Generally, a wash sale is what occurs when you sell securities at a loss and buy the same shares within 30 days before or after the sale date. Wash sale rules are designed to prevent investors from creating a deductible loss for the purpose of offsetting gains with only a short interruption in owning the security.
Specifically, the following situations count as a wash sale:
- You sell or trade stock, mutual fund shares, or bonds at a loss.
- Within 30 days before or after the sale date, you:
- Buy substantially identical stock or shares
- Gain substantially identical stock or securities in a fully taxable trade
- Obtain a contract or option to buy substantially identical stock or securities
- Get substantially identical stock for a traditional orRoth IRA
If you have a loss from a wash sale, you can’t deduct the loss on your return. However, a gain on a wash sale is taxable.
Why Do Wash Sale Rules Exist?
The wash sale rules are designed to prevent people from selling investments and then buying the same stock back. Investors do this for the sole purpose of:
- Creating a deductible loss
- Using the loss to offset other shares sold for a gain
- Still keeping the stock or security in their investment portfolio
You can’t sell a stock or mutual fund at a loss and then buy it again it within 30 days just to claim the losses.
You’ll need to figure the basis for shares sold in a wash sale. When you do, add the amount of disallowed loss to the basis of the shares that caused the wash sale. These are the new shares you received. By doing this, you defer the loss, but it’s not disallowed for good. You’ll get the benefit of the loss when you eventually sell the new shares (unless it’s another wash sale!).
You also have a wash sale if both of these apply:
- You sell stock at a loss.
- Your spouse — or a corporation you control — buys the same stock within the 30 days before and after the date of the sale.
Also, you might have bought fewer shares of stock or securities than you sold. If so, only the number of shares you bought is subject to the wash-sale rules.
How Do I Report Wash Sales on My Taxes?
Report wash sales onForm 8949 if filing taxes on your own. Or, in the H&R Block online program, go toSale of Stocks. For the disposition type, chooseWash Sale. The program will calculate it for you.
For shares you sold that aren’t subject to the wash sale rules, report the sale as an ordinary transaction.
To learn more about identical stocks and securities, see Publication 550: Investment Income and Expenses at www.irs.gov.
