Can You Get a Green Card if You Overstay Your Visa? (2024)

In a Nutshell

Many immigrants without lawful status first came into the United States with valid visas and stayed past the end of their approved visit. Under U.S. immigration law, there are consequences for people who end up overstaying their visa, including a bar from re-entering the country. If you apply for a green card after a visa overstay, a re-entry bar will significantly lengthen your application process or prevent you from applying altogether. You may be able to apply for a waiver that legally forgives your overstay so you can apply for a green card. In this article, we explain how to know if you’ve overstayed your visa, whether or not a pathway to a green card is available to you, and how to use waivers of inadmissibility for unlawful presence.

Can You Get a Green Card if You Overstay Your Visa? (1)Can You Get a Green Card if You Overstay Your Visa? (2)

Written by Jonathan Petts.
Written May 24, 2022

How Do I Know if I Have Overstayed My U.S. Visa?

You have overstayed your visa if you have remained in the United States past your approved duration of stay. Your I-94 travel record has your approved duration of stay. Every foreign national who visits the United States has a Form I-94 to their name that details their arrival date and the date they’re expected to leave. This date is often different from the visa expiry date on the visa stamp you received in your passport.

The expiration date on your visa stamp indicates how long you can use that visa to enter the U.S. By contrast, the authorized stay date on your I-94 record specifies how long you can stay in the United States after you’ve entered. So your visa could be valid for many years, but your authorized stay for any trip could be for only a couple of weeks or months.

You can access your I-94 record on the U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) website if you don’t have a paper copy of it. You will be able to see your authorized stay information when you enter your passport number and other personal information.

What Is Unlawful Presence?

If you realize after looking up your I-94 arrival and departure record that you have been in the United States past your authorized stay date, you have begun to accrue unlawful presence. Unlawful presence refers to the amount of time you spend in the United States without lawful immigration status. Unlawful presence begins the day after your authorized period of stay expires.

If you came into the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), unlawful presence starts 90 days after your first day in the country. If you came into the United States on a nonimmigrant visa, unlawful presence begins 180 days after the date on your I-94 record.

There are consequences for accruing unlawful presence based on the length of your unlawful presence, including a 3-year bar or a 10-year bar from re-entering the United States after you leave. You also risk deportation when you are without lawful immigration status in the United States for any extended period.

What Is Illegal Entry?

You can also be unlawfully present in the United States if you entered illegally. Illegal entry means that you came into the United States without official authorization from the U.S. government, in the form of a valid visa or visa waiver, or that you were not inspected by border patrol officials when you entered.

Can I Apply for a Green Card if I Entered the U.S. Illegally?

It is complicated to get a green card if you entered the United States illegally. Generally, if you entered the United States illegally, you can only apply for a green card from your home country through a process called consular processing.

You can’t apply for a green card from the United States, called an adjustment of status. Sometimes, you cannot get a green card at all. For example, someone who enters the United States illegally multiple times will be deported and permanently barred from entering the country again. If you’re permanently barred, you can’t apply for a green card, U.S. citizenship, or other immigration benefits.

If you enter illegally and stay for less than 180 days, you will not face a re-entry bar when you go home to apply for a green card. But if you entered legally and stayed for more than 180 days, then you will face either a 3-year or 10-year bar when you go home to submit your green card application. If you’re a Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipient who applied for DACA more than 180 days after you turned 18 and never had Advance Parole, you’ll face a 3-year or 10-year bar.

What Are Bars to Entry?

In U.S. immigration law, bars of entry are penalties for people who have spent a period of unlawful presence in the United States. There are three types of re-entry bars: 3 years, 10 years, and permanent.

If you spend between 180 and 365 days of unlawful presence in the United States, you’ll face a 3-year bar. If you have one year or more of unlawful presence, you’ll receive a 10-year bar. If you have repeatedly entered the United States unlawfully, you will be permanently barred from returning to the country.

Can I Apply for a Green Card if I Overstayed my Visa?

Yes, you can apply for a green card if you overstayed a visa, but only if you meet very specific requirements.

Typically, you can’t apply for a green card from the United States if you don’t have valid (unexpired) immigration status. U.S. immigration law makes an exception for the immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, that is, the parents, children, and spouse of a U.S. citizen. If you’re an immediate relative of a U.S. citizen who entered legally (through a nonimmigrant visa, for example), you can apply for your green card by filing Form I-485, even if you overstayed a visa.

This exception does not apply if you’re an immediate relative to a U.S. permanent resident (green card holder). You will have to apply for a green card from your home country. If you’re subject to a re-entry bar, you’ll have to wait it out before you can return to the U.S. But you may also request that the U.S. government pardon your unlawful presence with a waiver of inadmissibility. More on this is below.

Can I Travel Outside the U.S. if I Overstayed My Visa?

If you do not have a pending green card application, you will not be able to enter the U.S. when you return. But if you have a pending green card application, you can travel out of the United States with Advance Parole. Advance Parole is a travel document that makes it possible for you to travel abroad without abandoning your green card application. If you entered the United States legally, overstayed your visa, and your green card sponsor is a U.S. citizen, then you can apply for Advance Parole. You’ll be able to go abroad and return to the United States without facing re-entry bars.

It would be best if you were very cautious in doing this though, as this exception for immediate relatives of U.S. citizens may change at any time and is not applied in the same way throughout the United States. The policy may change suddenly when you’re abroad, and you may find yourself unable to get back to the United States to finish your green card application. For this reason, if you overstayed a visa, it’s a wise idea to hold off on traveling until you receive your green card.

What Are Waivers of Inadmissibility?

A waiver of inadmissibility is a common name for Form I-601, Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility. This form is a legal request you can make to the U.S. government to pardon the re-entry bar you’re facing for unlawful presence. To apply for the waiver, you’ll have to prove to USCIS that your U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident relative will experience “extreme hardship” if you have to wait out your re-entry bar. For example, if you’re a parent who overstayed a visa, the burden of childcare could be tough on the parent you’re leaving behind in the United States.

Conclusion

Getting a green card after overstaying a visa can be complicated, but help is available. If you are eligible, our free web app will walk you through the green card or waiver of inadmissibility process and help you prepare and file your application with the U.S. government. If our app isn’t a good fit, we may be able to refer you to an experienced immigration attorney to help. Click "Get Started" to see how we can help make your American dream come true!

Can You Get a Green Card if You Overstay Your Visa? (2024)

FAQs

Can I get a green card if I overstay my visa? ›

If you overstay your visa for less than 180 days, you may leave the US and apply for a green card through consular processing. If your overstay is more than 180 days, your only option is for your spouse to file USCIS Form N-400 to become a US citizen.

Can a US visa overstay be forgiven? ›

If you're a visa holder and you remain in the United States past the “admit until date” listed on your Form I-94 (also called the “Arrival/Departure Record”), you are overstaying your visa. If this happens, you can get visa overstay forgiveness by applying for a waiver.

What happens if you overstay your visa for years? ›

What are the consequences of overstaying my visa? You can face removal proceedings (deportation), a 3-year bar, a 10-year bar, or a permanent bar depending on the amount of unlawful presence you have accrued and your conditions.

How does immigration know if you overstay your visa? ›

If your departure date is missing or does not match up with your I-94 form, the US government will know that you have overstayed your visa. Another way that the United States can find out if you have overstayed your visa is through random checks.

What is the penalty for overstaying visa in USA? ›

The consequences of overstaying a visa and accumulating unlawful presence may include: Deportation from the US. Visa voidance. A three-year bar to reenter the US if you remained in the country unlawfully for more than 180 days but less than one year.

Can you get married to a US citizen after a visa overstay? ›

If you overstay your visa for less than 180 days, you may leave the U.S. and apply for a Green Card through consular processing. If your overstay has been more than 180 days, the only option is to wait for your spouse to become a U.S. citizen and then apply for I-485 Adjustment of Status inside the U.S.

How can I clear my overstay? ›

4. What should you do if you have overstayed?
  1. Check the grace period you have after the expiration of your visa.
  2. Apply for a change of status or a new visa.
  3. Pay the overstay fine online and change of status.
  4. Await for your new visa and approved the change of status.

How do I get rid of overstay? ›

Personal Sponsorship (Family)
  1. Petition letter from Sponsor.
  2. Passport and visa copy of the Sponsor.
  3. Sponsor Salary certificate/ Labor contract/ Memorandum.
  4. Any documents that support the cause of overstaying must also be submitted.
Sep 12, 2021

Can I come back to US after overstaying? ›

If you have more than 180 days of unlawful presence, meaning you overstayed your visa by 181 days or more, you will be barred from returning to the United States for a certain amount of time. If you were unlawfully present for between 180 and 365 days, you will be barred from entering the United States for three years.

How to get green card if you are illegal? ›

Ask your social worker and lawyer about getting Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS). This protects you from deportation, allows you to work, and makes it possible to get a green card. To see if you are eligible, ask your social worker and lawyer.

How long can you go to jail for overstaying visa? ›

You may receive a “final order of removal” should the United States government realize you are unlawfully present. This edict requires you to leave the country within 90 days of its issuing. Ignoring or defying this order can lead to even greater consequences, including fines and up to 4 years of jail time.

Can overstay visa be Cancelled? ›

Automatic Visa Revocation After Overstay of Any Length

Even if you have stayed in the United States past the permitted departure date on your I-94 by one day—assuming you didn't file for a change or extension of status before the departure date—your U.S. visa will be automatically voided and cancelled.

How do I ask for forgiveness from immigration? ›

Form I-192 is an application for a specific type of waiver used by people wishing obtain such forgiveness and enter the U.S. on a temporary, nonimmigrant basis. (It's of no use to anyone applying for an immigrant visa, otherwise known as lawful permanent residence or a green card.)

How do I get rid of 10 year ban? ›

Challenging the ban under 320 7(A) You can re-apply after 10 years you can appeal/ judicial review against the ban. If a ban of 10 years has been imposed on you under 320 7(A) any new visa application including the UK visit visa will be refused.

Does immigration check travel history? ›

Yes! If you travel to a US state like Texas, among many others, US immigration can tell when you entered or left. If you leave the US by air, the US processes passport details via a special system called APIS. This system was created to enhance border security.

Can you live in the US with an expired visa? ›

A visa is only an entry document and can expire while you are in the U.S. There is no issue if your visa expires while you are legally present in the U.S. As long as your status is still valid and you continue to follow all immigration regulations, you can continue to remain in the U.S. even if your visa has expired.

How long do you have to stay married to get a green card in the US? ›

Because marriage is a relatively easy route to permanent residence, USCIS grants conditional permanent residence for two years. After two years, you will need to file Form I-751 to remove the conditions of residence and to get a permanent green card.

Can I stay in the US while waiting for marriage green card? ›

In most cases, spouses who are eligible to adjust status prefer to do so. It allows the foreign spouse to stay in the United States while waiting for the marriage green card.

Can I immigrate to Canada if I overstayed my US visa? ›

If you have overstayed your nonimmigrant visa by less than 180 days, you are eligible to return to Canada to apply for another visa, but you are ineligible to return to the United States on your expired nonimimigrant visa.

Can I return to USA if I overstayed my visa? ›

If you entered the United States legally, overstayed your visa, and your green card sponsor is a U.S. citizen, then you can apply for Advance Parole. You'll be able to go abroad and return to the United States without facing re-entry bars.

Can I get a green card after being in the U.S. for 10 years? ›

Besides having lived in the U.S. continuously for ten years, you will also need to prove to a judge that your close family (who are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents) would face “exceptional or extremely unusual hardship”.

Can I enter U.S. after 10 year ban? ›

This 10-year bar is required regardless of whether you have an immediate relative who is a United States citizen. Once 10 years have passed since your date of last departure you may file Form I-212 to seek consent to reapply for admission to the United States.

What is the 10 year ban waiver? ›

To qualify for this waiver, which if approved, allows the immigrant to lawfully re-enter with the immigrant visa and not wait outside the US for 3 or 10 years, the immigrant must prove that his or her USC or LPR spouse or parent will suffer EXTREME HARDSHIP if the waiver is not approved.

What is the fastest way to get a US green card? ›

If you want to become a permanent resident of the United States, here are a few of the quickest routes.
  1. The Green Card Lottery (Diversity Lottery) ...
  2. Family-Based Green Cards. ...
  3. Employment-Based Green Cards. ...
  4. Corporate-Based Green Cards.
Nov 11, 2022

Can I get a US green card without sponsor? ›

There are two typical self-sponsored green card (Lawful Permanent Residency card) categories in which a foreign national does not need sponsorship by their employer or a relative - victims of crime and individuals of extraordinary ability.

Can a US citizen sponsor me for a green card? ›

If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, you may be able to sponsor a family member for a Permanent Resident Card (Green Card).

Who qualifies for immigration waiver? ›

An applicant for Temporary Protected Status; A Special Immigrant Juvenile; or. Any other noncitizen for whom a determination of their likelihood of becoming a public charge under section 212(a)(4) is not required at the time of their application for admission or adjustment of status.

How much does an immigration forgiveness cost? ›

In total, however, most applicants can expect to pay between $3,500 and $11,000 for preparation of the I-601 waiver application. This does not include fees for other portions of the attorney's services or for application fees and other related expenses.

What to say if immigration stops you? ›

Say, “I am exercising my right to remain silent.” Do not answer questions or provide any information about your immigration status or national origin. ICE can use anything you say against you. Stay calm.

Can a permanent ban be lifted? ›

Permabans are almost never removed. Usually by the time you have reached being permabanned, you have already been banned before. You were aware that your behavior was unacceptable according to the Terms of Use and the Summoner's Code. Bans coming from the Instant Feedback System are generally not lifted or adjusted.

What is the longest ban ever? ›

Enoch West - 30 years, 1915

The longest ban ever in English football history was awarded to Manchester United star Enoch West in 1915.

What is a lifetime ban? ›

Lifetime Ban . – means permanently prohibiting an individual from being an MLS NEXT Participant.

What shows up when immigration scans your passport? ›

Any criminal history you have. Your citizenship status. Employment information. Your phone numbers.

What shows up on a background check for immigration? ›

What Does an Immigration Background Check Include? An immigration background check includes every crime you've ever committed in the US and beyond. If you're concerned about your criminal history when petitioning for a green card, talk to a green card attorney like Serah Waweru at (253) 332-9193.

What comes up in an immigration background check? ›

FBI Name Checks

This includes administrative, applicant, criminal, personnel, and other files compiled by law enforcement. The initial response to this check is supposed to only take two weeks, but it can take over a year due to the large backlogs. If no match is found, your immigration application can proceed.

How many years do I have to stay in USA till I become a green card holder? ›

The most common path to U.S. citizenship through naturalization is being a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for at least five years. For more information on determining the earliest accepted filing date for your naturalization application, see the USCIS Early Filing Calculator.

Can I get a green card if I entered illegally? ›

Violating the terms of legal entry can result in serious consequences. Those who enter the U.S. illegally cannot apply for a green card inside the U.S. However, they can leave the U.S. and apply for a green card abroad.

Can I return to USA if I overstayed? ›

Under U.S. immigration law, there are consequences for people who end up overstaying their visa, including a bar from re-entering the country. If you apply for a green card after a visa overstay, a re-entry bar will significantly lengthen your application process or prevent you from applying altogether.

Can I get a green card if I stayed in US for 10 years? ›

Yes, the applicant must prove physical presence in the USA for ten years. That part is easy. However, the applicant must also prove that removal from the USA would constitute extreme and exceptionally unusual hardship to a USC or LPR immediate relative.

What qualifies you for a green card? ›

You may be eligible to apply for a Green Card (Permanent Resident Card) through your family, a job offer or employment, refugee or asylum status, or a number of other special provisions.

Can I get a green card if I live in the US for 10 years? ›

Introduction. There are no provisions in US immigration law that allow an illegal immigrant to change status to a legal immigrant or legal resident (Green Card) based on time spent in the United States.

What disqualifies you from getting a green card? ›

If you entered the U.S. unlawfully, have prior immigration violations, failed to attend removal proceedings, or otherwise abused the U.S. immigration process, you may be ineligible for a green card.

What can jeopardize green card? ›

Certain crimes will jeopardize your green card application, such as crimes of “moral turpitude,” multiple offenses, or specific crimes such as drug trafficking, prostitution, commercialized vice, money laundering, religious freedoms violations as a foreign government official, or fraud.

Can I go to Canada if I overstayed in USA? ›

If you have overstayed your nonimmigrant visa by less than 180 days, you are eligible to return to Canada to apply for another visa, but you are ineligible to return to the United States on your expired nonimimigrant visa.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Duane Harber

Last Updated:

Views: 5892

Rating: 4 / 5 (51 voted)

Reviews: 82% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Duane Harber

Birthday: 1999-10-17

Address: Apt. 404 9899 Magnolia Roads, Port Royceville, ID 78186

Phone: +186911129794335

Job: Human Hospitality Planner

Hobby: Listening to music, Orienteering, Knapping, Dance, Mountain biking, Fishing, Pottery

Introduction: My name is Duane Harber, I am a modern, clever, handsome, fair, agreeable, inexpensive, beautiful person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.