6 Requirements to Buy a House (2024)

Finding the perfect home for you is a dream come true, but you could be in for a rude awakening if you're not ready to pounce when you find it. Before you go looking for that home, you have to do some work in advance in order to be ready to lock in the deal.

What does that mean? It means saving up an adequate down payment, identifying the right mortgage lender, checking your credit rating, minimizing your debts, setting aside cash for closing costs, and getting pre-approval for a mortgage in advance.

All before you go to your first open house.

Key Takeaways

  • Make sure you have an adequate down payment; 20% of the purchase price is standard.
  • Do your research in advance to target the best lender for you.
  • Check your credit rating and improve it if necessary to get the best mortgage rate.
  • Add up your total outstanding debt and trim as possible.
  • Stash away 2% to 5% of your planned purchase price to cover closing costs.
  • Get pre-approval from your chosen lender.

Requirements to Buy a House

A growing number of homebuyers are skipping the mortgage process and paying all cash. Nearly 32% paid cash for a home in 2022, according to the real estate site Redfin. That's a considerable increase from only two years before, at the height of the pandemic, when it was about 20%.

That's nice for them, but if you're in the two-thirds of the homebuying market that doesn't have that kind of cash, the need for advance preparation becomes all the more urgent. An all-cash buyer has an edge over others if there are multiple parties interested in the home.

The six steps below can help equal the playing field for you. Especially the last step: Get a mortgage pre-approval in advance. It's not a binding document but it alerts the seller that a lender has reviewed your financial circ*mstances and is ready and willing to grant you a mortgage up to a certain level.

6 Boxes to Check

The process can differ among lenders but in every case, there are six boxes to check off when applying for a home loan: Get your down payment together; pick a lender, check your credit score, check your debt-to-income ratio, set aside closing costs, and apply for pre-approval of a mortgage.

You might add a good real estate agent to this list. Eighty-six percent of people who bought a home in 2022 said they found a real estate agent to be useful in the process.

Important

When choosing a real estate agent, consider the person's background, credentials, and experience. Asking friends and family for referrals can help you find the right professional to work with.

Requirement #1: Collect the Down Payment

The first requirement to buy a home is a down payment. This is the money you pay upfront to offset the amount you need to borrow.

“Lenders have tightened the requirements since the economic crisis in 2008,” says Karen R. Jenkins, president and CEO of KRJ Consulting. “As a result, prospective borrowers seeking to purchase a home must have some ‘skin in the game’ to qualify for a home.”

To get the best rate available, you should have 20% to put down. That also will allow you to skip private mortgage insurance, which adds to your monthly costs down the road.

If you don't have that kind of money, consider checking your eligibility for a Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan. The agency requires only a 3.5% down payment. With FHA approval, you can get a loan from a bank with the federal agency acting as your mortgage insurer.

If you are a veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces, you may be eligible for a Veterans Administration-backed loan. Up to 100% financing is available.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has its own home loan program that assists lower and moderate-income people to obtain decent homes in rural areas. It offers up to 100% financing.

If you're having trouble getting the down payment together, there are other options. The federal Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has a down payment assistance program for first-time homebuyers. The money is distributed through the states, and each has its own rules.

You could also ask for a down payment gift from a family member. Keep in mind that there may be limits on down payment gifts and you'll need a properly documented down payment gift letter.

Requirement #2: Choose a Lender

It's important to shop around for a lender. Every bank sets its own loan rates, and a fractional difference adds up to a lot of bucks over 15 or 30 years.

You can start off by checking with your own bank. It might offer you a competitive rate because you already do business with them.

Don't rule out credit unions, small community banks, and online lenders. The more lenders you check, the more likely it is that you'll get a really good rate.

A great tool for researching and comparing interest rates is a mortgage calculator. It will give you an idea of your real costs at various rates before you meet with a mortgage broker or a lender.

Getting pre-approved for a home loan could give you an edge when making an offer on a property. It shows the seller that you're qualified and you're serious.

Requirement #3: Check Your Credit Score

Mortgage lenders consider your entire financial situation when you apply for a loan but your FICO score is a critical piece of information.

Your score indicates to lenders how likely you are to repay the money you borrow. The higher your credit score, the better the interest rate you will be offered. If you have a bad score or, even worse, no credit history at all, it will be very difficult to qualify at all.

It would be a challenge to find a lender who'll work with a borrower who has a credit score below 620 or 640. The FHA will back mortgages for qualified buyers with a credit score as low as 500.

Checking your credit scores before applying can give you a better idea of whether you meet the lender's requirements to buy a house. This can also give you a feel for what kind of interest rates you're likely to pay for a mortgage.

If you find that your credit score is too low for you to qualify for a mortgage, don't despair. Start working on paying off bad debts and paying down credit card debt. Keep checking your score from month to month. You should see real progress within a few months.

Requirement #4: Know Your Debt-to-Income Ratio

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) represents the percentage of your gross income that goes toward paying off debt and interest each month. The lower this number is, the better for meeting the mortgage requirements.

Banks use your DTI to determine whether you can afford to add the burden of a mortgage payment to your existing debts. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has rules stating that the debt-to-income ratio, including the mortgage and associated costs, cannot exceed 43% of gross income. If your DTI exceeds this amount, you will have a harder time getting a mortgage.

So how can you reduce your DTI to meet the requirements for a mortgage? Paying down some of your debt is an obvious choice. You could also improve your debt-to-income ratio by finding ways to boost your earnings.

But consider whether that higher income is sustainable. Otherwise, you may not be able to afford mortgage payments over the long term.

Requirement #5: Set Aside Closing Costs

Closing costs are fees and charges you must pay to various parties at closing.

Your lender will provide you with a detailed estimate of what you'll have to pay. On average, closing costs run from 2% to 5% of the home's purchase price. So, if you're buying a $300,000 home you might pay anywhere from $6,000 to $15,000 at closing.

Typical closing costs can include:

  • Credit report fees
  • Application fees
  • Recording fees
  • Title insurance fees
  • Underwriting or processing fees
  • Closing fees
  • Escrow fees
  • Origination fees
  • Prepaid interest
  • Survey fees

Some of the same sources that offer down payment assistance programs also offer help with closing costs. For example, the Florida Housing Finance Corporation has a housing costs program for some first-time homebuyers.

Requirement #6: Apply for a Mortgage Pre-Approval

If you're going to apply for a mortgage, you need to gather together your financial documents. And once you have that done, you're ready to apply to a lender for a mortgage pre-approval. This will speed the process and save you work down the road when you've actually found the home you want.

Your lender can give you a checklist of the required documentation. Generally, it includes proof of your income, debts, assets, and employment. Pay stubs, tax returns, bank statements, W2 forms, and employment verifications are all proof of your ability to pay off a mortgage.

Pre-approval is a fairly speedy process. Since it's not a binding document, the bank doesn't have to verify every piece of paper.

The actual mortgage approval process is a more exhaustive process and can be grueling. Just grit your teeth and give them the extra pieces of paper they want.

What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a House?

An applicant who gets approval for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan can qualify for a mortgage with a credit score as low as 500. Most banks and other lenders require a credit score of 640 or above. The best interest rates are available only to those with high credit ratings.

How Much Money Do I Need to Put Down on a Home?

You'll need to put down at least 20% on a conventional home loan. That is the minimum that most lenders want to see, and it also allows the buyer to avoid paying for private mortgage insurance (PMI) until they build up some equity.

FHA loans have a down payment requirement as low as 3.5%, while programs from the VA and the USDA will finance up to 100% of a mortgage.

What Documents Do I Need To Apply for a Mortgage?

When you choose a lender, ask for its checklist. The documents you need can include pay stubs, tax returns, bank statements, and investment account statements. The lender will ask for consent to pull your credit reports and credit scores as well. Basically, you need to prove that you have a steady income, a habit of paying your bills, a reasonable amount of debt, and some cash in the bank.

How Much Money Will I Need for Closing Costs?

Closing costs for a home purchase typically range from 2% to 5% of the home's purchase price. The more expensive the home, the more money you'll likely need to finalize the closing. This varies greatly by location. Check for state and city transfer taxes.

The Bottom Line

Before you can think about buying your dream home, you need to be sure that your finances are in order and that you're thoroughly prepared for the mortgage approval process. You'll really have your ducks in a row if you get a mortgage pre-approval. You'll be ready to apply for a mortgage quickly and the seller will know your intentions are serious.

6 Requirements to Buy a House (2024)

FAQs

What are 3 of the 6 things you need to buy a house? ›

The process can differ among lenders but in every case, there are six boxes to check off when applying for a home loan: Get your down payment together; pick a lender, check your credit score, check your debt-to-income ratio, set aside closing costs, and apply for pre-approval of a mortgage.

What are the 7 steps to buying a house? ›

A Home Buyer's Guide: 7 Steps to Take Before Purchasing
  1. Determine how much house you can afford. ...
  2. Research your housing market. ...
  3. Build your savings. ...
  4. Reduce your debt. ...
  5. Improve your credit. ...
  6. Get pre-approved for a mortgage loan. ...
  7. Shop for a home and make an offer. ...
  8. Conclusion.
Jan 12, 2023

What are the requirements to buy a house in Georgia? ›

Homebuyers typically need to make a minimum down payment of 20% for a mortgage loan, although some mortgage types require no down payment at all. To purchase a home in Georgia, identify the best location, determine mortgage costs, get pre-approved by a lender, inspect the home and then close the loan.

What are the 3 things you need to buy a house? ›

What Do You Need To Buy a House? 7 Requirements for 2023
  • → 1. Qualifying Credit.
  • → 2. Proof of Income and Finances.
  • → 3. Cash Needed to Close On Your Home.
  • → 4. Home Buying Budget.
  • → 5. Mortgage Loan.
  • → 6. Mortgage Pre-Approval.
  • → 7. Real Estate Agent.
  • → Final Thoughts.
Jan 5, 2023

What are the 8 steps of buying a house? ›

8 steps to buying a house
  • Get your finances in order. ...
  • Calculate your budget for a house using a home affordability calculator. ...
  • Get pre-approved. ...
  • Search for homes within your budget. ...
  • Make an offer on a home. ...
  • Submit your mortgage application. ...
  • Enter the loan processing phase. ...
  • Closing.
Jul 15, 2021

What are 5 things you should do before buying a home? ›

A step-by-step guide to buying a house
  • Understand why you want to buy a house. Purchasing a home is a major decision that shouldn't be taken lightly. ...
  • Check your credit score. ...
  • Save for a down payment. ...
  • Create a housing budget. ...
  • Shop for a mortgage. ...
  • Hire a real estate agent. ...
  • See multiple homes. ...
  • Make an offer.
Apr 28, 2023

What is most difficult step in buying a house? ›

What was the hardest part of buying a home for you?
Most difficult step of buying a homePercent of respondents
Finding the right property56%
Paperwork18%
Understanding the process and steps13%
Saving for the down payment13%
5 more rows
May 3, 2022

What and all things to consider before buying a house? ›

7 Things to Know Before Buying a House
  • Your credit score. ...
  • How much home you can afford. ...
  • Options for your down payment. ...
  • How much you can borrow. ...
  • Condition of your local real estate market. ...
  • Where you want to live. ...
  • Type of home you want.
Aug 19, 2020

What is first thing to look when buying a house? ›

Budget. Budgeting should be your first step when you start shopping for a new home. This is especially important for first-time home buyers so you can be as realistic as possible about how much house you can afford.

How much house can I afford on $60 000 a year? ›

How much of a home loan can I get on a $60,000 salary? The general guideline is that a mortgage should be two to 2.5 times your annual salary. A $60,000 salary equates to a mortgage between $120,000 and $150,000.

How much are closing costs in GA? ›

In Georgia, expect to pay about 3.13% of your home's sale price in closing costs — not including realtor fees. At the median home value of $323,991, this equates to around $10,134 at closing.

What credit score do I need to buy a house in Georgia? ›

FHA and VA loans: Since COVID-19 most Georgia lenders will require a credit score of at least 640 for these two types of loans to get the best rate and qualify for flexible underwriting. USDA, Jumbo, and Conventional loans: This category commands the highest credit score requirement at 660.

What is a good credit score to buy a house? ›

It's recommended you have a credit score of 620 or higher when you apply for a conventional loan. If your score is below 620, lenders either won't be able to approve your loan or may be required to offer you a higher interest rate, which can result in higher monthly payments.

How much money should I save before buying a house? ›

How Much Money Do You Need to Buy a House? A good number to shoot for is saving 25% of the sale price, in addition to setting aside 3–6 months' worth of your typical expenses for emergencies. So if you're looking to buy a $300,000 house, you should save around $75,000 (on top of your emergency fund).

What is a good debt to income ratio? ›

What do lenders consider a good debt-to-income ratio? A general rule of thumb is to keep your overall debt-to-income ratio at or below 43%.

In what order do you buy a house? ›

What's in this guide
  1. Stage 1 – Find a property you can afford.
  2. Stage 2 – Make an offer.
  3. Stage 3 – Arrange a solicitor and surveyor.
  4. Stage 4 – Finalise the offer and mortgage.
  5. Stage 5 – Exchange contracts.
  6. Stage 6 – Completion and final steps.

What is the longest process in buying a house? ›

The longest part of the buying process is often the hunt for the right home. If you're looking for a home in a hot real estate market, expect to spend months – or even a year – finding a home. The best way to fast-track your shopping process is to work with a real estate agent.

What is a PMI on a mortgage? ›

Private mortgage insurance, also called PMI, is a type of mortgage insurance you might be required to pay for if you have a conventional loan. Like other kinds of mortgage insurance, PMI protects the lender—not you—if you stop making payments on your loan.

Is it really important to buy a home? ›

One of the chief benefits of owning a home is that over time, increased home equity can add to your net worth and give you a low-cost source of cash as needed. The ability to build equity is what sets homeownership apart from renting, which has no return on investment.

What is the lowest score to buy a house? ›

Generally speaking, you'll need a credit score of at least 620 in order to secure a loan to buy a house. That's the minimum credit score requirement most lenders have for a conventional loan. With that said, it's still possible to get a loan with a lower credit score, including a score in the 500s.

Is it easier to buy a first or second house? ›

Buying a second home isn't easy but it's certainly easier than buying your first home. Not only will you have financial advantages and be in a stronger position to negotiate, but you'll also have all of your past experience to draw on.

What are the 3 most important things when looking to buy real estate? ›

What to Look for When Buying a House
  • Search for the right price.
  • Prioritize the location.
  • Think long term.
  • Assess property condition.
  • Don't focus on minor cosmetic details.
  • Stick with your must-haves.

What 4 factors affect the amount of a person's mortgage payment? ›

Factors That Affect Home Mortgage Rates
  • Inflation.
  • Economic Growth.
  • Real Estate Market Conditions.
  • Your Credit Score.
  • Property Location.
  • Mortgage Loan Amount.
  • Down Payment.
Oct 12, 2021

Why do buyers offer more than asking price? ›

Making an offer above the asking price is a common trend in the California real estate market in 2021. It's largely driven by a stark imbalance between housing supply and demand. Home buyers are making aggressive offers in order to succeed in a highly competitive market.

How long does pre approval for mortgage take? ›

On average, it takes 7-10 days to get a pre-approval, although in some cases it may take less time. To speed up the home loan pre-approval time, you should gather your financial documents that the lender will require (e.g., W2s, proof of income, tax returns, etc.).

What are questions to ask when buying a house? ›

12 Questions To Ask When Buying A House
  • What's The Risk Of A Natural Disaster? ...
  • Are There Health Or Safety Hazards? ...
  • How Old Is The Roof? ...
  • Are The Major Systems Of The Home In Good Condition? ...
  • What Is The Monthly Cost Of Utilities? ...
  • What Appliances Are Included In The Sale? ...
  • Have There Been Any Additions Or Renovations?
Apr 3, 2023

What percentage range is a down payment usually? ›

The average down payment in America is equal to about 6% of the borrower's loan value. However, buying a home with as little as 3% down is possible, depending on your loan type and credit score. You may even be able to buy a home with no money down if you qualify for a USDA loan or a VA loan.

How much is a 300 000 mortgage per month? ›

On a $300,000 mortgage with a 3% APR, you'd pay $2,071.74 per month on a 15-year loan and $1,264.81 on a 30-year loan, not including escrow. Escrow costs vary depending on your home's location, insurer, and other details.

Can I buy a 300K house with 60k salary? ›

To purchase a $300K house, you may need to make between $50,000 and $74,500 a year. This is a rule of thumb, and the specific salary will vary depending on your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, type of home loan, loan term, and mortgage rate.

Can I afford a $300 K house on a $70 K salary? ›

On a $70,000 income, you'll likely be able to afford a home that costs $280,000–380,000. The exact amount will depend on how much debt you have and where you live — as well as the type of home loan you get.

Do you have to pay back Georgia Dream? ›

Do I have to pay back the down payment assistance loan? Yes. The down payment assistance is a 0% interest loan with no monthly payment. A second mortgage lien is placed on your property.

What is the most expensive part of closing costs? ›

Buyers pay a long list of closing fees, all of which are itemized on the standard Loan Estimate you'll get from any lender. But the main (most expensive) fees to be aware of are: Loan origination fee or broker fee (0-1% of loan amount): A fee the lender or broker charges for its services.

Who pays for title insurance in Georgia? ›

Who Pays Title Insurance in Georgia? The buyer pays for both the owner's and the lender's policies in most cases. However, since there are no official mandates, the title insurance cost in Georgia can be negotiated between the parties. This means that the lender can decide to pay for the title insurance.

How to buy a house for the first-time in Georgia? ›

How To Buy A House In Georgia
  1. Save for a down payment. The standard down payment is 20%. ...
  2. Get mortgage preapproval. Find a mortgage lender and get preapproval. ...
  3. Decide what you want in a house. Write down your must-haves and deal breakers. ...
  4. Find an agent. ...
  5. Tour homes. ...
  6. Make an offer. ...
  7. Close on the house.
Mar 30, 2023

Who is eligible for the Georgia Dream Program? ›

To qualify for the Georgia Dream Homeownership Program, you must: Be a first-time homebuyer, have not owned a home in the past three years, or be purchasing a home in certain areas of Georgia.

How much is a downpayment on a 200000 house? ›

To purchase a $200,000 house, you need a down payment of at least $40,000 (20% of the home price) to avoid PMI on a conventional mortgage. If you're a first-time home buyer, you could save a smaller down payment of $10,000–20,000 (5–10%).

What credit score is needed for a $350 000 house? ›

Some mortgage lenders are happy with a credit score of 580, but many prefer 620-660 or higher.

How can I build my credit fast? ›

The quickest ways to increase your credit score
  1. Report your rent and utility payments. ...
  2. Pay off debt if you can. ...
  3. Get a secured credit card. ...
  4. Request a credit limit increase. ...
  5. Become an authorized user. ...
  6. Dispute credit report errors.
Feb 21, 2022

What credit score is needed to buy a house with no money down? ›

What credit score do I need to buy a house with no money down? No-down-payment lenders usually set 620 as the lowest credit score to buy a house. You can boost your credit score by keeping your revolving charge card balances to a minimum and paying all your bills on time.

Can I buy a house if I make 25K a year? ›

Mortgage experts recommend spending no more than 28 percent of your gross monthly income on a housing payment. So if you make $25K per year, you can likely afford around $580 per month for a house payment.

How much should you spend on your 1st house? ›

As a general rule, you shouldn't spend more than about 33% of your monthly gross income on housing. If you choose to spend over that amount on your mortgage each month, you run the risk of becoming what's known as house poor, which is when you spend a large portion of your monthly income on your home.

How much is a downpayment on a 100k house? ›

With a 20% down payment (or $20,000) on a 30-year $100,000 mortgage, you'd need to make at least $1,418 in minimum monthly income to afford it. That means your annual household income would have to be around $17,000 to afford a $100,000 home with 20% down.

Do lenders look at gross or net income? ›

While your net income accounts for your taxes and other deductions, your gross income does not. Lenders look at your gross income when determining how much of a monthly payment you can afford.

Does rent count in debt-to-income ratio? ›

These are some examples of payments included in debt-to-income: Monthly mortgage payments (or rent) Monthly expense for real estate taxes. Monthly expense for home owner's insurance.

What is considered monthly debt when buying a home? ›

Loan Payments

This includes the payments you make each month on auto loans, student loans, home equity loans and personal loans. Basically, any loan that requires you to make a monthly payment is considered part of your debt when you are applying for a mortgage.

What 3 rules should determine how much you spend on a house? ›

Income: You can use your income as a starting point when calculating how much you want to spend on a house. Debt: Your debt and monthly expenses factor into how much you can spend on bills each month. Cash reserves: You'll need cash on-hand to pay for your down payment and closing costs.

What are the three most important things in real estate? ›

The three most important factors when buying a home are location, location, and location. Too often I hear people talking about making decisions based on the home itself, instead of the location, and that is a mistake.

What do you typically need to buy a house? ›

To buy a house, you'll need a qualifying credit score and debt-to-income ratio, proof of income and employment, and enough cash to cover the down payment and closing costs. Specific qualifying requirements will vary depending on your loan program and mortgage lender.

How much house can I afford if I make $60000 a year? ›

How much of a home loan can I get on a $60,000 salary? The general guideline is that a mortgage should be two to 2.5 times your annual salary. A $60,000 salary equates to a mortgage between $120,000 and $150,000.

How much house can I afford if I make $80000 a year? ›

For the couple making $80,000 per year, the Rule of 28 limits their monthly mortgage payments to $1,866. Ideally, you have a down payment of at least 10%, and up to 20%, of your future home's purchase price. Add that amount to your maximum mortgage amount, and you have a good idea of the most you can spend on a home.

How much house can I afford if I make $70,000 a year? ›

If you're an aspiring homeowner, you may be asking yourself, “I make $70,000 a year: how much house can I afford?” If you make $70K a year, you can likely afford a home between $290,000 and $360,000*. That's a monthly house payment between $2,000 and $2,500 a month, depending on your personal finances.

What are the 5 P's in real estate? ›

These five elements are Plan, Process, People, Property, and Profit.
  • Plan: The first P in real estate is Plan. ...
  • Process: The second P in real estate is Process. ...
  • People: The third P in real estate is People. ...
  • Property: The fourth P in real estate is Property. ...
  • Profit: The final P in real estate is Profit.

What are the three C's of real estate? ›

They evaluate credit and payment history, income and assets available for a down payment and categorize their findings as the Three C's: Capacity, Credit and Collateral.

What are the 5 aspects of real estate? ›

There are five main categories of real estate which include residential, commercial, industrial, raw land, and special use. Investing in real estate includes purchasing a home, rental property, or land. Indirect investment in real estate can be made via REITs or through pooled real estate investment.

What credit score is good for buying a house? ›

It's recommended you have a credit score of 620 or higher when you apply for a conventional loan. If your score is below 620, lenders either won't be able to approve your loan or may be required to offer you a higher interest rate, which can result in higher monthly payments.

What is the first thing to bring in a new house? ›

New home superstitions suggest that you bring bread and salt, as well as honey, wine, and rice, the very first time when you step through the threshold of your new place, so you never know hunger and have a sweet life full of joy and excitement.

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