Can you buy investment property with 401k? (2024)

Can I use 401k to buy an investment property?

The primary benefit of buying investment property via a 401k is that you're able to do so by taking a loan that is both tax-free and penalty-free. There are other tax benefits worth consideration. For instance, when purchasing a property with a 401k, any income generated from that property will not be taxed.

While these regulations may seem harsh, they are in place to incentivize account holders to set aside enough money to support a comfortable retirement. That being said, it's not illegal to withdraw money from your 401(k) early, and those funds can certainly be put toward a down payment on a house.

You can use withdrawals from your 401(k) to purchase a second home, but you could be slapped with a 10 percent tax penalty. However, there are a several exceptions you might be able to use to sidestep the penalty. Withdrawals are not state-specific regarding penalties, but your state income tax may be affected.

Using Your 401k for a Down Payment. There's no specific penalty exemption for home purchases when you pull money out of a 401k, so any money you take out will be classified as a “hardship exemption.” You'll be assessed a penalty of 10% on the amount withdrawn and you'll have to pay income tax on it as well.

401(k) withdrawals are generally not recommended as a means to buy a house because they're subject to steep fees and penalties that don't apply to 401(k) loans. If you take a 401(k) withdrawal before age 59½, you'll have to pay: A 10% early withdrawal penalty on the funds removed. Income tax on the amount withdrawn.

In general, you can only borrow up to 50% of your vested account balance or $50,000, whichever is less. Some plans may offer an exception if your balance is less than $10,000; you may be allowed to withdraw the entire amount. With a withdrawal, there are no limits on the amount, assuming your plan allows you to do so.

If your retirement includes savings in an IRA, 401(k) or other retirement accounts, you can use it as income to qualify for a mortgage. First, underwriters start with 70 percent of your investment balances, to account for fluctuations in the values of stocks and bonds (cash deposits are not subject to this).

Also, participants in a 401(k) plan can borrow only up to $50,000, and sometimes less, depending on how much they have in their 401(k). That might be enough to buy a piece of land, but it won't be enough to do more extensive real-estate investing.

The CARES Act waives the 10% penalty for early withdrawals from account holders of 401(k) and IRAs if they qualify as coronavirus distributions. If you qualify under the stimulus package (see above) and your company permits hardship withdrawals, you'll be able to access your 401(k) funds without penalty.

Can you use 401k as collateral for a loan?

No, it is not allowed to use your 401k or IRA as collateral for a loan. If it's your current 401k account, meaning you are still with the same employer, you can check and see if your 401k plan allows the loan option. If it does, you can borrow from your 401k (this is not an available option for an IRA).

Roth IRA Withdrawal Rules

“As long as your Roth IRA has been established for at least five years, you can use that money penalty-free for a home down payment as long as it qualifies as a first-time home purchase,” Levine says.

How often can I borrow from my 401(k)? Most employer 401(k) plans will only allow one loan at a time, and you must repay that loan before you can take out another one.

The Income Needed To Qualify for A $500k Mortgage

A good rule of thumb is that the maximum cost of your house should be no more than 2.5 to 3 times your total annual income. This means that if you wanted to purchase a $500K home or qualify for a $500K mortgage, your minimum salary should fall between $165K and $200K.

Retirement accounts

The reason is simple: The lender is considering the value of those accounts in the case that you have to liquidate them to pay your bills. You would be subject to early withdrawal penalties, as well as potential fluctuations in value based on market conditions.

The rule of thumb is you can afford a mortgage where your monthly housing costs are no more than 32% of your gross household income, and where your total debt load (including housing costs) is no more than 40% of your gross household income. This rule is based on your debt service ratios.

The IRS allows penalty-free withdrawals from retirement accounts after age 59 ½ and requires withdrawals after age 72. (These are called required minimum distributions, or RMDs.)

What Is the Rule of 55? The rule of 55 is an IRS guideline that allows you to avoid paying the 10% early withdrawal penalty on 401(k) and 403(b) retirement accounts if you leave your job during or after the calendar year you turn 55.

Most 401(k) plans allow account holders to borrow from their vested balance. Generally, participants can borrow up to 50 percent of that balance, up to a maximum amount of $50,000.

If you quit working or change employers, the loan must be paid back. If you can't repay the loan, it is considered defaulted, and you will be taxed on the outstanding balance, including an early withdrawal penalty if you are not at least age 59 ½. There may be fees involved.

How much tax do I pay on 401k withdrawal?

When you take 401(k) distributions and have the money sent directly to you, the service provider is required to withhold 20% for federal income tax. 1 If this is too much—if you effectively only owe, say, 15% at tax time—this means you'll have to wait until you file your taxes to get that 5% back.

Like most loans (except maybe those from Mom and Dad), a 401(k) loan comes with interest. The rate is usually a point or two above the prime rate. Right now, the prime rate sits at 5.5%, so your 401(k) loan rate will come out between 6.5% and 7.5%.