What Is ROI On Real Estate Investments? (2024)

Although it may sound complicated, most ROI calculations are actually very simple. In general, the ROI of an investment is equal to the gain minus the cost, divided by the cost.

ROI = (Investment Gain − Investment Cost) ÷ Investment Cost

But some calculations may vary depending on the type of investment being considered. Variables such as repair and maintenance costs, the initial amount of money borrowed to make the investment and certain mortgage terms will ultimately impact the ROI. To help you ensure your investment is secure, we will be breaking down some of the most common scenarios in which ROI is used and how you can account for these variables in your calculations.

Resales And Cash Sales

For the simplest ROI calculation, it’s easiest to assume a cash deal and a resale, also known as a flipped property investment. In this scenario, the investor doesn't have a mortgage to account for in their calculations.

For example, suppose an investor buys a long-vacant foreclosure house for $100,000 and knows that comparable homes in good repair can sell for $200,000. They then spend $50,000 to renovate, planning to put it on the market for $200,000 when the repairs are completed. In this scenario, the ROI is 33.3% using the following equation.

ROI = Net Profit ($200,000 − $150,000) ÷ Total Investment ($150,000)

Rentals

If you’re looking to earn rental income through your investment property, there will be a few additional steps to determine the property’s ROI. This starts with estimating your annual rental income, which is frequently accomplished by searching for similar rental properties in the area. During this step, look for the average monthly rent for the type of property and multiply that rent by 12 to determine the potential annual rental income.

Once you know the annual potential rental income, you can use it to estimate your net operating income. The net operating income of a rental property is equal to the annual rental income minus the annual operating expenses – such as maintenance, insurance, property taxes and homeowners association (HOA) fees. When calculating your net operating income, be sure not to include your mortgage payments or interest, as these will be accounted for elsewhere in the ROI calculation.

Now that you’ve subtracted your operating costs from your potential rental income, you have your potential net operating income and you’re ready to calculate the ROI. Divide your net operating income by the total value that's still due on the mortgage to determine the ROI. The formula will look something like this:

ROI = (Annual Rental Income − Annual Operating Costs) ÷ Mortgage Value

REITs

If you’re looking for more passive investments, buying shares in real estate investment trusts (REITs) may allow you to enjoy the returns without doing any of the work. REITs or REIT funds are bought and sold on major public exchanges and offer steady income and appreciation growth, with an average annual return of 12.99%.

As an investment enthusiast well-versed in financial analysis and diverse investment strategies, I have a strong background in evaluating Return on Investment (ROI) across various scenarios and asset classes. I'll break down the concepts embedded in the article about ROI calculations and investment scenarios, providing in-depth insights into each concept.

1. ROI Calculation Overview: ROI is a fundamental metric used to assess the profitability of an investment. The general formula for calculating ROI is: [ \text{ROI} = \left( \frac{\text{Investment Gain} - \text{Investment Cost}}{\text{Investment Cost}} \right) \times 100 ] It represents the gain or loss generated on an investment relative to the initial cost.

2. Resales and Cash Sales:

   • In scenarios like flipping properties without a mortgage, the ROI calculation simplifies.
   • Formula: (\text{ROI} = \left( \frac{\text{Net Profit}}{\text{Total Investment}} \right) \times 100)
   • Net Profit = Sales Price - Purchase Price - Renovation Costs

3. Rentals:

   • Determining ROI for rental properties involves more steps due to additional income and expenses.
   • Calculate Potential Annual Rental Income: Multiply average monthly rent by 12.
   • Net Operating Income (NOI): Annual Rental Income - Operating Expenses (excluding mortgage costs).
   • Formula: (\text{ROI} = \left( \frac{\text{Net Operating Income}}{\text{Mortgage Value}} \right) \times 100)

4. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts):

   • REITs offer a passive way to invest in real estate without direct property ownership.
   • These are publicly traded companies that own and manage income-producing real estate.
   • ROI calculation for REITs involves analyzing annual returns or dividends against the initial investment.

5. Consideration of Variables in ROI Calculations:

   • Variables like repair costs, borrowed money, mortgage terms, operating expenses, and potential income impact ROI.
   • Understanding these variables is crucial for accurate ROI assessments.

6. Adjustments for Different Investment Types:

   • Each investment type (property flipping, rental income, REITs) has distinct ROI calculation methodologies due to their inherent differences in income streams, expenses, and capital structure.

In summary, understanding ROI calculations is pivotal for making informed investment decisions across diverse asset classes. Analyzing variables, income streams, and expenses is essential for accurate ROI assessments, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of an investment's profitability.