Job (Person) (2024)

Job (Person) (1)

Job was the main person in the Book of Job. He lived in the Land of Uz[1] sometime after the Great Flood[2]. He had fourteen sons and six daughters over the course of his life and was the richest man in Mesopotamia or the area east of the Euphrates River[3]. After having raised ten children to adulthood, he lost all of his wealth and children in a test of his faith, brought about by a heavenly "accuser". While struggling with despair following his loss, three of Job's friends: Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar suggested various sins they believed Job committed to deserve a punishment from God. Job defends his own righteousness against the inaccurate accusations of his friends. In the end, God does not explain why Job suffered, but only that it was a mystery that Job could not fathom. After many erroneous admonitions from Job's associates, a young man named Elihu offers some sound advice.

After this tragic episode in Job's life, God chooses to restore Job's wealth and offspring twofold.

  • 1 Biography
    • 1.1 Early life
      • 1.1.1 Inhabitant of Uz
      • 1.1.2 A righteous man
      • 1.1.3 Esteemed Townsman
    • 1.2 The Trials of Job
      • 1.2.1 Losing Everything
      • 1.2.2 Despair
      • 1.2.3 Failed Comfort with friends
      • 1.2.4 God's Response
    • 1.3 Wealth Restored
    • 1.4 Death
  • 2 Name
  • 3 References Outside of the Book of Job
  • 4 Verses

Biography

Early life

Inhabitant of Uz

"Job" (a literary title meaning persecuted) was an inhabitant of the Land of Uz,[1] living in a settlement. His mother is referenced concerning his birth and childhood[4] and his father is briefly referenced[5] (both in a general way that does not reveal any specific details about them). As an adult, Job became very wealthy. In particular Job's wealth was measured in his vast flocks,[3] spread all throughout the land, in addition to his numerous servants. Job's wealth was so immense that he was considered the richest man in all of Mesopotamia.[3] At a certain age Job married and began his own family, having ten children in all.[6]

By the time of his suffering, Job's sons had their own homes.[7] Due to his wealth he had many friends, with some of his relatives living nearby.[8] During a certain point he became acquainted with three men named Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar.

A righteous man

Job was considered righteous by God and even Satan himself.[9] Job closely followed God and used his vast wealth to bless others. Job was generous to the poor, blessed widows, gave to all who were needy[10] and ensured all had justice.[11]

He understood that wisdom was from God.[12] He wisely abstained from sexual sin, having made a "covenant with his eyes" not to lust.[13] The rich man of Uz even made sacrifices on behalf of his children, to cover any sins they may have committed against God.[14]

Esteemed Townsman

The righteousness of Job, in particular his generosity to the poor caused him to be highly esteemed in his town.[15] The reverence for Job by the townspeople was so great, they would remain completely silent before and after he spoke publicly.[16] People viewed his face as a precious site and Job as a leader among the people; which led Job to compare himself to a king amongst his soldiers.[17] In Uz, he had such an influence that, he had a seat in the public square.

Job's description of himself may imply that he had some official leadership position in the city (even could've been a King) or was the de facto leader of the city. Regardless if his leadership was institutional or not, the people of the city upheld Job as one of the city's greatest leaders.

The Trials of Job

Losing Everything

While Job continued about his normal routine of sacrificing on behalf of his children, Satan decided to inquire before God. In their conversation Satan suggested that Job only feared God, because God had greatly blessed him.[18] Satan proposed that Job should be afflicted with many trials, hoping to cause him to disown God.

God allowed Satan to this, while forbidding him from killing Job. A herald came to Job and informed him that Sabeans had raided his cattle. They had taken all of the oxen and donkeys and also killed the servants over them. Another came in and informed Job that all of his sheep and the servants over them were killed by fire. Yet again another herald came in and told Job that Chaldeans had taken all of his camels and killed the servants over them. One more messenger came to give Job a message, that all of his children were killed when a house collapsed on them.[19]

Despair

After hearing all of these things Job ripped his clothes and shaved his head.[20] Soon afterwards, Job was afflicted with painful sores that covered his whole body. Job scraped his sores with a shard of pottery as he sat among ashes. Job's wife told Job he should curse God. but Job refused to curse God.[21] Three of Job's friends, Eliphaz, Zophar and Bildad went to go comfort Job. Job's depression and affliction of sores made him unrecognizable to his friends. His friends sat with him for seven days and nights and no one said a word, because of his severe suffering.[22]

During his time of mourning everyone shunned and avoided Job. All the people of Uz, even the young boys scorned and counted Job as evil (because he had lost everything, the people thought he had sinned against God and was being punished). None of the servants would answer Job's requests, his family ignored him and moved away, and almost all of his friends had forgotten him. Job's Wife was even critical of her husband.[23]

Failed Comfort with friends

After his seven day mourning Job cursed his birth, wishing he had never been born nor conceived. Job's three friends began having dialogue with him trying to comfort him in his time of distress. Each of his friends suggested ideas that were false, telling Job he had committed great sin against God, therefore he was being punished. His friends attempt at honesty brought no help to him[24] and the ideas were false, regardless. Job on the other hand expressed that he was clueless why God had allowed him to suffer. Job justified himself as righteous.[25]

God's Response

While Job did not sin by being angry with God,[26] he did during his despair by upholding himself as righteous. Eventually God Himself spoke to Job. He questioned Job on all kinds of matters of nature and its laws to show that He was divine where Job was not. Job only responded twice during God's whole oration and he expressed that he was unworthy and repented of the sin he had committed.[27]

Wealth Restored

God then rebuked Job's friends who had told lies about Him, rather Job had remained truthful about God. God commanded Job's comforters to make sacrifices. Job prayed over the sacrifices and mercy was given to his liar friends.[28]

After Job prayed for his associates, God restored his wealth twofold.[29] It is not known how Job's wealth was restored and greatly enhanced, but it probably took some time. Soon Job's siblings and all those who knew him came and feasted with him in his house. They each gave Job a gold ring and a piece of silver, perhaps this is how Job restored his wealth.[30] Now with his twofold wealth Job had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, one thousand oxen and one thousand donkeys. Job also had an additional ten children (replacing the ones he had lost): seven sons and three daughters, who were the most beautiful women in the land.[31]

Death

After having more children, Job lived an additional one-hundred and forty years. He lived to see his descendants to the fourth generation.[32] Job died as an old man "full of years",[33] just as he thought he would.[34] It is not known how old Job was when he died, but he would have lived well beyond 120 years.

All of his children, even his daughters received an inheritance. After Job's death his fortune would have been divided into ten and further subdivided with his descendants.

Name

The name Job (Heb:אִיּוֹב, Iyyob), literally means "the persecuted" or "hated". This means, the name "Job" is actually no this name, but a title depicting his literary role. This seems to be the case with the names of Job's friends as well. Specifically, Job may be hated, persecuted or the enemy of the "accuser" who serves as the instigator of Job's suffering, by presenting a challenge to God in a courtroom context. His name may indicate the book is depicting Job as an archetype for those who are suffering.

References Outside of the Book of Job

Job is directly mentioned twice outside the account covering his trials. In the Old Testament, Ezekiel recorded a prophecy from God concerning judgement for Jerusalem. God considered the city so wicked that He said that if Job, Noah and Daniel were in it, only they would be saved due to their righteousness.[35]

Job is also mentioned once in the New Testament, in the Epistle of James. Here James refers to the perseverance of Job as an example of patience in seeing God's mercy.[36] The reader is reminded of the blessings that come to those who wait on God's timing. Incidentally, James reminds the early church that the Book of Job is part of the Bible.

Verses

  1. 1.0 1.1 Job 1:1
  2. Job 22:16 (Link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Job 1:3
  4. Job 1:21, 3:10-11, 10:18-19 (Link)
  5. Job 15:10 (Link)
  6. Job 1:2 (Link)
  7. Job 1:4 (Link)
  8. Job 19:13-14, 19 (Link)
  9. Job 1:1, 8 (Link)
  10. Job 29:12-16; 31:16-20 (Link)
  11. Job 29:14, 17; 31:13 (Link)
  12. Job 28 (Link)
  13. Job 31:1-12 (Link)
  14. Job 1:5 (Link)
  15. Job 29:1-12 (Link)
  16. Job 29:8-10, 21-23 (Link)
  17. Job 29:24-25 (Link)
  18. Job 1:9-10 (Link)
  19. Job 1:14-19 (Link)
  20. Job 1:20-21 (Link)
  21. Job 2:7-10 (Link)
  22. Job 2:11-13 (Link)
  23. Job 19:13-19 (Link)
  24. Job 16:3 (Link)
  25. Job 32:2 (Link)
  26. Job 1:22 (Link)
  27. Job 40:3-5, 42:2-6 (Link)
  28. Job 42:7-9 (Link)
  29. Job 42:10 (Link)
  30. Job 42:11 (Link)
  31. Job 42:12-15 (Link)
  32. Job 42:16 (Link)
  33. Job 42:17 (Link)
  34. Job 29:18-20 (Link)
  35. Ezekiel 14:13-20 (Link)
  36. James 5:11 (Link)
Job (Person) (2024)

FAQs

What is Job's story in the Bible? ›

This legend concerns Job, a prosperous man of outstanding piety. Satan acts as an agent provocateur to test whether or not Job's piety is rooted merely in his prosperity. But faced with the appalling loss of his possessions, his children, and finally his own health, Job still refuses to curse God.

Is Job a real person in the Bible? ›

A clear majority of rabbis saw Job as having in fact existed as a historically factual figure. According to a minority view, Job never existed. In this view, Job was a literary creation by a prophet who used this form of writing to convey a divine message.

What was the character of Job in the Bible? ›

Job was upright.

All his business dealings were on the up and up. He was an honest man who could be trusted. He was dependable, ethical, and could never be rightly accused of cheating anyone. His life was characterized by sincerity and a quest for perfection.

Who was Job in the Bible and what happened to him? ›

The Talmud mentions him as one of the three Prophets consulted by Pharaoh prior to his decision to drown the Hebrew baby boys (Exodus). Balaam tells him to kill the Jews, Yithro to spare them and Job who does not agree with the plan says nothing. The Talmud concludes that it was for this reason that Job was punished.

What is the moral of Job's story? ›

The life of Job, a man whose story is told in the book of the Bible by that name, contains many lessons for us today. In it, we see the value of patience, perseverance, and the importance of holding our tongue, not to mention God's faithfulness, restorative power, and goodness.

What does the story of Job teach us? ›

The story of Job exemplifies our struggle to understand the problem of suffering. Job was upright and unwavering in his commitment to God, yet he loses everything—his children, his wealth, and eventually his health. For some of us, his experience of suffering resonates profoundly.

What was the suffering of Job in the Bible? ›

Job, a righteous, God-fearing man, experienced severe trials and afflictions. Job lost all of his property, his children died, and he suffered great physical agony. In the midst of his suffering, Job was visited by three friends. Though Job's friends intended to comfort him, they accused him of transgression.

What did God say to Job about his suffering? ›

“Clothe yourself with honor and majesty. Pour out your anger to overflowing, And look on everyone who is proud, and make him low. Look on everyone who is proud, and humble him, and tread down the wicked where they stand.” Job will find the task impossible.

Was Job tested by God? ›

God allows Satan to torment Job to test this bold claim, but he forbids Satan to take Job's life in the process. In the course of one day, Job receives four messages, each bearing separate news that his livestock, servants, and ten children have all died due to marauding invaders or natural catastrophes.

What is God's role in the Book of Job? ›

God is responsible for the suffering that his righteous servant Job, has to endure. He is even manipulated by the satan to allow him free reign in attacking Job. God even acknowledges that the misery and pain inflicted on Job, was for no reason.

Is Job the richest man in the Bible? ›

He had seven sons and three daughters, and owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, one thousand head of cattle, and five hundred donkeys. He also had a large number of servants and was the richest man in the East.

What are the five core Job characteristics? ›

The five core characteristics of job design are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and job feedback. Including these characteristics in your jobs affects the following work-related outcomes — motivation, satisfaction, performance, absenteeism, and turnover.

What happened to Job after he lost everything? ›

In the end, God restored all that Job had lost, and gave Job twice as much as he had before. The Lord blessed him with a long life, and with seven more sons, and three more daughters who were the most beautiful women in all the land!

What did Joseph Smith say about Job? ›

As recorded in the Doctrine and Covenants, Jesus Christ comforted the Prophet Joseph Smith by comparing his afflictions to those of Job: “Thou art not yet as Job; thy friends do not contend against thee, neither charge thee with transgression, as they did Job” (D&C 121:10).

Who was the man that lost everything in the Bible? ›

Job had everything — a good family, a good name and plenty of wealth. But then Satan went to God and asked for permission to alter Job's good fortune. Then tragedy strikes and Job loses everything: his children, his wealth, his livestock, his crops, his health and even the relationship of his wife and friends.

Why was Job blessed in the Bible? ›

Job regards his success to be the result of God's blessing. We are told that God has “blessed the work of Job's hands, and his possessions have increased in the land” (Job 1:10). Job's recognition that he owes everything to God's blessing is highlighted by an unusual detail.

How does the story of Job explain evil? ›

The Bible tells the story of a man called Job who is described as a good man who loves God. Satan challenges God, saying that Job is only good because he has a happy life. God allows Satan to put Job's faith to the test by causing him to suffer. First, Job loses his livestock, his servants and all his children.

What does the patience of Job mean? ›

idiom. the ability to remain patient and to do what you think you should do despite having many problems. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases.

What lessons can be learned from Job's friends? ›

Don't worry about what got them where they are, just make yourself available to them. There is no need to analyze and/or criticize every circ*mstance in life. Job's friends did not know what was going on between God and Satan, they did not need to know, they just needed to be there to offer support for their friend.

What is the theme of Job the purpose of? ›

The purpose of [the book of Job] is to explore God's policies with regard to suffering in the world, especially by the righteous or the innocent. In the process it seeks to revolutionize our thinking about God and the way that he runs the world.

How did Job persevere in the Bible? ›

How did Job persevere? He persevered the same way everyone perseveres through trials—by maintaining faith in God. Twice Satan predicted Job would curse God, and at one point Job's wife even told him to do so.

How did Job's friends explain his suffering? ›

They do not say a word. They support him, let him have his sadness and be there with him in his time of trial. But finally, they speak. They say it is his fault he has lost so much, because he has sinned.

What is the strength of Job Bible? ›

Strengths. Job was singled out by God as someone who "is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil." He performed sacrifices on behalf of his family in the event anyone inadvertently sinned.

Did Job in the Bible get sick? ›

The decision was made to call the disorder Job's syndrome, recalling the boils afflicted upon the biblical character Job as a test that emerged from an exchange between G-d and Satan. (2:7 So Satan went forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot even unto his crown.)

Why did God restore Job? ›

The Scripture passage demonstrates that God was after Job's innermost healing and restoration because He involved Job in the process of forgiving the errant counselors. Job had been badly injured by several of his best friends. Without God's intervention Job would long remember their hurtful words and misplaced blame.

Why did God speak to Job from a whirlwind? ›

Abstract: The significance of God's speaking through the voice from the whirlwind and Job's subsequent repentance has often been interpreted as a scolding by God for questioning divine providence and/or as the assertion of inscrutable mystery.

How did God show Job mercy? ›

First, God's Mercy Was Shown When He Blessed Job

God blessed Job with twice as much as he had before, and vindicated him before his family and friends (Job 42:10–11; see chapters 6 and 7). The Lord restored the fortunes of Job, when he had prayed for his friends. And the Lord gave Job twice as much as he had before.

What truth did Job say about God? ›

Job says that God “destroys the blameless and the guilty. When suddenly a scourge brings death, He mocks as the innocent fail.” It is indeed difficult to see why God would ultimately agree with such statements.

How many days did Job sit in silence? ›

When Job's friends came to check on him, they initially did exactly as they should have. They wept with him, refrained from voicing useless platitudes, and sat with him in his misery, in silence for seven days.

What did God tell Adam about work? ›

Genesis 2:15 – “The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.” God PUT Adam in the MOST beautiful / pleasurable place on earth! God did not only put Adam in the Garden to rest and enjoy creation, but also to work.

What is the faith of Job in the Bible? ›

In all of this, the Bible says, Job did not sin with his lips. Job was reduced to sitting amidst the rubble of his once-prosperous life. After the loss of everything he held worthwhile, he still proclaimed: “Though He [God] slay me, yet will I trust Him” (Job 13:15). He was declaring his complete trust in his God.

What book of Job does God speak to us in dreams? ›

Job 33. View May 21 at 6:00 p.m. MDT. Elihu says, God is greater than man, He speaks to man in dreams and visions, He ransoms those cast into the pit, and He delivers their souls and gives them life. 1 Wherefore, Job, I pray thee, hear my speeches, and hearken to all my words.

Was Job a good person in the Bible? ›

Job was a righteous man. As the author says on more than one occasion, he was “blameless and upright, a man who feared God and turned away from evil.” He was also a wealthy man. He had 7,000 sheep and 3,000 camels; he had 500 donkeys, 500 yoke of oxen; he had 7 sons, and 3 daughters.

Who was the wisest man in the Bible? ›

Solomon was the biblical king most famous for his wisdom. In 1 Kings he sacrificed to God, and God later appeared to him in a dream, asking what Solomon wanted from God.

Who was the richest disciple of Jesus? ›

Matthew 27 describes him simply as a rich man and disciple of Jesus, but according to Mark 15, Joseph of Arimathea was "a respected member of the council, who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God".

What are the four characteristics of job? ›

Previous research found that four job characteristics (autonomy, variety, identity, and feedback) could increase workers' performance, satisfaction, and attendance. Task significance was derived from Greg Oldham's own work experience as an assembly line worker.

What are the 5 job dimensions? ›

The five core job dimensions identified are autonomy, feedback, skill variety, task identity, and task significance. It is important to recognize the job characteristics and how they affect the employees' job satisfaction in an organization.

What are the three types of job characteristics? ›

Meaningfulness is characterised by three of the job characteristics discussed above: Skill variation, task identity and task importance.

What did God promise Job? ›

“Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him,” Job 13:15. And the Lord not only restored Job's fortunes, he restored them in abundance. This promise of abundance is found throughout the Bible.

What was Job's prayer to God? ›

1) Pray what's really on your mind and heart.

He said things like, “I will give free rein to my complaint and speak out in the bitterness of my soul” (Job 1:2, NIV). He prayed, “Stop frightening me with your terrors” (Job 13:21, NIV). He complained, “Surely, O God, you have worn me out” (Job 16:7, NIV).

Why did Job shave his head and tear his robe? ›

When all his children died and he also lost all his possessions, Job expressed his mental agony by tearing his garments (Job 1:20). Similarly, his three friends – Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar – did the same (Job 2:12) when they came to condole with him and observed that his body was full of sores.

What was Joseph Smith criticized for? ›

When a newspaper accused him of being a false prophet and practicing plural marriage, Smith and the Nauvoo government destroyed the newspaper and its presses. Critics said he had violated the First Amendment and also charged him with treason.

What did Joseph Smith say right before he died? ›

Trying to go out the window to deflect attention from the two survivors inside, Joseph Smith was hit in the chest and collarbone with two shots from the open doorway and two more from outside the window. His final words as he fell to the ground outside the jail were, "O Lord, my God!" (HC 6:618).

What did God reveal to Joseph Smith? ›

When Joseph Smith was 14 years old, he wanted to know which church he should join, so he asked God in sincere prayer. In response to this prayer, God the Father and His Son, Jesus Christ, appeared to Joseph and told him the true Church of Jesus Christ was not on the earth and They had chosen Joseph to restore it.

How did Job's story end? ›

The story ends with Job receiving his wealth back several fold, having another 10 children and living for another 140 years. Job's wife appears briefly in the Book but she is an interesting character which we shall return to later in the series.

What is the message of Job? ›

The book's theme is the eternal problem of unmerited suffering, and it is named after its central character, Job, who attempts to understand the sufferings that engulf him.

How many wives did Job have? ›

While the Wife of Job has a limited role in the biblical narrative, the apocryphal Divrei Lyov transforms her into a central character of the plot. Unique to the apocryphal account, Job is cited as having two wives, Uzit and Dinah, whereas the midrashic account has Job marrying only one woman.

What is the story of Job and his faith? ›

He lost his health, wealth, and children. His friends accused him and called into question his faith in God. Job's wife tried to persuade him to turn from the Lord when she said, “Curse God and die!” Job replied: “Shall we indeed accept good from God, and shall we not accept adversity” (Job 2:10).

What was Job's reward from God? ›

In the end, God restored all that Job had lost, and gave Job twice as much as he had before. The Lord blessed him with a long life, and with seven more sons, and three more daughters who were the most beautiful women in all the land!

How did Job suffer in the Bible? ›

Job, a righteous, God-fearing man, experienced severe trials and afflictions. Job lost all of his property, his children died, and he suffered great physical agony. In the midst of his suffering, Job was visited by three friends. Though Job's friends intended to comfort him, they accused him of transgression.

What is the theology of the Book of Job? ›

Job establishes his firm faith in God; since God is a righteous Judge, He will in the end pronounce the right judgement. At the last God vindicates Job of his innocence and justifies him by his faith. The wisdom poem shows that wisdom belongs to God.

What does the story of Job reveal to us about God? ›

Job represents the truth that innocent people suffer, but by the end of his story also shows that God is in control the entire time. God allowed Satan to attack Job spiritually, emotionally, and physically, but never to the point of death (Job 2:6). God remained in control.

What do we learn about God in the Book of Job? ›

Job understood that God was the source of his blessing. God has the sovereign right to bestow blessing on whomever he chooses. He also has the rightful authority to withhold blessing and bring calamity on whomever he chooses. However God ordains, he remains sovereign and worthy of worship.

What did Job prayed for? ›

Job repeatedly asked God to speak, praying things like, “Tell me what charges you have against me” (Job 1:2, NIV) and “Show me my offense” (Job 13:23, NIV). Those are dangerous prayers, of course, but too often in prayer we do all the talking.

Why was Job so important to God? ›

There is a reason, an important reason, that the Book of Job is in the Bible: because the authentic community of faith, in this case the Hebrew community of faith, acknowledges that innocent suffering does exist. Job represents innocent suffering.

What did Job repent to God for? ›

He had acted and moved based upon a paradigm of his own creation, but now desires to move based upon God's own revelation. His repentance is for the assumption that he had fully understood how God must act and respond in the case of his suffering.

What was Job's conclusion about God? ›

Job says that he is innocent, that he doesn't deserve God's punishment, and that God screwed up. God doesn't address any of these points.

What pain did Job have in the Bible? ›

So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD and afflicted Job with painful sores from the soles of his feet to the top of his head. Then Job took a piece of broken pottery and scraped himself with it as he sat among the ashes. His wife said to him, "Are you still holding on to your integrity? Curse God and die!"

When God speaks in the book of Job? ›

After being silent throughout the dialogues between Job and his friends, God finally speaks to Job out of the whirlwind. God does not answer their questions about Job's guilt or innocence, but rather speaks about the created order and contrasts what God can do with what humans are able to do.

Why is Job a book of wisdom? ›

In addition to Psalms and Proverbs, Job is also reckoned among the books that make up the Wisdom Literature of the Old Testament. This work provides critical insight into the nature of suffering and the sovereignty of God, and its instruction is vital for viewing our pain in a Lord-honoring manner.

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