How to Get a Minor's Injury Claim Approved in Alabama (2024)

When an adult is injured in Alabama, he or she can negotiate with the at-fault party in order to resolve the dispute. This negotiation is often handled by an attorney and results in a settlement agreement. The adult can sign that agreement, which then makes the settlement legally binding. When it comes to children who suffer injuries, the law takes a different approach. If your child was injured and you are wondering how the settlement will be handled, the attorneys of Hornsby, Watson, Hornsby & Heyward want you to understand your child’s rights and the general steps needed to approve and finalize their settlement.

Court Approval is Usually Required

It comes as a surprise to many that a court would need to be involved even in a minor injury claim. But the fact is, minors are not legally permitted to enter into contracts in Alabama. For this reason, someone else must do it on their behalf. This creates a unique legal relationship between the person entering into the settlement and the child.

What is a Pro Ami Lawsuit?

Pursuant to Alabama Code Sect. 6-5-390, when a child is injured, the child’s parents have an equal right to bring a claim on their behalf. In general, a child can disclaim the settlement upon reaching adulthood. This creates a bit of a challenge for defendants and insurance companies. They want to settle the case and pay, but they do not want to open the door to unlimited future liability if the child grows up and changes his or her mind or discovers the injuries were worse than expected.

Unlike a lawsuit over the actual injuries, these are considered friendly or amicable suits, where a parent or other guardian will petition the court to approve the pro ami settlement. Pro Ami simply means “for friend.” This is required in many situations involving young victims of motor vehicle accidents, slip and fall injuries, or other injuries that might involve a child.

When is a Minor Settlement Required to Go Before a Court?

Not all settlements require court approval. In Alabama, settlements and verdicts that exceed $5,000 must be approved through a court process. Smaller minor claims can be handled through claims limitations forms and other attorney-drafted agreements. If the settlement offer is greater than $5,000, then you will almost certainly need to get court approval.

While you may be a wonderful parent, there are those who would accept a quick and unreasonable settlement, only to steal the money from the child and use it for personal purposes. Alabama courts are aware of this sad reality, so they have mechanisms in place to prevent it.

What Happens in Court?

If the case must be approved through a pro ami case, here is what will happen. First, an attorney will help you determine which parent will act on behalf of the child for the purpose of bringing the case. Next, the court will set a hearing to determine whether the settlement is fair in light of the injuries and other factors. This type of hearing can feel a bit paternalistic, meaning the court is taking a protective stance to make sure the child’s best interests are being put first. To ensure this, a guardian ad litem (GAL) is often appointed. Much like a GAL in a family court case, this type of GAL is appointed to be the eyes and ears of the court to advise the judge as to any issues or concerns that may interfere with the minor getting justice. Indeed, just about everything is subject to the judge’s approval.

At the hearing, a judge can:

  • Determine the settlement is fair or unfair
  • Adjudicate attorney fees or expenses
  • Reduce or adjudicate liens
  • Address healthcare provider bills or insurance liens

Who Handles the Pro Ami Case for a Minor?

In a pro ami proceeding, there are several key players:

  • The injured child
  • The parent or other relative acting on child’s behalf
  • The attorney
  • The GAL
  • The judge

Minor cases can present several challenges that some attorneys prefer not to handle. This is why it is important to hire an Alabama personal injury firm that can help you and your child recover maximum compensation, while navigating the landmines and obstacles of getting the settlement or verdict approved in court. If you have questions about this process or need a lawyer to represent your child due to a serious injury, call Hornsby, Watson, Hornsby & Heyward today. We always offer free consultations, so call today to discuss your case risk free.

How to Get a Minor's Injury Claim Approved in Alabama (2024)

FAQs

Can I gain access to my child's settlement money in Alabama? ›

Who Can Access a Child's Settlement Money? If a child's settlement award is less than $10,000, it can be received directly by the child's parents. Settlements are legal property of the minor, and they are often awarded under a set of specific provisions that determine how the money should be spent.

Can a minor be sued in Alabama? ›

Lawsuits involving minors must be pursued by the appropriate parent or guardian. In Alabama, married parents have equal rights to file the lawsuit on their child's behalf. When parents are not married, typically the one with legal custody has that right. A legal guardian can also file a lawsuit for a child.

Can child support take my personal injury settlement in Alabama? ›

A personal injury settlement is compensation that is awarded for economic and non-economic losses. It is not intended to be used to pay child support.

Can a minor be sued for a car accident in Alabama? ›

Because children can't file lawsuits on their own, an adult must do so. The question becomes which adults can sue on the child's behalf. The answer is not as obvious as it might seem. Under Alabama law, if the injured child's parents are married, either parent can file a lawsuit.

What is a structured settlement for a minor? ›

Structured settlements are financial arrangements that protect money that has been offered to a minor as compensation for personal injury and wrongful death cases. This money ensures regular, tax-free payments for a child's future.

Does Alabama have a statute of limitations on child support? ›

Alabama has a statute of limitations for collecting child support payments that are past due. A statute of limitations places a time limit on when the custodial parent can collect payments from the non-custodial parent. In Alabama, this is 20 years.

What is the rule 17 in the Alabama civil Procedure? ›

Designation of bailiff; punishment for contempt. The Court may punish breaches of order and unprofessional conduct on the part of counsel, or any other person, by censure, exclusion from the hearing, if appropriate, or by punishment for contempt as in civil proceedings.

What is the code 6 5 380 in Alabama? ›

Section 6-5-380 makes the parent or guardian liable for the "injury to, or destruction of" someone else's property—real or personal property—caused by the intentional, willful, or malicious act or acts of the minor.

What is the code 6 5 390 in Alabama? ›

6-5-390, when a child is injured, the child's parents have an equal right to bring a claim on their behalf. In general, a child can disclaim the settlement upon reaching adulthood.

Can my mom take my settlement money? ›

Parents may be entitled to a portion of settlement funds, if they are expressly included in the settlement. For example, a settlement may designate certain funds as reimbursem*nt for medical expenses incurred. In this instance, those funds could be repaid to the parents are payment for medical expenses they paid.

How much back child support is a felony in Alabama? ›

DEADBEAT PARENTS PUNISHMENT ACT

A parent can be charged with a crime under the Act if he or she travels or moves to another state to avoid child support payments and in doing so fails to make child support payments for more than one year or accrues child support arrearages of more than $5,000.

Can you sue for back child support in Alabama? ›

Retroactive or “back” support can only be ordered for the two years before the court action begins. The process of getting a court to order support is called establishment. The court uses statewide guidelines to make fair and consistent support orders.

How long do you have to sue someone for a car accident in Alabama? ›

Alabama's Statute of Limitations for Car Accidents

A claim must be filed within two years of the accident, starting when the accident happened. If you wait too long and the statute expires, you will be unable to move forward with your claim and barred from recovering compensation.

Are minors liable for their torts? ›

A minor is responsible for his or her own torts. However, the court will often apply a more lenient standard. In determining tort liability for children, there are special rules, usually based on the age of the minor. Historically, there was a bright-line test based on the child's age.

What is the statute of guardian ad litem in Alabama? ›

The guardian ad litem, when appropriate to represent the best interests of the child, shall file petitions, motions, responses, or objections. See Alabama Code section §12-15-304(b)(4). The juvenile court shall assure that the guardian ad litem maintains independent representation of the best interests of the child.

How long does it take to get money from a structured settlement? ›

The entire process of selling your structured settlement payments takes 45 to 60 days. Sometimes that's too long when a serious financial crisis is looming. That's where a cash advance comes in. If you need money more quickly, you can get a cash advance of up to $1,000 in a matter of days.

Do you receive regular payments from a structured settlement? ›

A structured settlement is a type of financial arrangement in which an individual or family receives periodic payments over time, instead of a lump sum payment.

Should I take a lump sum or structured settlement? ›

Structured settlements have huge tax benefits.

Settlements paid in a workers' compensation case are not taxed. If, however, you take a large settlement in a lump sum and invest the money on your own, all of the earnings on the money are taxed.

What is Rule 32 in Alabama for child support? ›

Rule 32 was amended effective June 1, 2023, to provide a method of calculating child support in cases in which a court order provides for shared 50% physical custody, i.e., when each parent retains physical custody of a child 50% (or approximately 50%) of the time.

How is Alabama child support determined? ›

A total child-support obligation is determined by adding the basic child-support obligation, work-related child- care costs, and health-care-coverage costs. The total child-support obligation shall be divided between the parents in proportion to their adjusted gross incomes.

What is average child support in Alabama? ›

Alabama's was $758 a month, the 24th highest. The totals reflect how much a state presumes the non-custodial parent should pay but judges do have the discretion to award different amounts. And, in some cases, parents decide together how much support will be exchanged.

What is rule 33 in civil procedure in Alabama? ›

33(c)] allows a responding party to substitute access to documents or electronically stored information for an answer only if the burden of deriving the answer will be substantially the same for either party. Rule 33(d) [Ala. R.

What is rule 52 in Alabama Rules of civil Procedure? ›

Rule 52 attaches a presumption to the findings of a master to the extent that the trial court has adopted them. Under present Alabama practice, de novo appellate review is available when evidence has been taken before a commissioner.

What is rule 8 in Alabama civil procedure? ›

Rule 8(b) is intended to inform a pleader how to challenge and place in issue some or all of the allegations in the preceding pleading. Whether answering or replying a responding pleader is to admit or deny the averment upon which the adverse party relies.

What is Alabama Code 15 13 3? ›

(1) In accordance with § 15-13-3(a), Ala. Code 1975, a defendant charged with capital murder is not eligible for bail if the court is of the opinion, on the evidence adduced, that he or she is guilty of the offense.

What is Alabama Code 13A 13 3? ›

Section 13A-13-3 - Incest (a) A person commits incest if he marries or engages in sexual intercourse with a person he knows to be, either legitimately or illegitimately: (1) His ancestor or descendant by blood or adoption; or (2) His brother or sister of the whole or half-blood or by adoption; or (3) His stepchild or ...

What is Alabama Code 13A 13 4? ›

Section 13A-13-4 - Nonsupport (a) A man or woman commits the crime of nonsupport if he or she intentionally fails to provide support which that person is able to provide and which that person knows he or she is legally obligated to provide to a dependent spouse or child less than 19 years of age.

What is Alabama Code 13A 13 6? ›

A person commits the crime of endangering the welfare of a child if he/she knowingly directs or authorizes a child less than 16 years of age to engage in an occupation involving a substantial risk of danger to his/her life or health.

What is Alabama Code 13A 7 6? ›

A person commits the crime of burglary in the second degree if he/she unlawfully enters a lawfully occupied dwelling-house with intent to commit a theft or a felony therein.

What is Alabama Code 13A 13 5? ›

A person commits the crime of abandonment of a child if he/she is a parent, guardian or other person legally charged with the care or custody of a child less than 18 years old, and he/she deserts such child in any place with intent wholly to abandon it.

Can a parent take their child's money? ›

It's not illegal to take money from your kids in most cases, although, of course, there are exceptions, like if the child's money is in a specific trust and you abuse the funds.

Is settlement money considered income? ›

If you're involved in a lawsuit in California, you may be wondering whether any settlement or award you receive is taxable. The good news is that, in most cases, personal injury settlements are not taxable in California.

Can my parents take away something I bought with my own money? ›

It would be theft, assuming that possession of the said item is legal in the first place. If the parents disapprove of the said item, they could ask the child to leave their home (and ask the child to take the item with him/her) but they may not take the item.

How much is child support for 1 kid in Alabama? ›

The court estimates that the cost of raising one child is $1,000 a month. The non-custodial parent's income is 66.6% of the parent's total combined income. Therefore, the non-custodial parent pays $666 per month in child support, or 66.6% of the total child support obligation.

What court handles child support in Alabama? ›

Alabama Administrative Office of Courts.

Does Alabama enforce out of state child support? ›

An order for child support can be registered and enforced in any appropriate state, but only one state at a time has the power to issue or modify an order. Registering an order doesn't mean that the court has the power to change the order, but the order must be registered before the court can change it.

Can a parent take money from their child? ›

It's not illegal to take money from your kids in most cases, although, of course, there are exceptions, like if the child's money is in a specific trust and you abuse the funds.

Can parents sue their children for money? ›

You can bring a civil case against a minor. If the minor is “emancipated," you sue them in their own right. If the minor is not emancipated, you sue them through their legal representative. If they don't have a legal representative, a court can appoint one.

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