with your own. You may get a better deal on a loan by dealing directly with lenders.

Do brokers trade against you? ›

Your broker is your counterparty. This means that if you want to buy or “go long”, the broker will take the opposite side of your trade and sell to you or “go short”. The same thing happens if you want to sell or “go short”, the broker will take the opposite side of your trade and buy from you or “go long”.

What is an illegal broker? ›

Illegal Information Brokering means the practice by which an individual or entity approaches a contractor, subcontractor, vendor or other supplier, and offers confidential information or illegal or illicit influence in order to obtain business through bribery, fraud, corruption of competitive bidding processes or other ...

What happens if a broker makes a mistake? ›

In theory, if you have lost money because your broker (or any financial institution) gave you bad advice, mismanaged your investments, misled you, or took other unlawful or unethical actions, you can sue for damages. If these breaches of duty are provable, the "merits of the case" are strong, as a lawyer would say.

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