Real Estate Title Transfer (2024)

A real estate title indicates both the ownership of the land and provides evidence of that ownership. The deed is the printed document showing ownership, and is the instrument by which title is conveyed. The deed must be recorded, usually at the county courthouse in which the real estate is located.

The title can be transferred to another party either voluntarily, usually as a sale, but sometimes as a gift, or involuntarily, by operation of law.

Voluntary Alienation

Voluntary alienation is the legal term for the voluntary conveyance of title. If the owner of the real estate is still alive, then the conveyance is achieved by executing a deed to convey title; otherwise, title is conveyed through a will, and will be subject to probate. Voluntary alienation, either as a sale or a gift, must be executed by the use of a deed to transfer title.

The deed is a written document that conveys transfer of title in real estate. The statute of frauds requires that the deed be in writing. The grantor, the original owner of the land conveys his interest to the grantee, the recipient of the title.

For a deed to be valid, it must meet the following requirements:

  • The grantor must have legal capacity, meaning the grantor is of sound mind and lawful age — in most states, the minimum age is 18. If a deed is executed by a minor, or if the grantor is mentally incompetent, title transfer may be voidable, but is not void. However, if the grantor is declared legally incompetent, then the title transfer is void, in which case, a title transfer requires court approval. The grantor's name must be spelled correctly, and include any past names, such as a maiden name. For example, Marilyn Smith, formerly Marilyn Miller.
  • There must be enough information in the deed to identify the grantee with reasonable certainty. If the title is being transferred to more than 1 person, then the form of ownership must be specified, such as joint tenancy or tenancy in common.
  • There must be a granting clause expressing conveyance, with the intention to convey title, and the type of ownership, such as a fee simple or life estate, for instance. To grant title, the grantor must have at least a vested interest, which is either a present interest in the land, or a future interest.
  • The deed must also state the consideration — what the seller received for the transfer, which is usually the amount of money paid, but, in the case of a gift, could be for love and affection, or a nominal consideration of a small amount and other valuable consideration.
  • A legal description that accurately identifies the property.
  • Any exceptions or reservations, such as encumbrances or deed restrictions; the grantor may retain certain rights, such as an easem*nt over the land.
  • There may be an habendum clause that further limits ownership rights, such as prohibiting certain activities, like gambling or drinking.
  • All owners of a property must sign the deed — including spouses in those states that grant the spouse marital or homestead rights. Some states also require witnesses. An attorney-in-fact with a power of attorney may sign for the grantor.
  • An acknowledgement — a formal declaration, before a notary public, justice of the peace, or other official designated by state law — that conveyance is voluntary and that the grantor has the right to convey title. The form of the acknowledgement should conform to the state law of the state in which the property is located. While acknowledgement is not necessary for a valid deed, except when state statute requires it, it may be ineligible for recording.
  • The deed must be delivered and accepted by the grantee; it can be delivered personally or by a 3rd party, such as an escrow agent (aka settlement agent). The date of the delivery and acceptance by the grantee is considered the date of the transfer, although in those states using the Torrens system, the date of transfer is considered the date when the deed has been examined and accepted for registration.

Involuntary Alienation

Involuntary alienation is the transfer of real estate by law and without the owner's consent. There are 4 methods by which this is accomplished: foreclosure, eminent domain, adverse possession, and by escheat.

Foreclosure

Foreclosure is the legal process by which a property is sold to satisfy a debt, usually a debt by which the property was purchased. Often, the property is sold by the lender to pay off the mortgage on the property.

Eminent Domain

Sometimes the government or one of its agencies, or a public utility or other private enterprise, takes property by exercising its power of eminent domain, which is the right of the entity to acquire property, through the process of condemnation, to use for a public purpose, such as building a road or a school. The owner of the property is paid the fair market value for the taking.

Adverse Possession

Adverse possession is the claim on a property by someone who has occupied the property for a number of years. To be successful, the adverse possessor — the squatter — must have occupied the land continuously for at least the number of years required by state law for a successful claim.

This occupation must satisfy 5 requirements:

  1. open — that is, easily seen by inspection;
  2. notorious in that it was known by others;
  3. continuous — no breaks in its use;
  4. adverse to the registered owner's possession; and
  5. hostile — without the owner's consent.

The amount of time of continuous use that is required to establish adverse possession is stipulated by state law and ranges from 5 to 30 years. However, the continuous occupation does not have to be by the same person. Through the legal concept of tacking, an adverse possessor can satisfy the time requirement if there were other adverse possessors before him, with the total amount of time that the land was continuously occupied being equal to or exceeding the time required by state law.

A claimant for a property under adverse possession must file the claim in court to receive legal title. If the adverse possessor does not file a court claim, then he will have an easem*nt by prescription.

Escheat

If a landowner dies without a will and without legal heirs, then the property reverts to the state through escheat. However, if a landowner has relatives and dies intestate (without a will), then his property will be distributed to the relatives according to the state's statute of descent and distribution. The spouse or children will receive the bulk of the estate, or, if the property owner had no spouse or children, then the property will be distributed to other relatives. Most states give higher priority to next of kin.

Real Estate Title Transfer (2024)

FAQs

How much does it cost to transfer property title in Texas? ›

The county clerk will charge a recording fee of about $30 to $40, depending on the county. The fee should be paid by a cashier's check or money order. Once a Deed has been recorded by the county clerk, the clerk's office will return the Deed to the new owner.

How do I transfer ownership of a property in Texas? ›

Transfers of real property must be in writing and notarized. Deeds should be recorded in the county where the property is located. To ensure a legal change to the property title, you'll want the services of an attorney. A qualified attorney will prepare and file the real estate transfer deed.

What is proof of ownership of a house in Texas? ›

A property Deed shows you own a house, building or land. Your Deed is your evidence of title or ownership of your real estate property. It is the document you show when you need proof you own the real property.

How long do you have to transfer property after death in Texas? ›

If the deceased property owner had a Will stating who the property should be transferred to, the Will should be filed for Probate within 4 years of the date of death. The property may subsequently be transferred or sold by the Executor named in the Will according to the wishes of the deceased owner.

How do I transfer property to a family member tax free Texas? ›

In order to gift a house or other real estate to a family member, the current owner of the property will need to sign a Gift Deed to give the property to the family member.

Do Texas require a bill of sale to transfer title? ›

In the state of Texas, a bill of sale is not required for transferring the title. However, we recommend always completing a bill of sale in a private-party vehicle transaction, as it offers legal protection to both buyer and seller.

How do I transfer my title to a family member in Texas? ›

In addition to completing Form 130-U, Application for Texas Title and/or Registration (PDF), both the donor and person receiving the motor vehicle must complete a required joint notarized Form 14-317, Affidavit of Motor Vehicle Gift Transfer, describing the transaction and the relationship between the donor and ...

How do you transfer a deed to a family member after death in Texas? ›

The Transfer on Death Deed must:
  1. Be in writing, signed by the owner, and notarized,
  2. Have a legal description of the property (The description is found on the deed to the property or in the deed records. ...
  3. Have the name and address of one or more beneficiaries,
  4. State that the transfer will happen at the owner's death,
Apr 12, 2023

How much is gift tax in Texas? ›

Texas also has no gift tax, meaning the only gift tax you have to worry about is the federal gift tax. The gift tax exemption for 2022 is $16,000 per year per recipient, increasing to $17,000 in 2023.

What makes a deed valid in Texas? ›

A valid deed in Texas must name the parties involved (grantor and grantee), their intent to convey property, sufficiently describe the property to be conveyed, and the deed must be signed and delivered by the grantor.

What is proof of ownership called? ›

A deed is the written document which transfers title (ownership) or an interest in property to another person. A property title is a bundle of rights in a piece of property in which a party may own either a legal interest or equitable interest.

What documents are referred to as title evidence? ›

Title Evidence means documentation in the form of a certified search covering a period of twenty (20) years, current title insurance or certified letter from abstractor or title insurance agent certifying fee simple ownership of property.

Who inherits in Texas if there is no will? ›

If a you are single and die without a will in Texas, your property will be distributed as follows: Your property will pass equally to your parents if both are living. If one parent has died, and you don't have any siblings, then your estate will pass to your surviving parent.

How do I transfer property without probate in Texas? ›

Chapter 205 of the Texas Estates Code allows the heirs at law (distributees) of someone who died intestate (that is, died without a will) to file a small estate affidavit with the court as an alternative to going through the probate process.

Does Texas recognize a transfer on death deed? ›

In 2015, the Texas Legislature passed the Texas Real Property Transfer on Death Act, often called the TODD Act. This new law enabled people to sign Transfer on Death Deeds, known as TODDs. A TODD is a simple deed that designates a “survivor” for real estate.

Can my parents sell me their house for $1? ›

Giving someone a house as a gift — or selling it to them for $1 — is legally equivalent to selling it to them at fair market value. The home is now the property of the giftee and they may do with it as they wish.

How much can you inherit without paying taxes in Texas? ›

Texas has no inheritance tax, so any money you receive as a beneficiary is not charged state tax, income tax, property tax, or capital gains tax. This is because the amount is taxed on the individual's final tax return.

Can my parents gift me a house without tax implications? ›

Adding a family member to the deed as a joint owner for no consideration is considered a gift of 50% of the property's fair market value for tax purposes. If the value of the gift exceeds the annual exclusion limit ($16,000 for 2022) the donor will need to file a gift tax return (via Form 709) to report the transfer.

Is a handwritten bill of sale OK? ›

Can a bill of sale be handwritten? If your state does not provide a bill of sale form, yes, you can handwrite one yourself. As long as the document includes all of the necessary parts of a bill of sale and is signed by both parties and a notary, it is valid. Some states require a bill of sale while others don't.

Can you do a title only transfer in Texas? ›

You must provide proof of liability insurance when you title and register your vehicle. If you do not provide proof of insurance, you may apply for 'title only'.

Do you need inspection for title transfer in Texas? ›

Transferring a Vehicle's Title As a New Resident of Texas

First, your vehicle needs to be inspected. The Texas vehicle inspection consists of a safety check and an emissions check for specific Texas counties. The vehicle is required to pass inspection before it can be titled in Texas.

How do I gift a title in Texas? ›

Affidavit of Motor Vehicle Gift Transfer
  1. Applicants must submit an Affidavit of Motor Vehicle Gift Transfer, Comptroller Form 14-317.
  2. Affidavit requires both the donor and recipient's signature to be notarized.
  3. The donor or recipient filing the affidavit must file in person and must provide a valid form of identification.

Can you do a Texas title transfer online? ›

1. TO COMPLETE THE TX MOTOR VEHICLE TRANSFER NOTIFICATION ONLINE: *PREFERRED METHOD* If possible, we highly recommend completing forms online instead of by mail, so you may easily save and print out a copy for your records that includes a date/timestamp.

Do all heirs have to agree to sell property in Texas? ›

Can An Executor Sell Estate Property Without Getting Approval From All Beneficiaries? The executor can sell property without getting all of the beneficiaries to approve. However, notice will be sent to all the beneficiaries so that they know of the sale but they don't have to approve of the sale.

What is a lady bird deed in Texas? ›

A lady bird deed is a special kind of "life estate" deed that allows you to transfer real estate to a designee at your death without having to go through the probate process. Texas is one of only a few states that recognize them.

How much does it cost to file an affidavit of heirship in Texas? ›

A ballpark fee for preparation of the affidavit is between $750 for a very simple estate with few heirs to several thousand dollars for a more complicated estate with many heirs. The filing fees to record the affidavit in each county where the real property is located usually run about $50 to $75 in Texas.

How does the IRS know if you give a gift? ›

The primary way the IRS becomes aware of gifts is when you report them on form 709. You are required to report gifts to an individual over $17,000 on this form. This is how the IRS will generally become aware of a gift.

Who pays gift tax the giver or receiver? ›

The donor is generally responsible for paying the gift tax. Under special arrangements the donee may agree to pay the tax instead.

Can my parents give me $100 000? ›

Lifetime Gifting Limits

Each individual has a $11.7 million lifetime exemption ($23.4M combined for married couples) before anyone would owe federal tax on a gift or inheritance. In other words, you could gift your son or daughter $10 million dollars today, and no one would owe any federal gift tax on that amount.

Why do deeds say $10? ›

Most deeds recite nominal consideration (e.g., “the sum of $10.00”). This keeps the actual consideration private and is common practice in most states. Actual Consideration. Actual consideration is sometimes used if the parties want to publicly document the purchase price paid for the property.

What makes a deed void in Texas? ›

The deed becomes voidable when there is proof that, without the undue influence of another, the grantor would not have executed the deed as written.

What are the 4 types of deeds in Texas? ›

In Texas, there are basically four main types of deeds: a general warranty deed, a special warranty deed, a deed without warranty and a quitclaim deed. The differences between them are profound, and the type used continues to affect both parties well after the transfer takes place. But back to basics.

What is a RC1? ›

When purchasing a used vehicle, the first step of ownership is to register the vehicle at the licensing department. To do so, the seller gives the buyer a document, the RC1 Certificate of Registration in Respect of Motor Vehicle form, more commonly known as the face value.

What document shows percentage of ownership? ›

Stock certificates and share ledgers are often used to prove business ownership. While stock certificates are commonly used in larger corporations, they are often not available in smaller corporations.

How do I get ownership proof? ›

How do I get a certificate of title for my property ?
  1. Visit the local Divisional Revenue Office.
  2. There, you will have to fill an application form.
  3. You will then have to fill the required details.
  4. Attach the copy of documents as mentioned in the form.
  5. Pay the fee for the form.
Jan 25, 2022

What is the most common evidence of title? ›

The three major evidences of title are: (1) an abstract and opinion, (2) title insurance, and (3) a Torrens certificate of title. All states provide for the public recording of every document by which any estate or interest in land is created, transferred or encumbered.

What is the most common form of evidence of title? ›

The deed is the now the symbol of title. Today, Californians most often transfer title to real property by a simple written instrument, the grant deed.

Who issues a document of title? ›

The Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth) (PPSA) also provides a definition of a document of title which is consistent with general commercial practice. For the purposes of the PPSA, a document of title: Is a writing issued by or addressed to a bailee.

What is the order of inheritance? ›

Generally speaking, the surviving spouse is first in line to inherit, with children and grandchildren next in line. If the surviving spouse has any minor children, they may inherit the whole estate. Adult children may receive a share of inheritance.

Is a handwritten will valid in Texas? ›

If done correctly, it is valid and can be legally enforced. To make a valid handwritten will in Texas, the entire document must be in your own handwriting. No one can write any part of it except for you and no part of it can be typed.

Do you need a lawyer to transfer a deed in Texas? ›

Transfers of real property must be in writing and notarized. Deeds should be recorded in the county where the property is located. To ensure a legal change to the property title, you'll want the services of an attorney. A qualified attorney will prepare and file the real estate transfer deed.

What happens if probate is never filed in Texas? ›

If you do not submit the will into probate or miss the filing deadline, the probate court will treat the decedent's will as if it never existed. Then, the decedent's property will eventually be distributed according to Texas intestate succession law. Under intestate law, the state decides who will inherit the property.

What happens if an estate is never probated in Texas? ›

Texas law provides that, when this happens, the Will is treated as if it did not exist, and the estate passes by intestate (without a Will) succession. This means that children by a prior marriage take the deceased spouse's one-half of any community property.

How do I transfer a title from a deceased person in Texas? ›

To claim the vehicle, the beneficiary must submit an Application for Texas Title and/or Registration (Form 130-U), the $28 or $33 title application fee, the Texas title in the deceased owner's name listing the beneficiary, and a death certificate.

What are the disadvantages of a transfer on death deed? ›

If there are ownership issues, like someone else has a claim to the property, the beneficiary may not be able to receive it. Additionally, a transfer on death deed does not protect against estate creditors — the property can be sold to satisfy estate debt once the grantor dies.

How much is it to file a transfer on death deed in Texas? ›

File the deed at the county clerk's office. File deed in the county clerk's office where the property is located. The clerk will charge a fee. Typical filing fees are $24 to $26 for the first page and $4 for each page thereafter.

How much is property transfer tax in Texas? ›

We're fortunate in Texas that we don't have to pay transfer taxes on real estate transactions. In fact, we're one of just 13 states that don't have this tax. For Texans, the prohibition on a transfer tax has been enshrined in our state constitution since 2016.

What is the title transfer tax rate in Texas? ›

A transfer of a motor vehicle without payment of consideration, that does not qualify as a gift, is a retail sale and is subject to the 6.25 percent motor vehicle tax.

How long does it take to transfer a property title in Texas? ›

It usually takes four to six weeks to complete the legal processes involved in the transfer of title.

Who typically pays the transfer tax in Texas? ›

Depending on the location of the property, the transfer tax can be paid either by the buyer or seller. The two parties must determine which side will cover the cost of the transfer tax as part of the negotiation around the sale.

Who pays the transfer tax in Texas? ›

Texas is one of 13 states that has no transfer taxes. So if you're buying or selling a home in Texas, you don't need to worry about them.

Do you have to pay taxes on property you sell in Texas? ›

unless you meet the exemption requirements. Is the Sale of Property in Texas Taxable? Yes, when you sale property in Texas it is treated just like an investment property. If you sell for profit, then anything on top of what you paid for the property is treated as capital gain.

What do you need to transfer a title in Texas? ›

What Do I Need for a Texas Vehicle Title Transfer?
  1. A signed and completed Application for Texas Vehicle Title (Form 130-U) from the vehicle's seller.
  2. A release of lien and/or power of attorney (if applicable)
  3. Payment for the required TX fees and taxes.
Feb 18, 2022

Can I do a title transfer online in Texas? ›

TO COMPLETE THE TX MOTOR VEHICLE TRANSFER NOTIFICATION ONLINE: *PREFERRED METHOD* If possible, we highly recommend completing forms online instead of by mail, so you may easily save and print out a copy for your records that includes a date/timestamp.

Who pays title fees buyer or seller in Texas? ›

What are typical closing costs for a seller in Texas? Sellers are responsible for real estate agent commissions, some title fees and any outstanding HOA fees or property taxes.

What happens if a buyer does not transfer title in Texas? ›

Failure to title within the 30 days results in an automatic $25 penalty, plus another $25 for each month the title is late. There are no waivers for these penalties, which means the (YOUR COUNTY) county tax office and the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles cannot reduce or forgive what you may owe.

Do you need a license to transfer a title in Texas? ›

You must bring one of the following forms of government-issued, photo identification to title a vehicle in Texas: A driver's license or state identification certificate issued by a state or territory of the United States. United States or foreign passport.

Who can write a deed in Texas? ›

Your deed will be prepared by a Texas licensed attorney in about an hour. This fee does not include the county recording fee. The county recording fee is approximately $15 to $40, depending on the county the property is located in.

Do both parties have to be present to transfer a title in Texas? ›

Either the donor or recipient must submit all forms and documents in person to the county tax office.

Who fills out form 130 Texas? ›

If you buy a vehicle from a dealer, the dealer is required to file the title application on your behalf. If you purchase your vehicle from an individual, the seller should provide you with a signed Form 130-U and any other supporting documents so you can file an application with the tax office.

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