Can you trust the results of a lie detector test? (2024)

First of all, what is a lie detector? It’s also known as a polygraph test.

In movies and TV shows, it is used to decide if a suspect is innocent or guilty. But it’s not quite that simple.

During a polygraph test, the person being questioned is assessed for heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity.

Rate and depth of respiration are measured by pneumographs (used to measure volume change during breathing) that are wrapped around their chest. They are also made to wear a blood pressure cuff and two electrodes placed on the fingers or hand.

The person is asked control questions and relevant questions. The measurements from the sensors are recorded (it used to be recorded on paper and is now often done digitally). The polygraph examiner looks at the results and tries to determine whether those measurements indicate if a person is lying.

The problem with polygraph tests

According to the American Psychological Association, there is no evidence that a pattern of physical responses can completely confirm that someone is being deceptive.

It’s used to measure levels of fear and physical responses, not actual lies. These tests can fail because a person who is telling the truth could be anxious and a person who is lying might not be anxious at all.

Dr. Saxe and Israeli psychologist Gershon Ben-Shahar (1999) said, “it may, in fact, be impossible to conduct a proper validity study.”

The APA suggests a reason a polygraph test may appear accurate is that people believe it works and they might confess or feel anxiety when answering the questions. They suggested that if that is true, then the name “a fear detector” might be more accurate.

Can you beat a polygraph test?

The simple answer is, yes. Researchers believe people can beat a lie detector test. This circles back to what was mentioned above, it doesn’t really detect lies. It detects a person’s physical response in the moment.

Meet Douglas Williams

Douglas Williams ran polygraph tests for the police force in Oklahoma City. He said he quickly noticed how the test was used to create fear during an interrogation.

“It’s a psychological billy club that will coerce a person into a confession. It’s not a lie detector, and we’re stupid if we use it as such, but there are occasions when it’s real good to put pressure to bear on a criminal to get a confession,” he said on the Love + Radio podcast.

He said the more heinous the crime is that is under investigation, the more likely an innocent person will fail the test. That’s because the person will be in a state of shock and extremely stressed.

After quitting his job, Williams started moving around the country to campaign against polygraph tests. He shared how he felt they weren’t accurate and talked about the damage they did to innocent people.

He also taught people how he believed the test could be cheated. He said you can pass a polygraph by relaxing on the relevant questions and then thinking of something frightening and tensing certain muscles on the control questions.

“In order for you to pass this test, you’ve got to -- telling the truth has nothing to do with it. You’ve got to produce for the polygraph examiner what he expects to see from a truthful person on this chart. The premise behind the polygraph is that, if you are lying, you will have a reaction on the relevant questions and no reaction on the control questions,” he said on the podcast.

In 1985, Williams testified before Congress for the consideration of Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988, which later did become law. It prohibits an employer from requiring or suggesting that an employee or prospective employee take a lie detector test. The law does not cover federal, state, and local government agencies.

Leonard Saxe, a psychologist, also testified before Congress regarding his doubts about the validity of a polygraph test.

“Because of the nature of deception, there is no good way to validate the test for making judgments about criminal behavior. There is no unique physiological reaction to deception,” Saxe said.

Williams created a website and wrote books about how to pass a polygraph test. He held training sessions and charged between $1,000 to $5,000. That was until an undercover operation landed Williams in federal prison. Undercover agents confessed to fake crimes and got Williams to teach them how to pass a polygraph anyway.

In 2015, Williams pleaded guilty to two counts of mail fraud and three counts of witness tampering. He was sentenced to two years in prison.

Williams died on March 19, 2021.

Click here to listen to the episode of This American Life referenced in this article. Click here to listen to the Stuff You Should Know podcast about polygraph tests.

Copyright 2022 by WDIV ClickOnDetroit - All rights reserved.

Can you trust the results of a lie detector test? (2024)

FAQs

Can you trust the results of a lie detector test? ›

Most psychologists agree that there is little evidence that polygraph tests can accurately detect lies.

How accurate are lie detector results? ›

Research has shown that the accuracy of the latest computerised polygraph testing techniques is 98%. There are several key qualities that are important in order to achieve this level of accuracy.

How credible are lie detector tests? ›

Despite claims that polygraph tests are between 80% and 90% accurate by advocates, the National Research Council has found no evidence of effectiveness.

Do lie detectors accurately determine truthful statements? ›

They estimate the accuracy of the polygraph to be 87%. That is, in 87 out of 100 cases, the polygraph can accurately determine if someone is lying or telling the truth. That sounds pretty impressive, but it is important to keep in mind that the polygraph is failing 13% of the time.

Can you tell the truth and fail a lie detector test? ›

Polygraph tests are not infallible, and there are several reasons why you may have failed the test even if you were telling the truth. For example, if you are particularly nervous or anxious during the test, this can cause the polygraph to register false positives.

Can a liar pass a lie detector test? ›

The simple answer is, yes. Researchers believe people can beat a lie detector test.

Can you pass a lie detector test if you believe your lie? ›

While someone might believe their lie to be true, they can still fail the test. This could be the result of the fear and anxiety that accompanies being asked tough questions or simply the stress of taking a high-pressure test.

Can an innocent person fail a polygraph test? ›

The results of a lie detector test are unreliable, and many innocent people have failed them. Even if you pass the test, this does not mean that you will not be charged with committing a crime. Not admissible.

What is the most reliable lie detector? ›

Through scientific studies conducted with EyeDetect, specific physiological changes have been shown to be similar among liars. This means EyeDetect can be an effective lie detector test. In fact, it is the most accurate lie detector today.

Has anyone ever passed a lie detector test? ›

They cite the many cases in which criminals passed the polygraph and were later found to be guilty of the crimes. Cases such as the “Green River Killer.” In that case, Gary Leon Ridgeway, was a suspect in the killing of four women and was given a polygraph, which he passed.

Do lie detectors give false positives? ›

Errors can be caused by a polygraph examiner's failure to properly prepare the subject for the exam or an examiner misreading the charts. Gordon says the research has indicated that false positives are more common than false negatives, perhaps because of anxiety.

How does a lie detector test know your lying? ›

Polygraphs measure physiological arousal factors, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, perspiration, and skin conductivity. The theory of the lie detector test is that these physiological responses will be different when the subject is truthful versus when the subject lies.

Can anxiety mess with a polygraph test? ›

Yes, anxiety can affect the results of a polygraph test. The polygraph measures physiological responses, including changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration. Anxiety can cause changes in these physiological responses, which can be interpreted as signs of deception.

How to confuse a lie detector test? ›

A simple way to cheat the polygraph is to deliberately distort your physiological readings when telling the truth, such as by biting your tongue, or imagining an embarrassing incident in the past.

What percentage of people fail a polygraph? ›

Nearly 50% of recruits fail the polygraph or lie-detector component, the vice president of the National Border Patrol Council said. “They'll go any other place where they're not treated like a criminal during that portion of the hiring process,” Anfinsen said.

Can people with ADHD pass a polygraph? ›

If you have a mental condition Anxiety, Depression, Bi-Polar, ADHD, ADD or PTSD you as long as your condition is under control, you can sit still, follow directions, breath normally you could successfully undergo an accurate polygraph lie detection examination.

Is there something better than a lie detector test? ›

It's a common scene from an episode of a TV crime drama: A suspect is strapped to a polygraph machine.

Why would you fail a lie detector test? ›

You can fail the test simply because you don't quite understand the question, or over-analyze the question each time, even if the examiner gave you clarification multiple times. Related: Does your resume pass the 6-second test? Get a FREE assessment.

How often do people fail a polygraph? ›

With a few false positives and false negatives here and there, according to studies, a polygraph test is accurate 80% to 90% of the time. The percentages vary due to external reasons.

What can mess up a polygraph test? ›

5 things that can contaminate a lie detector test results
  • Guilt. The term 'lie detector' is a bit misleading. ...
  • Drugs and Medication. Certain drugs and medications can affect how your body responds, or is unresponsive, to guilt and polygraph examinations. ...
  • Unprofessional Examiners. ...
  • Test Environment. ...
  • Mental Illness.
Jul 30, 2022

Is the polygraph 50 50? ›

Interestingly, the polygraph is quite good at identifying liars but does no better than chance at detecting honest people according to Lykken. In other words, there is a 50:50 chance that a polygraph test will say an honest person is lying (a 50 percent “false positive” rate).

What triggers a lie detector? ›

A polygraph, commonly referred to as a lie detector, is an instrument that records several indicators of stress: breathing rate, perspiration, blood pressure, and pulse rate.

Does caffeine affect a polygraph? ›

Stick to Your Everyday Routine

For example, many people are afraid that something like caffeine or medication will impact their test accuracy. That is certainly not the case. If you are someone who likes a cup or three of coffee in the morning, go ahead and drink them on your exam day.

Can PTSD cause you to fail a polygraph test? ›

Yes, PTSD can cause a person to fail a polygraph test. PTSD can cause physiological responses which are similar to signs of deception.

What are 4 ways to cheat a polygraph test? ›

According to George Maschke and Gino Scalabrini, authors of The Lie Behind the Lie Detector, there are four ways to beat the test: Change your heart rate , breathing rate, blood pressure and sweat level while answering control questions.

Is there anything more accurate than a lie detector test? ›

Using only a microphone and the CVSA® instrument, the results are charted to indicate stress associated with “deception” or “no deception.” With the CVSA®, there are no inconclusive results as there are with the polygraph. In field and lab studies, the CVSA® has proven to have higher accuracy rates than the polygraph.

What can mess up a lie detector test? ›

5 things that can contaminate a lie detector test results
  • Guilt. The term 'lie detector' is a bit misleading. ...
  • Drugs and Medication. Certain drugs and medications can affect how your body responds, or is unresponsive, to guilt and polygraph examinations. ...
  • Unprofessional Examiners. ...
  • Test Environment. ...
  • Mental Illness.
Jul 30, 2022

How do some people beat lie detectors? ›

Another tactic that can be used to beat a lie detector is to force yourself to think of something pleasant while lying, something such as a warm summer night at the beach. This will calm your physiological responses and mask a lie from the truth.

Can anxiety cause a false polygraph? ›

Does anxiety affect a polygraph test? Yes, anxiety can affect the results of a polygraph test. The polygraph measures physiological responses, including changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration. Anxiety can cause changes in these physiological responses, which can be interpreted as signs of deception.

How often do lie detectors fail? ›

With a few false positives and false negatives here and there, according to studies, a polygraph test is accurate 80% to 90% of the time. The percentages vary due to external reasons.

Can a lie detector be wrong? ›

There have been several reviews of polygraph accuracy. They suggest that polygraphs are accurate between 80% and 90% of the time. This means polygraphs are far from foolproof, but better than the average person's ability to spot lies, which research suggests they can do around 55% of the time.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Lakeisha Bayer VM

Last Updated:

Views: 5662

Rating: 4.9 / 5 (49 voted)

Reviews: 80% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Lakeisha Bayer VM

Birthday: 1997-10-17

Address: Suite 835 34136 Adrian Mountains, Floydton, UT 81036

Phone: +3571527672278

Job: Manufacturing Agent

Hobby: Skimboarding, Photography, Roller skating, Knife making, Paintball, Embroidery, Gunsmithing

Introduction: My name is Lakeisha Bayer VM, I am a brainy, kind, enchanting, healthy, lovely, clean, witty person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.