IRS Issues Proposed Regulations on Trust and Estate Deductions (2024)

On Thursday, May 7th, the IRS issued proposed regulations addressing the ability of trusts and estates to deduct administrative expenses after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 eliminated miscellaneous deductions that are subject to a 2% adjusted gross income limitation through 2025. In general, the proposed regulations confirm that a trust or estate may still take a deduction for expenses that would not have been incurred if the property the expenses relate to were not held by a trust or estate. In addition, the proposed regulations confirmed that a trust or estate may still deduct the personal exemption allowed for estates and non-grantor trusts, and the distribution deduction for income that is distributed to beneficiaries of the trust or estate. The proposed rules are generally in line with the guidance that was previously published by the IRS in Notice 2018-61.

Miscellaneous Deductions
Prior to the enactment of the TCJA, individuals, trusts, and estates were allowed to deduct certain expenses described under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 67, to the extent that the total of these expenses exceeded 2% of the individual, trust, or estate’s adjusted gross income. Under these rules, administrative expenses of an estate or trust that would normally be subject to this 2% limitation were deductible in full so long as they were paid or incurred in connection with the administration of the estate or trust, and would not have been incurred if the property were not held in the trust or estate.

Over the years there has been significant litigation over what expenses are truly considered unique to a trust or estate, and thus are fully deductible. It is generally agreed that administration expenses of an estate (e.g. probate costs, appraisal fees, and storage fees) are considered unique expenses and are therefore deductible. In addition, fiduciary fees, accounting fees, legal fees, and tax return preparation fees have been recognized as fully deductible by trusts and estates. However, investment management fees and other expenses related to investment income have generally not been considered unique to a trust or estate and have therefore been subject to the 2% limitation.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and Notice 2018-61
The TCJA changed the rules relating to miscellaneous deductions and eliminated the ability of individuals, trusts, and estates to deduct expenses that are described under IRC § 67. As a result, it was not entirely clear whether expenses of a trust or estate that fell within the exception to the 2% limitation were also considered nondeductible under the TCJA. In response to this confusion, the IRS issued Notice 2018-61 which generally explained that these administrative expenses would still be deductible.

The Proposed Regulations
The proposed regulations confirm that administrative expenses of a trust or estate are not considered miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% limitation; and, therefore, are still deductible. In addition, the proposed regulations take the position that excess deductions – expenses in excess of a trust or estate’s income that are passed out to the beneficiaries on a final income tax return – retain the character of the specific expense. This means that a portion of the excess deduction may be an administrative expense that is deductible when computing adjusted gross income, a non-miscellaneous itemized deduction that is not subject to the 2% limitation, or a miscellaneous itemized deduction that is subject to the 2% limitation. The character and amount of the excess deductions is determined by allocating the deductions among the trust or estate’s income as provided under IRC § 652.

For example, assume an estate’s income and deductions in its final year are as follows: total income of $6,500, consisting of taxable interest of $500, dividends of $3,000, rental income of $2,000, and capital gain of $1,000, and total deductions of $17,500, consisting of probate fees of $1,500, estate tax preparation fees of $8,000, and legal fees of $4,500 (collectively, IRC § 67(e) deductions), and real estate taxes on the rental property of $3,500 (itemized deductions). There are two beneficiaries – A (75%) and B (25%).

According to the proposed regulations, the excess deductions are allocated under IRC § 652. Pursuant to those regulations, $2,000 of the real estate taxes is allocated to the $2,000 of rental income. Furthermore, assume that in his discretion allowed under the regulations, the executor allocates $4,500 of the IRC § 67(e) deductions to the remaining $4,500 of income. Therefore, the excess deductions on the termination of the estate are $11,000, consisting of $9,500 of IRC § 67(e) deductions (deductible when computing gross income) and $1,500 of itemized deductions (non-2% deductions). Beneficiary A will be allocated $7,125 of above-the-line deductions and $1,125 of itemized deductions, and beneficiary B will be allocated $2,375 of above-the-line deductions and $375 of itemized deductions.

Conclusion
While the proposed regulations provide much-needed clarity of deductions that are still allowable for trusts and estates, there are still some unanswered questions that the final regulations may address when they are eventually released. Please contact your HBK advisor to discuss what effect these proposed regulations may have on your tax situation.

IRS Issues Proposed Regulations on Trust and Estate Deductions (2024)

FAQs

IRS Issues Proposed Regulations on Trust and Estate Deductions? ›

The proposed regulations limit the deduction by an estate for funeral expenses, administration expenses and claims against the estate that are not paid, or expected to be paid, on or before the third anniversary of the decedent's date of death, to the present value of such deductible amount.

What is the proposed 2053 regulation? ›

Proposed 2053 Regulation: Deductible Interest Expense

Among them is whether the loan obligation is entered into by the executor with a lender who is not a substantial beneficiary of the decedent's estate or to any control by such a beneficiary.

What is the proposed regulation 113295 18? ›

The IRS published proposed regulations (REG-113295-18) on May 11, 2020, to clarify that certain deductions allowed to an estate or nongrantor trust are not miscellaneous itemized deductions and, thus, are unaffected by the suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions for tax years beginning after 2017 and before ...

What is proposed regulations Reg 130975 08? ›

In proposed regulations (REG-130975-08) under IRC Section 2053, the IRS provides guidance on the proper use of present-value principals in determining the amount an estate may deduct for funeral expenses, administration expenses and certain claims.

What is the 65 day rule for trusts in 2023? ›

What is the 65-Day Rule for estates and trusts? Any distribution by an estate or trust within the first 65 days of the tax year can be treated as having been made on the last day of the preceding tax year. This year, that date is March 6, 2023.

What is Regulation 1.465 66? ›

1.465-66 Transfers and dispositions; general rule. suspended under section 465(a). losses disallowed. losses disallowed with respect to transfers at death.

What is Regulation 1.162 15? ›

§ 1.162–15 Contributions, dues, etc.

No deduction is allowable under section 162(a) for a contribution or gift by an individual or a corporation if any part thereof is deductible under section 170.

What is Proposed Regulations 1.861 18? ›

Section 1.861-18(a)(3). The Proposed Regulations provide that the transfer of the “mere right” to publicly perform or display digital content for the purpose of advertising the sale of the digital content will not constitute a copyright right.

What is proposed Treasury Regulation 1.861 19? ›

1.861-19, which provides guidance, under certain (but not all) provisions of the Code, on the treatment of income from transactions involving on-demand network access to computing and other similar resources; and (ii) extend the computer program classification rules of Treas. Reg. sec.

What is Regulations 1.1502 13? ›

§ 1.1502-13 Intercompany transactions. (a) In general—(1) Purpose. This section provides rules for taking into account items of income, gain, deduction, and loss of members from intercompany transactions.

What is the proposed regulation 1.414 M? ›

Section 1.414(m)-1(a) of the proposed regulations provides: (a) In general. Section 414(m) provides rules that require, in some circ*mstances, employees of separate organizations to be treated as if they were employed by a single employer for purposes of certain employee benefit requirements.

What is proposed Regulation 1.1296 4? ›

Description of Proposed Rules for Foreign Banks. A. General Rule. Section 1.1296-4(a) of the proposed regulations provides generally that, for purposes of section 1296(a)(1), passive income does not include banking income earned by an active bank or by a qualified affiliate of such a bank.

What is the proposed regulations 118913 21? ›

The proposed regulations – REG-118913-21 – address certain situations in which an estate could be taxed on gifts made by a donor after 2017 and before a reduction in the basic exclusion amount (BEA), wherein the gifts were free of gift tax when made.

What is the 5 year rule for trusts? ›

The five-year rule stipulates that the beneficiary must take out the remaining balance over the five-year period following the owner's death. If the owner died after age 72, the payout rule applies.

What is the trust 3 year rule? ›

Premium Payment and the Three-Year Rule

If an insured pays premiums within three years of death for a policy that has been transferred more than three years prior to death, the payment of premiums will not cause any part of the policy proceeds to be included in the transferor/insured's estate.

What is the trust 10-year rule? ›

Under the 10-Year Rule, whether the Participant dies before or after their Required Beginning Date, their designated beneficiaries must withdraw the entire account by the end of the 10th year after the year of the employee's death.

What is Regulation 1.312 7? ›

(1) The gain or loss so realized increases or decreases the earnings and profits to, but not beyond, the extent to which such gain or loss was recognized in computing taxable income (or net income, as the case may be) under the law applicable to the year in which such sale or disposition was made.

What is Regulation 1.6655 4? ›

§ 1.6655-4 Large corporations. (a) Large corporation defined. The term large corporation means any corporation (or a predecessor corporation) that had taxable income of at least $1,000,000 for any taxable year during the testing period.

What is 1446 F regulation? ›

Under IRC section 1446(f)(1), a transferee of an interest in a partnership must withhold 10% of the amount realized on the disposition of an interest in a partnership if any portion of the gain (if any) on the disposition would be treated under IRC section 864(c)(8) as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade ...

What is Regulation 1.274 9? ›

§ 1.274–9 Entertainment provided to specified individuals. (a) In general. Paragraphs (e)(2) and (e)(9) of section 274 provide exceptions to the disallowance of section 274(a) for expenses for entertainment, amuse- ment, or recreation activities, or for an entertainment facility.

What is Regulation 1.248 1? ›

§ 1.248-1 Election to amortize organizational expenditures. (a) In general. Under section 248(a), a corporation may elect to amortize organizational expenditures as defined in section 248(b) and § 1.248–1(b).

What is Regulation 1.6655 5? ›

§ 1.6655-5 Short taxable year. (a) In general. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the provisions of section 6655 and these regulations are applicable in the case of a short taxable year (including an initial taxable year) for which a payment of estimated tax is required to be made.

What are the 861 regulations? ›

The section 861 regulations provide guidance for the allocation and apportionment of deductions in determining the taxable income of a taxpayer from specific sources and activities under sections of the Code, referred to as operative sections.

What is Regulation 1.861 14? ›

26 CFR § 1.861-14 - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of an affiliated group of corporations. § 1.861-14 Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of an affiliated group of corporations. (a)-(c) [Reserved].

What is Regulation 1.904 3? ›

§ 1.904(g)-3 Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses, and separate limitation losses, and for the recapture of separate limitation losses, overall foreign losses, and overall domestic losses.

What is proposed Treasury Regulation 1.117 6? ›

Proposed Income Tax Regulations § 1.117-6(d)(2), interpreting § 117(c), provides: PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. For purposes of this section, a scholarship or fellowship grant represents payment for services when the grantor requires the recipient to perform services in return for the granting of the scholarship or fellowship.

What is Treasury Regulation 1.245 A? ›

Treas. Reg. 1.245A-5 limits the amounts of DRD to the portion of the dividends received by Section 245A shareholder from an SFC that exceeds ineligible amounts. Section 245A shareholder is a domestic corporate U.S. shareholder of an SFC that directly or indirectly owns stock of the SFC.

What is Treasury Regulation 1.162 21? ›

§ 1.162-21 Denial of deduction for certain fines, penalties, and other amounts. (3) In relation to the violation, or investigation or inquiry by such government or governmental entity into the potential violation, of any civil or criminal law.

What is the Treasury Regulation 1.1502 33? ›

§ 1.1502-33 Earnings and profits. (a) In general—(1) Purpose. This section provides rules for adjusting the earnings and profits of a subsidiary (S) and any member (P) owning S's stock.

What is Regulation 1.832 4? ›

Section 1.832-4(a)(6)(i) of the Income Tax Regulations provides that an insurance company's liability for return premiums includes amounts previously included in an insurance company's gross premiums written, which are refundable to a policyholder or ceding company, provided that the amounts are fixed by the insurance ...

What is Regulation 1.1502 2? ›

§ 1.1502-2 Computation of tax liability.

Any increase in tax due to the recapture of a tax credit will be taken into account. See section 59A and the regulations thereunder for credits allowed against the tax described in paragraph (a)(9) of this section.

What is proposed Regulation 1.707 1? ›

(i) No deduction shall be allowed for a loss on a sale or exchange of property (other than an interest in the partnership, directly or indirectly, between a partnership and a partner who owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent of the capital interest or profits interest in such partnership.

What are 1.163 regulations? ›

§ 1.163-1 Interest deduction in general.

(b) Interest paid by the taxpayer on a mortgage upon real estate of which he is the legal or equitable owner, even though the taxpayer is not directly liable upon the bond or note secured by such mortgage, may be deducted as interest on his indebtedness.

What is Regulations 1.761 2? ›

26 CFR § 1.761-2 - Exclusion of certain unincorporated organizations from the application of all or part of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. § 1.761-2 Exclusion of certain unincorporated organizations from the application of all or part of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code.

What is proposed Regulation 1.1291 2? ›

Proposed Regulation § 1.1291-2. Taxation of distributions by section 1291 funds. is allocated ratably over the shareholder's holding period of the stock of the section 1291 fund. tax amount) on those portions of the excess distribution, as provided in § 1.1291-4.

What is Regulation 1.338 5? ›

§ 1.338-5 Adjusted grossed-up basis. (a) Scope. This section provides rules under section 338(b) to determine the adjusted grossed-up basis (AGUB) for target. AGUB is the amount for which new target is deemed to have purchased all of its assets in the deemed purchase under section 338(a)(2).

What is Regulation 1.954 4? ›

§ 1.954-4 Foreign base company services income. (2) Are performed outside the country under the laws of which the controlled foreign corporation is created or organized. (iv) Substantial assistance contributing to the performance of such services has been furnished by a related person or persons.

What is proposed regulations reg 118250 20? ›

Proposed regulations (REG-118250-20) also were issued that would extend the aggregate treatment of domestic partnerships to a "passive foreign investment company" (PFIC). These final and proposed regulations are relevant to any domestic partnership owning stock in a foreign corporation.

What is the 45 day rule trust? ›

When it comes to the 1031 exchange, what is the 45 day ID rule and why is it so important? Measured from when the relinquished property closes, the Exchangor has 45 DAYS to nominate (identify) potential replacement properties and 180 days to acquire the replacement property.

Why should IRA not be put in a trust? ›

Retirement accounts like an IRA, Roth IRA, 401K, 403b, 457 and the like don't belong in your trust. Placing any of these assets in your trust would mean that you're taking them out of your name to retitle them in the name of your trust. The impact this will have on your taxes can be disastrous.

What is the 65 day rule for complex trusts? ›

Section 663(b) of the U.S. tax code allows fiduciaries of estates and complex trusts to elect into what is informally known as the “65-day election.” The 65-day election gives fiduciaries an additional 65 days after the end of the fiscal year to make beneficiary distributions and still be able to report them on their ...

What is trust 7 year rule? ›

The 7 year rule

No tax is due on any gifts you give if you live for 7 years after giving them - unless the gift is part of a trust. This is known as the 7 year rule.

What are the trust 3 requirements? ›

The three certainties could be said to be 'a description of a set of conditions which, when fulfilled, exemplify the trust. ' For a trust to be properly constituted, it must consist of a minimum set of requirements: certainty of intention, certainty of subject matter and certainty of object.

What is the maximum length of time that a trust can last? ›

Under the California rule, a trust must terminate after 90 years. This does not replace the common law rule entirely, but rather complements it. The common law rule declares a trust gift valid if it vests within 21 years after the last surviving beneficiary's death.

What happens at the end of a trust period? ›

On the termination of the trust the trustees are under a duty to distribute the trust assets to the right beneficiaries. Failure to distribute to the correct beneficiary can subject the trustees to liability for breach of trust.

Does a trust have to distribute income every year? ›

Non-Grantor Trusts

Beneficiaries must report and pay taxes on income distributions. In return, the trust claims a tax deduction for the amount distributed. Non-grantor trusts are either simple or complex. All earned income in a simple trust must be distributed annually to a beneficiary or beneficiaries.

What happens in 21st year of trust? ›

What is the 21-year rule? Family trusts created during someone's lifetime are deemed to dispose of their property every 21 years. Although the trust is deemed to have disposed of property for tax purposes, an actual disposition typically does not occur.

What is the proposed regulation 20.2010 1 C 3? ›

20.2010-1(c)(3). Federal tax reform enacted in 2017 increased the basic exclusion amount (gift and estate tax exemption) from $5 million to $10 million (adjusted for inflation) for gifts made and decedents dying after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026.

What is IRC Regulations 20.2053 8? ›

The only expenses in administering property not subject to claims which are allowed as deductions are those occasioned by the decedent's death and incurred in settling the decedent's interest in the property or vesting good title to the property in the beneficiaries.

What are proposed 861 20 regulations? ›

861-20 provides rules for allocating and apportioning foreign income taxes to the statutory and residual groupings of income, including the Code Sec. 904 categories used to compute the foreign tax credit limitation.

What is the Treasury Regulation 20.2010 3? ›

§ 20.2010–3 Portability provisions applicable to the surviving spouse's estate. (a) Surviving spouse's estate limited to DSUE amount of last deceased spouse. (1) In general. (2) No DSUE amount available from last deceased spouse.

What is Treasury Regulations 1.165 8 A? ›

§ 1.165-8 Theft losses. (a) Allowance of deduction. (1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, any loss arising from theft is allowable as a deduction under section 165(a) for the taxable year in which the loss is sustained. See section 165(c)(3).

What is IRC 274 limitation? ›

Section 274(n)(1) generally limits the deduction of food or beverage expenses, including expenses for food or beverages consumed while away from home, to 50 percent of the amount that otherwise would have been allowable, unless one of the six exceptions to section 274(n) in section 274(e) applies.

What is IRC 263? ›

§263, Capital Expenditures: Overview

A taxpayer may deduct from gross income the ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on a trade or business that are paid or incurred during the tax year. However, a deduction is not permitted for any expenditure that is a capital expense.

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