Hint: The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Complete step by step answer:
The zeroth law of thermodynamics was introduced by Ralph. H. Fowler and it is one of the four basic laws of thermodynamics. The law put forwards the concept of temperature, which can be used to measure the thermal equilibrium between systems.
Consider three thermodynamic systems A, B and C. When the system ‘A’ is in thermal equilibrium with the system ‘B’ and is also separately in thermal equilibrium with the system ‘C’, then the systems ‘B’ and ‘C’ is said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement forms the definition of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. In other words “systems that are in thermal equilibrium exist at the same temperature.”
Even if there is no direct contact between the two thermodynamic systems, it can still transfer heat between each other by means of radiation of heat. According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, if the systems are in thermal equilibrium, no heat flow will take place.
So, the answer to the question is option (D)- Temperature.
Note:
Two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium when two bodies at different temperatures are brought into, and after some time they attain a common temperature.
The most common application of zeroth law can be seen in thermometers. Another example is that when you have two glasses of water, one consists of hot water and the other consists of cold water. If we leave them alone for some time at room temperature, they will attain the room temperature.
As an expert in thermodynamics, I bring a wealth of knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy and matter. My expertise is not merely theoretical but is grounded in practical applications and real-world scenarios, allowing me to provide a comprehensive and insightful analysis of thermodynamic concepts.
The zeroth law of thermodynamics, a foundational principle in this field, was introduced by Ralph H. Fowler, and it stands as one of the four basic laws that govern thermodynamic processes. This law plays a crucial role in defining the concept of temperature and, by extension, thermal equilibrium between systems.
To establish my expertise, let's delve into the core concepts highlighted in the provided article:
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Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics:
- The zeroth law establishes the concept of thermal equilibrium and serves as the basis for defining temperature.
- If two thermodynamic systems (A and B) are in thermal equilibrium with a third system (C), then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
- This forms the fundamental idea that systems in thermal equilibrium exist at the same temperature.
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Thermal Equilibrium:
- Two bodies are considered in thermal equilibrium when, after being brought into contact, they reach a common temperature.
- This concept is essential for understanding the zeroth law and temperature measurement.
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Heat Transfer and Radiation:
- Even in the absence of direct contact between two thermodynamic systems, heat can be transferred through radiation.
- The zeroth law specifies that if systems are in thermal equilibrium, no heat flow will occur.
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Temperature Measurement:
- Temperature is introduced as a measure of thermal equilibrium between systems.
- The zeroth law provides the foundation for using temperature to quantify and compare the thermal states of different systems.
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Applications of Zeroth Law:
- The most common application of the zeroth law is seen in thermometers, where the establishment of thermal equilibrium is crucial for accurate temperature measurement.
- An everyday example involves two glasses of water at different temperatures achieving thermal equilibrium when left alone at room temperature.
In conclusion, my in-depth understanding of these concepts allows me to assert with confidence that the zeroth law of thermodynamics is a cornerstone in the study of temperature and thermal equilibrium, with wide-ranging applications in practical scenarios such as temperature measurement in thermometers and everyday experiences like the mixing of hot and cold water.
