Does Your Wealth Put You Into the Middle Class? (2024)

Does Your Wealth Put You Into the Middle Class? (1)

The middle class is a reflection of household economic resources, measured by either income or wealth. Many expert sources use income to define the middle class. For example, the Pew Research Center defines middle-class households as those earning between two-thirds and two times the U.S. median household income. That’s between $45,014 and $134,502, using the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 median income of $67,521.

Using income to define the middle class has one significant drawback: It doesn’t account for the assets a household has, such as real estate or investments. For example, many retired households have a high net worth but a modest household income. They don’t need a high income, because their homes and cars are often paid off, and they don’t need to save for retirement.

Key Takeaways

  • Net worth equals your owned assets minus your debt.
  • The average net worth of the American middle class is between $43,760 and $201,800
  • Age and educational level tend to contribute to wealth

How Is Net Worth Calculated?

Net worth is a measurement of wealth: It is the total of all the assets a household owns minus all the debt it owes.

Typical assets include:

  • Net home equity, which is your home's resale value minus mortgages and selling costs
  • Your car or truck’s resale value minus its outstanding loan value
  • Financial assets, such as retirement account, savings, and cash
  • The resale value of household items such as consumer electronics, jewelry, or art

Household debt includes large amounts like mortgages, auto loans, and student loans. It also includes medical debt and outstanding credit card debt.

How Is the Average Middle-Class Net Worth Calculated?

Several government agencies calculate and report on net worth. To understand these reports, you first need to understand what averages and quintiles mean.

Averages

As a practical matter, there are two types of “averages”: the median and the mean.

  • The median is the middle point in a range of statistics, sorted in order. For example, in the list of numbers 8, 10, 13, 20, 40, the median is the number 13 because it’s exactly in the middle of the five figures.
  • The mean is determined by adding up the data set and dividing it by the number of statistics in it. For the same range, the mean is (8+10+13+20+40) / 5 = 91 / 5 = 18.2. This is the number we usually think of when we say “average.”

For U.S. wealth, the mean, or average, gives an inflated figure because of the concentration of wealth at the top of the range. As a result, the median provides a better sense of the actual American “average” than the mean does.

According to U.S. Census data, the average net worth for U.S. households in 2019 (latest data available) was $445,900. The median net worth was $118,200. That’s a pretty big difference, and it shows how the concentration of wealth among the richest households can skew the mean.

Quintiles

The U.S. Census Bureau uses quintiles to further dive into the nation’s net worth. A quintile is one-fifth of a group, just like a quartile is one-fourth of a group. Dividing Americans into five income groups allows a more detailed look at the middle class.

Note

The bottom wealth quintile is the division with the lowest net worth. The top wealth quintile is the richest 20% of households.

The bottom quintile tends to include younger households and those without much education. Younger groups have not really had a chance to accumulate wealth, and there is a positive correlation between levels of education and levels of wealth. The top quintile typically has a higher percentage of older households and those with the most education.

The middle class is often defined as the middle three quintiles. Some further classify this group as lower-middle class, middle class, and upper-middle class. The table below shows the median net worth for these quintiles:

QuintileDefinitionMedian Net Worth
Bottom 20%Poverty Class$6,030
Next 20%Lower-Middle Class$43,760
Middle 20%Middle Class$104,700
Next 20%Upper-Middle Class$201,800
Top 20%Wealthy$608,900

Note

If your net worth is between $43,760 and $201,800, you are in the middle class.

Average Net Worth by Age

Net worth increases by age, because households accumulate assets over time, including property, cars or other vehicles, and retirement savings. As the table below shows, wealth reaches a peak at retirement age and then declines as retirees spend down their assets.

Here’s a comparison of the median and mean net worth by age group:

Age BracketMedian Net WorthMean Net Worth
Younger than 35$15,700$98,220
35-44$83,150$282,100
45-54$139,200$467,500
55-64$203,900$582,700
65-69$266,400$690,800
70-74$305,100$738,600
75+$249,500$633,400

This comparison shows how the mean is much higher, regardless of age. Again, that’s due to the concentration of wealth in the richest households.

Average Net Worth by Education

Education is highly correlated with net worth, as shown in the table below. Those without a high-school diploma only own about $5,090 in median net assets. A high-school diploma boosts that to $40,560. A bachelor’s degree quintuples that wealth to $196,800. An advanced degree doubles that to $408,700. The mean is given in the table below for comparison.

EducationMedian Net WorthMean Net Worth
No High-School Diploma$5,090$86,360
High-School Graduate$40,560$206,000
Some College$59,700$265,500
Associate’s Degree$110,300$305,800
Bachelor’s Degree$196,800$554,100
Graduate/Professional Degree$408,700$864,300

A Federal Reserve study found that education can help create wealth in three ways:

  1. The head-start effect: Families headed by college-educated parents are often in a position to earn more than those without college degrees, potentially giving these children a head start in life as they're more likely to have access to better-performing school districts, private schools, and tutors.
  2. The upward-mobility effect: When a child born into a family without a college degree earns their diploma, they can improve their economic standing substantially. Such a family is likely to rise 23% in income percentile ranking relative to where they'd be without a degree.
  3. The downward-mobility effect: This occurs when the children of parents who earned a degree don't earn a college degree themselves. Statistically, they drag down their wealth by 18 percentiles.

Racial Disparities and the Wealth Gap

Racial wealth disparities are most pronounced between White and Asian households, and Black, Latino, and Native-American households.

The median net worth for White households is $150,300, while for Asian households it's $206,400. For Black households, it’s $14,100. The net worth for Hispanic households is $31,700. For all others, it’s $37,850.

The racial wealth gap also exists among Black people who are highly educated and come from two-parent homes. In a 2013 study by the Economic Policy Institute, the median wealth of Black families with graduate or professional degrees was $200,000 less than that of similarly educated White families.

Note

Black or Latino college graduates tend to have disproportionately less wealth than White high-school dropouts.

Similarly, two-parent Black households tend to have less wealth than single-parent White households.

A McKinsey study found that this achievement gap has cost the U.S. economy more than all recessions. If there had been no achievement gap in the years between 1998 and 2008, U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) would have been $525 billion higher in 2008. Similarly, if low-income students had the same educational achievement as their wealthier peers over that same period, they would have added $670 billion in GDP.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What does "middle class" mean?

There is no single definition of the middle class. Income, net worth, education, and occupational status all contribute to someone's wealth and sense of financial security. Ultimately, members of the middle class tend to have a modest sense of financial freedom but still must rely on things like their ongoing earning potential and sources of credit to cover life's major expenses or to purchase significant assets.

How many Americans are middle class?

Roughly 51% of Americans are considered middle class, according to a 2018 Pew Research Center analysis.

What does "net worth" mean?

Your net worth is one important measurement of your financial health. Because it measures the difference between what you own and what you still owe, it reveals important information about your ability to pay off your debts and have assets available for long-term living expenses, retirement, and your estate. The greater your net worth, the more financial freedom you are likely to experience.

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Sources

The Balance uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

  1. Pew Research Center. "America’s Shrinking Middle Class: A Close Look at Changes Within Metropolitan Areas."

  2. United States Census Bureau. "Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020."

  3. U.S. Census Bureau. "Wealth, Asset Ownership, and Debt of Households Detailed Tables: 2019." Download Excel Spreadsheet "Wealth and Asset Ownership," Table 5.

  4. U.S. Census Bureau. "Wealth, Asset Ownership, and Debt of Households Detailed Tables: 2019." Download Excel Spreadsheet. "Wealth and Asset Ownership," Table 1.

  5. St. Louis Federal Reserve. "Education, Income, and Wealth."

  6. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. "The Financial Returns from College Across Generations: Large but Unequal."

  7. Economic Policy Institute. "The Racial Wealth Gap: How African-Americans Have Been Shortchanged Out of the Materials to Build Wealth."

  8. Demos. "The Asset Value of Whiteness: Understanding the Racial Wealth Gap."

  9. McKinsey and Company. "The Economic Cost of the U.S. Education Gap."

  10. Pew Research Center. "Are You in the American Middle Class? Find out With Our Income Calculator."

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Racial Wealth Gap in the United StatesWhat Is Middle-Class Income?What Is the Average Millennial Income?Which States Are the Richest, Poorest, and Have the Best EconomiesWhat Is Economic Mobility? What Does Income Inequality Look Like in the US?What Is an Ultra-High-Net-Worth Individual (UHNWI)?Do Roth IRAs Work as They Should? Not Exactly
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Does Your Wealth Put You Into the Middle Class? (2024)

FAQs

Does Your Wealth Put You Into the Middle Class? ›

Many have graduate degrees with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly exceed $100,000, with some smaller one-income earners household having incomes in the high 5-figure range.

How much wealth do you need to be middle class? ›

Range of household incomes needed to be considered middle class, by family size
StateSingleCouple
California$29,851 – $89,552$42,215 – $126,646
Colorado$26,876 – $80,629$38,009 – $114,026
Connecticut$28,364 – $85,091$40,112 – $120,336
Delaware$26,146 – $78,437$36,975 – $110,926
48 more rows

How much wealth do you need to be upper middle class? ›

Many have graduate degrees with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly exceed $100,000, with some smaller one-income earners household having incomes in the high 5-figure range.

Is 120k a year middle class? ›

The Pew Research Center found the middle class has been shrinking for the last 50 years and reports more Americans have entered either the upper or lower income brackets. The study defines "middle class" as earning between $47,000 to $141,000 a year.

Is $300,000 middle class? ›

Earning $300,000 a year is still considered middle class in this U.S. city—it's not New York or LA. Around half the American population is considered middle class, according to the most recent Pew Research data. But being middle class looks different depending on where you are.

Is $40 000 a year middle class? ›

Is $40,000 a year considered middle class? According to Pew Research, a middle-class family of three makes between $56,000 and $156,000. Families of that size who bring in $40,000 a year would not be considered middle class. However, an individual making $40,000 a year would likely qualify as middle class.

Is $50000 a year middle class? ›

What Is A Middle-Class Income? Statisticians say middle class is a household income between $25,000 and $100,000 a year. Anything above $100,000 is deemed “upper middle class”.

Is $2 million a lot of money? ›

Being rich currently means having a net worth of about $2.2 million. However, this number fluctuates over time, and you can measure wealth according to your financial priorities. As a result, healthy financial habits, like spending less than you make, are critical to becoming wealthy, no matter your definition.

What net worth is considered poor? ›

In 2020, a two-adult, two-child household was considered poor if the total household income was less than $26,246 (U.S. Census Bureau 2021). The same household would be net worth poor if its net worth was less than $6,562.

What net worth puts you in the upper class? ›

You might need $5 million to $10 million to qualify as having a very high net worth while it may take $30 million or more to be considered ultra-high net worth. That's how financial advisors typically view wealth.

Is a 500k house middle class? ›

Home Costs, Worth and Mortgage Are Substantial Indicators

“The most obvious marker of someone who's middle class is if the majority of their net worth is tied up in their home. In other words, if you're worth $500,000 and your home constitutes $450,000 of that, you're middle class.”

What salary is considered wealthy? ›

Based on that figure, an annual income of $500,000 or more would make you rich. The Economic Policy Institute uses a different baseline to determine who constitutes the top 1% and the top 5%. For 2021, you're in the top 1% if you earn $819,324 or more each year. The top 5% of income earners make $335,891 per year.

Is 200k salary middle class? ›

If you had an income of $200,000, that would put you in the top 10% of household incomes or the top 5% of individual incomes in 2021. Though I prefer household income over individual income, no matter how you cut it, $200k a year puts you on the higher end of the income spectrum.

Can I afford a $300 K house on a $70 K salary? ›

On a $70,000 income, you'll likely be able to afford a home that costs $280,000–380,000. The exact amount will depend on how much debt you have and where you live — as well as the type of home loan you get.

What is the ideal income for a family of 4? ›

So the ideal income for an American family of four, for instance, would be $210,000. Earn any higher than this threshold, though, and the researchers found you might actually experience lower overall satisfaction. Jebb asserts that higher income is often associated with larger workloads and less free time.

Am I rich if I make 300k a year? ›

$300,000 Feels Like A Middle-Class Income

Psychologically, earning $300,000 feels OK because it puts the household in the top 10% of household income earners. But making $300,000 feels like a middle-class income due to how little cash flow is left. A household needs to earn $470,000+ to be in the top 1% in 2022-2023.

Is 75k a year poor? ›

Here's an explanation for how we make money . If you're earning $75,000 each year, you're doing a bit better than half the country. According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the median household income in 2021 stood at $70,784, so that extra $4,216 puts you in the upper 50 percent of earners.

Is making $4,000 a month good? ›

Making $4,000 a month in extra income is no joke. After all, this equals $48,000 per year, which is more than the average annual income in many places around the world. Maybe you're looking for a replacement to your day job. Or, maybe you just want to try some different side hustles to boost your monthly income by 4K.

Is 150k a good salary for a family? ›

Earning $150,000 puts you well above the average salary in the U.S — over double the median income, in fact, according to Census data. With this salary, you can likely afford a bigger home than most, and likely in a more desirable location.

Is $80000 a good salary for a single person? ›

No matter where you live, 80K is considered to be a pretty good salary for most people. This puts you in the higher middle-class range of people who are earning no matter where you live in the US. What is this?

What class is 150k a year? ›

Across the entire country, that range is between $47,189 and $141,568, based on Census Bureau income data. But $150,000 is still a middle-class income by Pew's definition in nearly half of the country's 50 most-populated metropolitan areas, where incomes tend to be high.

Is 170K a good salary? ›

A $170K household income in the United States will put you in the top 20% of earners, or what many would consider “rich.” At the end of the day, peace of mind is more about what you do with that money than your income level or net worth.

Can I retire at 60 with $3 million dollars? ›

Yes, you can retire at 60 with three million dollars. At age 60, an annuity will provide a guaranteed income of $183,000 annually, starting immediately for the rest of the insured's lifetime.

Can I retire at 45 with $3 million dollars? ›

You can probably retire in financial comfort at age 45 if you have $3 million in savings. Although it's much younger than most people retire, that much money can likely generate adequate income for as long as you live.

Is $5 million enough to retire at 55? ›

With $5 million you can plan on retiring early almost anywhere. While you should be more careful with your money in extremely high-cost areas, this size nest egg can generate more than $100,000 per year of income. That should be more than enough to live comfortably on starting at age 55.

Does net worth include home? ›

However, one measure that many overlook is net worth. Your net worth represents how much wealth you have, measured by assets like a house, cars, 401(k), jewelry or cash in the bank, minus the debt obligations you have, or what you owe.

Does net worth include 401k? ›

Should your 401(k) be included in your net worth? Yes. The value of your 401(k) account is a part of your net worth and should be included in your net worth. Like anything else of financial value, the vested balance of your 401(k) account — or any retirement account, for that matter — is considered an asset.

How much money does the average American have in their bank account? ›

In terms of median values, the 2019 figure of $5,300 is 10.65% higher than the 2016 median balance of $4,790. Transaction accounts provide account owners with immediate access to cash. They include savings, checking, money market, prepaid debit cards and call accounts.

How many people have $3,000,000 in savings? ›

1,821,745 Households in the United States Have Investment Portfolios Worth $3,000,000 or More.

What percentage of US population has $3 million dollars? ›

What percentage of the U.S. population has $3 million dollars? According to The Kickass Entrepreneur, there are about 5,671,000 households in the U.S. that have a net worth of $3 million or more. This represents 4.41% of all U.S. households.

What percentage of Americans have a net worth of over $1000000? ›

There are 5.3 million millionaires and 770 billionaires living in the United States. Millionaires make up about 2% of the U.S. adult population. While an ultra-high net worth will be out of reach for most, you can amass $1 million by managing money well and investing regularly.

How much should my house cost if I make $70,000 a year? ›

If you're an aspiring homeowner, you may be asking yourself, “I make $70,000 a year: how much house can I afford?” If you make $70K a year, you can likely afford a home between $290,000 and $360,000*. That's a monthly house payment between $2,000 and $2,500 a month, depending on your personal finances.

Is 180k a year middle class? ›

Earning as much as $180k would still put someone in the “Middle Class” in some parts of the state. Reform California breaks down the reasons why the state is so unaffordable and how to fix it.

How much does the average American make? ›

The Takeaway

The average annual average salary in the U.S. is $60,575. The median annual salary, which is often less skewed by outlying numbers, is $56,420. It's worth noting that average and median salaries vary quite a bit by state.

Do 90% of millionaires make over 100k a year? ›

Choose the right career

And one crucial detail to note: Millionaire status doesn't equal a sky-high salary. “Only 31% averaged $100,000 a year over the course of their career,” the study found, “and one-third never made six figures in any single working year of their career.”

What percentage of Americans make over $100000 a year? ›

In the U.S. 18% of individuals earn more than $100,000, according to Zippia, a career advising company, and like the cost of living, income varies greatly between cities and states.

What percentage of Americans make $90000? ›

Percent by Household
Annual Household Income% of Americans Earning More
$90,000 to $94,99922.20%
$95,000 to $99,99920.42%
$100,000 to $104,99918.31%
$105,000 to $109,99916.82%
38 more rows
Oct 27, 2011

How many Americans make over 150k? ›

Approximately 33.6% of Americans make over $100,000 per year. 15.3% of that number are those who make between $100,000-$150,000, and only 0.1% make over a million per year.

Is $100 000 a year rich? ›

Earning more than $100,000 per year would put you well ahead of the median American household, which brings in $74,784 as of 2021. Assuming you're an individual without dependents, that salary would qualify you as upper class, according to three different definitions (Brookings, Urban Institute and Pew Research).

What percent of Americans make over 150k? ›

Percentage distribution of household income in the United States in 2021
Annual household income in U.S. dollarsPercentage of U.S. households
75,000 to 99,99911.9%
100,000 to 149,99915.9%
150,000 to 199,9998.3%
200,000 and over11.6%
5 more rows
Sep 30, 2022

How much do you have to make a year to afford a $400000 house? ›

Assuming a 30-year fixed conventional mortgage and a 20 percent down payment of $80,000, with a high 6.88 percent interest rate, borrowers must earn a minimum of $105,864 each year to afford a home priced at $400,000. Based on these numbers, your monthly mortgage payment would be around $2,470.

How much income do you need to buy a $650000 house? ›

To determine whether you can afford a $650,000 home you will need to consider the following 4 factors. Based on the current average for a down payment, and the current U.S. average interest rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage you would need to be earning $126,479 per year before taxes to be able to afford a $650,000 home.

Can I afford a 500k house on 100K salary? ›

A 100K salary means you can afford a $350,000 to $500,000 house, assuming you stick with the 28% rule that most experts recommend. This would mean you would spend around $2,300 per month on your house and have a down payment of 5% to 20%.

Is $2000 a month good for a single person? ›

Yes, it is possible to live on $2000 a month. But, it depends on several factors such as the cost of living in your area, your lifestyle, and expenses. High expenses, such as supporting dependents, paying for medical bills, or living in an expensive city, can make it difficult to live on $2000 a month.

What does the average American make a month? ›

American Salary
Annual SalaryMonthly Pay
Top Earners$105,000$8,750
75th Percentile$68,500$5,708
Average$58,563$4,880
25th Percentile$33,000$2,750

What is a middle class lifestyle? ›

Middle class families tend to own their own home (although with a mortgage), own a car (although with a loan or lease), send their kids to college (although with student loans or scholarships), are saving for retirement, and have enough disposable savings to afford certain luxuries like dining out and vacations.

What monthly salary is considered rich? ›

With a $500,000+ income, you are considered rich, wherever you live! According to the IRS, any household who makes over $500,000 a year in 2023 is considered a top 1% income earner. Of course, some parts of the country require a higher income level to be in the top 1% income, e.g. Connecticut at $580,000.

What percent of Americans make over 400k? ›

According to the IRS, a $400,000 or more annual household income represents America's top 1.8% income-earners.

What salary is middle class? ›

Pew draws on the same formula used in the SmartAsset report, defining the middle class as those with incomes between two-thirds and twice the national median income. That works out to a national salary range of roughly $52,000 to $156,000 in 2020 dollars for a three-person household.

Is $150 000 middle class? ›

Across the entire country, that range is between $47,189 and $141,568, based on Census Bureau income data. But $150,000 is still a middle-class income by Pew's definition in nearly half of the country's 50 most-populated metropolitan areas, where incomes tend to be high.

What net worth is needed to be wealthy? ›

You might need $5 million to $10 million to qualify as having a very high net worth while it may take $30 million or more to be considered ultra-high net worth. That's how financial advisors typically view wealth.

What salary is upper class? ›

What Is Middle-Class Income?
Income groupIncome
Low incomeLess than $52,200
Middle income$52,200 - $156,600
Upper incomeMore than $156,600

Is 500k a year upper middle class? ›

With a $500,000+ income, you are considered rich, wherever you live! According to the IRS, any household who makes over $500,000 a year in 2023 is considered a top 1% income earner. Of course, some parts of the country require a higher income level to be in the top 1% income, e.g. Connecticut at $580,000.

Is 200k a year rich? ›

If you had an income of $200,000, that would put you in the top 10% of household incomes or the top 5% of individual incomes in 2021. Though I prefer household income over individual income, no matter how you cut it, $200k a year puts you on the higher end of the income spectrum.

Is $2 million enough to retire at 60? ›

Yes, for some people, $2 million should be more than enough to retire. For others, $2 million may not even scratch the surface. The answer depends on your personal situation and there are lot of challenges you'll face. As of 2023, it seems the number of obstacles to a successful retirement continues to grow.

How much is rich by age? ›

Between 35 to 44, the average net worth is $436,200, while between 45 to 54 that number increases to $833,200. Average net worth cracks the $1 million mark between 55 to 64, reaching $1,175,900. Average net worth again rises for those ages 65 to 74, to $1,217,700, before falling to $977,600 for someone over age 75.

Is $30 million dollars rich? ›

Individuals with a net worth of $30 million represent only 0.003% of the population, but they hold 13% of the world's wealth. In the US, having a net worth of $2 million is considered wealthy.

How many Americans make over $100000 per year? ›

To find out more about how many people make over 100k per year, we've gathered essential facts and data. According to our extensive research: 18% of individual Americans make over $100k per year. 34.4% of US households make over $100k per year.

Are you upper class if you are a millionaire? ›

Households with a net worth of $1 million or more may be classified as members of the upper class, depending on the definition of class used.

What is the top 5 income? ›

You'll start to see dramatic shifts in the top 5%, where the EPI found the average earners significantly increased to $343,000 in 2020, up from $324,000 the year before.

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