The National Study of Millionaires (2024)

STUDY SUMMARY

  • Ramsey Solutions conducted the largest survey of millionaires ever with 10,000 participants.
  • Eight out of 10 millionaires invested in their company’s 401(k) plan.
  • The top five careers for millionaires include engineer, accountant, teacher, management and attorney.
  • 79% of millionaires did not receive any inheritance at all from their parents or other family members.

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The American Dream Is Alive

America may be called the land of opportunity, but few Americans today really believe they have what it takes to become wealthy.1 They’ve fallen for the myth that in order to be a millionaire, they need a big income or a rich family.

But The National Study of Millionaires by Ramsey Solutions proves that these beliefs about how millionaires got their money are wrong. Flat wrong.

So, how did all of these people hit the million-dollar mark? Most of them did it through consistent investing, avoiding debt like the plague, and smart spending. No lottery tickets. No inheritances. No six-figure incomes. Really.

That’s great news for Americans who’ve lost hope that they can ever build real wealth in their lifetime.

How Millionaires Invest (and Spend)

According to the survey, 8 out of 10 millionaires invested in their company’s 401(k) plan, and that simple step was a key to their financial success. Not only that, but 3 out of 4 of those surveyed also invested outside of company plans.

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But they didn’t risk their money on single-stock investments or “an opportunity they couldn’t pass up.” In fact, no millionaire in the study said single-stock investing was a big factor in their financial success. Single stocks didn’t even make the top three list of factors for reaching their net worth.

Three out of four millionaires (75%) said that regular, consistent investing over a long period of time is the reason for their success. So, the story about the young computer genius who developed an app that earned millions overnight is the exception, not the rule.

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Even when millionaires don’t have to worry about money anymore, they’re still careful about their spending. Ninety-four percent of the people studied said they live on less than they make, and nearly three-quarters of the millionaires have never carried a credit card balance in their lives!

These millionaires also said they spend $200 or less each month at restaurants. And 93% of millionaires use coupons all or some of the time when shopping. By staying out of debt and watching expenses, they’re able to build their bank accounts instead of trying to get out of a financial hole every month.

Millionaires Are Made, Not Born

Despite what society might believe, only a small number of wealthy people inherited their money.

The overwhelming majority (79%) of millionaires in the U.S. did not receive any inheritance at all from their parents or other family members. While 1 in 5 millionaires (21%) received some inheritance, only 3% received an inheritance of $1 million or more.

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In fact, the majority of millionaires didn’t even grow up around a lot of money. According to the survey, 8 out of 10 millionaires come from families at or below middle-income level. Only 2% of millionaires surveyed said they came from an upper-income family.

Millionaires Don’t Always Make Big Bucks

The next logical question is: What kind of salaries do wealthy people make? Not as much as you might think. The majority of millionaires in this survey didn’t have high-level, high-salary jobs.

In fact, only 15% of millionaires were in senior leadership roles, such as vice president or C-suite roles (CEO, CFO, COO, etc.). Ninety-three percent of millionaires said they got their wealth because they worked hard, not because they had big salaries.

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Only 31% averaged $100,000 a year over the course of their career, and one-third never made six figures in any single working year of their career.

Millionaires Go to College, but Not to Elite Schools

The National Study of Millionaires showed that it’s the degree itself that matters, not where the degree comes from. Almost two-thirds of millionaires (62%) graduated from public state schools, while only 8% went to a prestigious private school. But the bulk of millionaires did get that piece of paper.

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Eighty-eight percent of millionaires graduated from college, compared to 38% of the general population.2 And over half (52%) of the millionaires in the study earned a master’s or doctoral degree, compared to 13% of the general population.3

Perception Versus Reality

Overall, The National Study of Millionaires showed a dramatic difference between how Americans think wealthy people get their money and how they actually earn and spend their money.

The majority of the millionaires in the study said they earned their money through long-term investing. When it comes to spending, millionaires used a common tool for saving money: a shopping list. According to responses, 85% of participants in The National Study of Millionaires rely on a grocery list to some degree.

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About the Study

The National Study of Millionaires is a research study conducted by Ramsey Solutions with over 10,000 U.S. millionaires to gain an understanding of personal finance behaviors and attitudes that factored into their financial success. The nationally representative sample was fielded November 17, 2017, to January 31, 2018, using a third-party research panel and our Ramsey Solutions research panel. It is the largest, most statistically significant research project of its kind ever conducted.

    This article provides generalguidelines about investingtopics. Your situation may beunique. If you havequestions, connect with aSmartVestorPro.RamseySolutions is a paid, non-clientpromoter ofparticipating Pros.

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    The National Study of Millionaires (10)

    About the author

    Ramsey Solutions

    Ramsey Solutions has been committed to helping people regain control of their money, build wealth, grow their leadership skills, and enhance their lives through personal development since 1992. Millions of people have used our financial advice through 22 books (including 12 national bestsellers) published by Ramsey Press, as well as two syndicated radio shows and 10 podcasts, which have over 17 million weekly listeners. Learn More.

    The National Study of Millionaires (2024)

    FAQs

    What did the National Study of millionaires reveal? ›

    The National Study of Millionaires showed that it's the degree itself that matters, not where the degree comes from. Almost two-thirds of millionaires (62%) graduated from public state schools, while only 8% went to a prestigious private school. But the bulk of millionaires did get that piece of paper.

    Did 79 millionaires inherit $0? ›

    When Ramsey's National Study of Millionaires asked where the riches came from, they found that a whopping 79% didn't receive any inheritance from parents or other family members. Not one cent. Unpaid bills perhaps (though the study didn't ask).

    What percentage of Americans have a net worth of over $1000000? ›

    There are 5.3 million millionaires and 770 billionaires living in the United States. Millionaires make up about 2% of the U.S. adult population. While an ultra-high net worth will be out of reach for most, you can amass $1 million by managing money well and investing regularly.

    How do 90% of people become millionaires? ›

    “90% of all millionaires become so through owning real estate.” This famous quote from Andrew Carnegie, one of the wealthiest entrepreneurs of all time, is just as relevant today as it was more than a century ago. Some of the most successful entrepreneurs in the world have built their wealth through real estate.

    Do millionaires pay off debt or invest? ›

    They stay away from debt.

    Car payments, student loans, same-as-cash financing plans—these just aren't part of their vocabulary. That's why they win with money. They don't owe anything to the bank, so every dollar they earn stays with them to spend, save and give!

    What percent of millionaires inherited money? ›

    46% have a head start: Almost half the super rich people surveyed either had some inherited wealth or an affluent upbringing. 28% have legacy wealth: People with both an affluent background and inherited money.

    What is considered a rich inheritance? ›

    That said, an inheritance of $100,000 or more is generally considered large.

    What is the average inheritance in the US? ›

    Expectations for an inheritance's size have to be realistic. The Federal Reserve's 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) found that the average inheritance in the U.S. is $110,050.

    How many 401k millionaires are there? ›

    The 442,000 millionaire mark in 2021 was a peak since the first 401(k) plan was first established in 1978 but the year that followed was a very uncertain one and so many people saw significant drops to their accounts.

    Is 2 million in 401k enough to retire? ›

    A retirement account with $2 million should be enough to make most people comfortable. With an average income, you can expect it to last 35 years or more.

    What is the top 5% of Americans by net worth? ›

    Additionally, statistics show that the top 2% of the United States population has a net worth of about $2.4 million. On the other hand, the top 5% wealthiest Americans have a net worth of just over $1 million.

    What is the top 1% of Americans by net worth? ›

    Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
    • People with the top 1% of net worth in the U.S. in 2022 had $10,815,000 in net worth.
    • The top 2% had a net worth of $2,472,000.
    • The top 5% had $1,030,000.
    • The top 10% had $854,900.
    • The top 50% had $522,210.

    At what age are most millionaires made? ›

    The average millionaire is 57 years old.

    This is because it takes smart financial decisions, hard work, and wise investments to become a millionaire, most of which don't fully pay off until around the age of 50 or 60.

    How many homes does the average millionaire have? ›

    The world's richest people owned on average about four homes in 2022.

    Do millionaires keep their money in the bank? ›

    High net worth investors typically keep millions of dollars or even tens of millions in cash in their bank accounts to cover bills and unexpected expenses. Their balances are often way above the $250,000 FDIC insured limit.

    What debt is unforgivable? ›

    1. WHICH DEBTS ARE NEVER FORGIVEN? Bankruptcy never forgives child and spousal support or alimony, criminal fines and restitution, and claims from drunk driving accidents.

    What age should you be debt-free? ›

    A good goal is to be debt-free by retirement age, either 65 or earlier if you want. If you have other goals, such as taking a sabbatical or starting a business, you should make sure that your debt isn't going to hold you back.

    Do most millionaires pay off their mortgage? ›

    Most have paid off their mortgages. In 2020, 58% of the state's equity millionaires owned their homes free and clear. Statewide, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of Californians who have paid off their mortgages, from 1.6 million households in 2000 to 2.4 million in 2020.

    Are most millionaires married or single? ›

    • Most millionaires work at Fortune 500 companies. ...
    • Many poor people become millionaires by winning the lottery. ...
    • Millionaires usually drive new cars. ...
    • Many millionaires drop out of college to start work. ...
    • Single people are more often millionaires than married people. ...
    • It is impossible to save enough to be a millionaire.

    Are most millionaires born or made? ›

    Recent studies have shown that the notion that most millionaires are born into wealth is a myth. In fact, over two-thirds of millionaires are self-made, according to a 2019 study by Wealth-X and a study by Fidelity Investments.

    How many people inherit $1 million dollars? ›

    How Many Millionaires Inherited Their Wealth? 21% of millionaires received some inheritance, but only 3% received an inheritance of $1 million or above. 79% of millionaires did not receive any inheritance from their family or relatives.

    What age do most people inherit money? ›

    We find that inheritance size is highly correlated with income, particularly at the top end of the income distribution; the bulk of inheritances are received between the ages of 46 and 75; and that most inheritances come from parents.

    Does inheritance affect Social Security? ›

    Income from working at a job or other source could affect Social Security and SSDI benefits. However, receiving an inheritance won't affect Social Security and SSDI benefits.

    Should you leave your children an inheritance? ›

    In general, leaving an inheritance to your children is good in that it helps them through life, eases their financial burden, represents your love and care to them, and shows that you did well enough in life financially to be able to leave something to your family.

    What percent of Americans inherit? ›

    The authors find that 30 to 40 percent of households eventually receive an inheritance. This figure is a little higher than our estimate of around 30 percent (see Section 4). They also surmise that inheritances reflect a mixture of intentional and accidental bequests, with the latter twice as prevalent.

    How much can you inherit in the US tax free? ›

    Other relatives are exempt up to $15,000 ($40,000 in 2023) and unrelated heirs up to $10,000 ($25,000 in 2023). Prior to 2023, the tax rates above those exemptions are 1%, 13%, and 18%, respectively. Starting in 2023, those rates rise to 1%, 11%, and 15%, respectively.131415.

    How long do inheritances last? ›

    Though you might like to think of them spreading it out for years, really making use of what you've left behind, the reality is that people usually spend it in a year or less. This suggests that people already know what they want to do with the money: Go on vacation, buy a house, start a business, pay off debt.

    What percentage of Americans have $100000 for retirement? ›

    14% of Americans Have $100,000 Saved for Retirement

    Most Americans are not saving enough for retirement. According to the survey, only 14% of Americans have $100,000 or more saved in their retirement accounts. In fact, about 78% of Americans have $50,000 or less saved for retirement.

    How many Americans have $1 million in 401k? ›

    America's ranks of so-called 401(k) millionaires are diminishing following last year's stock market rout. The number of 401(k) accounts with at least $1 million in retirement savings fell 32% last year, to 299,000, from 442,000 in 2021, according to new data from Fidelity Investments.

    How many Americans have $500,000 saved? ›

    In 2019, about 50% of households reported any savings in retirement accounts. Twenty-one percent had saved more than $100,000, and 7% had more than $500,000. These percentages were only somewhat higher for older people.

    Can I live off interest on a million dollars? ›

    Once you have $1 million in assets, you can look seriously at living entirely off the returns of a portfolio. After all, the S&P 500 alone averages 10% returns per year. Setting aside taxes and down-year investment portfolio management, a $1 million index fund could provide $100,000 annually.

    Can you live off interest of $2 million dollars? ›

    At $200,000 per year in average returns, this is more than enough for all but the highest spenders to live comfortably. You can collect your returns, pay your capital gains taxes and have plenty left over for a comfortable lifestyle. The bad news about an index fund is the variability.

    What is a good monthly retirement income? ›

    According to data from the BLS, average incomes in 2021 after taxes were as follows for older households: 65-74 years: $59,872 per year or $4,989 per month. 75 and older: $43,217 per year or $3,601 per month.

    What is net worth of upper class? ›

    A high-net-worth individual is a person with at least $1 million in liquid financial assets.

    What is the average net worth of a 70 year old? ›

    The average net worth of Americans aged 65 to 74 hovers around $1.2 million. The median net worth is lower, at $164,000. The typical 70-year-old has around $105,000 in debt, including mortgages, home equity loans, credit cards and student loans, as measured by the Fed's data.

    What net worth is upper middle class? ›

    The Middle Class And Upper Middle Class Are Different

    That's between $42,330 and $126,358, using the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 median income of all households. We can also define middle class in terms of net worth. According to the U.S. Census data, the average net worth for U.S. households in 2022 is about $300,000.

    Does net worth include home? ›

    However, one measure that many overlook is net worth. Your net worth represents how much wealth you have, measured by assets like a house, cars, 401(k), jewelry or cash in the bank, minus the debt obligations you have, or what you owe.

    What is average net worth by age? ›

    Mean and median net worth by age (2019)
    Age GroupMean Net WorthMedian Net Worth
    Less than 35$76,300$13,900
    35-44$436,200$91,300
    45-54$833,200$168,600
    55-64$1,175,900$212,500
    2 more rows
    Nov 30, 2022

    What is the top 2% income in the US? ›

    Across the US, the average income for the top 2% of all earners is $206,000.

    What is the average age of a 401k millionaire? ›

    The typical "401(k) millionaire" reaches the milestone after age 50, according to a Fidelity Investments report cited by the New York Times. On average, women hit the milestone at age 58.5, while the average man became a millionaire at age 59.3.

    How to know if someone is a millionaire? ›

    A net-worth millionaire is someone who has a net worth of at least $1,000,000. Net worth is a fancy way to say 'what you own minus what you owe. ' If that amount ends up being $1,000,000+, you're a net-worth millionaire."

    What do most millionaires do for a living? ›

    The top five careers for millionaires include engineer, accountant, teacher, management and attorney.

    What state is home to the most millionaires? ›

    With 186 billionaires, California leads the country with the most ultra-wealthy residents. These billionaires mainly come from the technology and entertainment industries. California's wealthiest resident in 2022 was Larry Page.

    What percentage of US population has $3 million dollars? ›

    There are roughly 5,671,005 households with $3 million or more in America, 4.41% of all US households.

    Where do most millionaires live? ›

    New York City wears the crown as the world's top city with the most millionaires in 2023. Seven of the World's Top 10 cities listed are in countries that host formal investment migration programs and actively encourage foreign direct investment in return for residence or citizenship rights.

    How much cash in the bank is considered rich? ›

    Someone who has $1 million in liquid assets, for instance, is usually considered to be a high net worth (HNW) individual. You might need $5 million to $10 million to qualify as having a very high net worth while it may take $30 million or more to be considered ultra-high net worth.

    What bank do most millionaires use? ›

    Best Private Banks For Millionaires
    • Bank of America: Private Banking.
    • Citi: Private Banking.
    • HSBC: Private Banking.
    • JP Morgan: Private Bank.
    • Morgan Stanley.
    • UBS.
    • Wells Fargo: Private Bank.
    Apr 26, 2023

    What bank do millionaires put their money in? ›

    Bank of America, Citibank, Union Bank, and HSBC, among others, have created accounts that come with special perquisites for the ultrarich, such as personal bankers, waived fees, and the option of placing trades. The ultrarich are considered to be those with more than $30 million in assets.

    What do the patriotic millionaires believe? ›

    Patriotic Millionaires support a higher minimum wage, a progressive tax system, closing tax loopholes, and reducing the influence of money in politics through campaign finance reform. In addition to opposing the Bush tax cuts, the group opposed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

    What happened to the number of millionaires in the 1920s? ›

    How many more millionaires were there in the 20's than the previous decade? Four times as many. What was the big music in Harlem?

    What is the concept of millionaire? ›

    A millionaire is an individual whose net worth or wealth is equal to or exceeds one million units of currency. Depending on the currency, a certain level of prestige is associated with being a millionaire.

    Who was the first person in the world to be a millionaire? ›

    John Jacob Astor
    John Jacob Astor portrait by John Wesley Jarvis, c. 1825
    BornJohann Jakob AstorJuly 17, 1763 Walldorf, Electoral Palatinate, Holy Roman Empire
    DiedMarch 29, 1848 (aged 84) New York City, U.S.
    Burial placeTrinity Church Cemetery
    8 more rows

    What religion has the highest percentage of millionaires? ›

    Christian population is estimated to be around 2.382 billion, which is around 31.11 percent of the world's population. Studies have also found that out of the total millionaires on the planet, around 56.2% are Christians.

    What mindset do millionaires have? ›

    To those who swear by it, a millionaire mindset is about focusing on changing your life — starting with your perspective — to accomplish the goals you've always dreamed of achieving. It's no small task, either. You must encourage purposeful habits and ways of thinking daily.

    Who is believed to be the richest man in the world? ›

    Who is the richest man in the world? As of June 1, 2023, the richest man in the world is Bernard Arnault, the CEO and chairman of LVMH of France; he's worth $215 billion. He moved into the number one spot after Elon Musk's fortune fell in late 2022 as shares of electric carmaker Tesla fell.

    Were rich people still rich during the Great Depression? ›

    Not everyone, however, lost money during the worst economic downturn in American history. Business titans such as William Boeing and Walter Chrysler actually grew their fortunes during the Great Depression.

    What percent of Americans are millionaires? ›

    Research Summary.

    There are about 22 million millionaires in the U.S. 8.8 % of U.S. adults are millionaires. 33% of U.S. millionaires are women. 76% of millionaires in the U.S. are white, and white people account for 60% of the total U.S. population.

    How did the majority of millionaires get rich? ›

    No matter how much their annual salary may be, most millionaires put their money where it will grow, usually in stocks, bonds, and other types of stable investments. Millionaires put their money into places where it will grow such as mutual funds, stocks and retirement accounts.

    What are the three types of millionaires? ›

    There are three primary definitions of a "millionaire."

    But he says that definition can be misleading when comparing net-worth millionaires, asset-value millionaires, and cash-flow millionaires. "For example, a cash-flow millionaire is someone who owns assets that pay out (or cash flow) $1,000,000 in a year.

    How many incomes does a millionaire have? ›

    However, if you start maximizing your income generating potential through your primary salary, you will find yourself having excess income that you can reinvest to generate additional income streams use different buckets of assets. Remember, the average millionaire has 7 different income streams. Seven!

    Are you a millionaire if your house is worth a million? ›

    Does your house count towards being a millionaire? No, your house does not count towards being a millionaire since it is typically not included when determining your net worth. Being a millionaire is determined by your net worth, which is the total value of all your assets minus your liabilities.

    Who is the first black millionaire? ›

    Madam C.J.

    Walker (1867-1919), who started life as a Louisiana sharecropper born to formerly enslaved parents in 1867, is usually cited as the first Black millionaire.

    Who is the first female billionaire? ›

    Madam C. J. Walker (born Sarah Breedlove; December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919) was an African American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and political and social activist. She is recorded as the first female self-made millionaire in America in the Guinness Book of World Records.

    Who was the youngest millionaire in history? ›

    Bill Gates. Bill Gates became the world's youngest-ever billionaire at the age of 31 in 1987. In 1995, he became the world's richest man with a net worth of $12.9 billion.

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