Age may be just a number, but that number matters when it comes to retiring.
The common definition of early retirement is any age before 65 — that’s when you may qualify forMedicarebenefits. Currently, men retire at anaverage age of 64, while for women the average retirement age is 62.1,2
Retiring before the traditional age of 65 can feel exciting and give you something to look forward to. Whether you want to travel, take up new hobbies, or simply start a new chapter in your life, consider having a retirement plan.
Even if you’re one of the lucky few who don’t want or plan to retire, understanding what’s possible is valuable as you enter the later stages of life.
Early retirement challenges
While there is research to show that working longer may keep you healthier and happier, there’s also evidence for the opposing view.
TheNational Bureau of Economic Researchfound that “retirement improves both health and life satisfaction,” in part by factoring in the number of people who are forced to retire due to health issues.3
However, one challenge is ensuring that you have enough assets to provide an acceptable level of income throughout your remaining years, so you’re financially ready to live without a paycheck.
Theaverage lifespanin the U.S. is just under 79 years. For someone who retires at 55, this means they need to save up at least 24 years’ worth of income, and even healthier individuals who live beyond the age of 79 may need to have an even larger nest egg.4
How Social Security affects early retirement
While you’ll becomeeligible for Social Securityat age 62, you won’t qualify for your full monthly benefit amount until a few years later.5
If you claim your benefits by 62, you only get roughly 75% of the full amount, which is adjusted because you’ll be getting checks for a longer period of time.
Spousal benefits can also be decreased if you take your benefit early. Specifically, spousal benefits are reduced to35% of your full retirement amount, compared to 50% if you wait until at least 66.
If you are healthy and likely to live a long time, you may consider delaying Social Security until age 70 to help you get the most value from the system you’ve paid into over your working years.
How Medicare affects early retirement
Medicare benefits start on the first day of the month in which you turn 65.
If you retire before this age, you will need to consider alternative health insurance options. You could explore if your former insurance plan will keep you grouped with the actively employed population as a retiree. (This is a typically rare yet lucrative benefit these days.)
Other options are COBRA or Health-Share, or joining your spouse’s plan if they are still working.
Weigh your health insurance options to see which works best for you until your Medicare coverage begins.
How your savings affects early retirement
If you have sufficient savings, retiring early may be more achievable than you think. Why? Many people assume their retirement money is off limits until they reach age 59½. But a special rule in most 401(k) plans allowspenalty-free withdrawalsfrom age 55 – 59½ — but only if you leave your job after your 55th birthday.
If you still have money in your 401(k) plan from a former employer, and assuming you weren’t at least age 55 when you left that employer, you’ll have to wait until age 59½ to start taking withdrawals without penalty.
Additionally, if you have old 401(k)s rolled into your current 401(k) before you retire from your current job, you will have access to these funds penalty-free if you leave your current job after your 55th birthday.
As you save for retirement, consider diversifying your savings. Most people focus on filling up their401(k) bucket, but remember you may want to consider taxable or Roth (when possible) savings. Putting money in different account types (pretax, taxable, post-tax) may help you retire before age 59½. It will also offer flexibility and possibletax savingsif you can be strategic about the account types you withdraw from in retirement.
The bottom line
Many people can’t wait for the day when they finally call it quits on their careers. Still, constantly worrying about finances isn’t exactly the way to spend your later years. To help get yourself on track, you can project your retirement readiness with Empower's Retirement Planner. You can also use thepersonal financetools totrack your spendingand cash flow,analyze your portfolio andtrack your net worthover time.
