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ESVFor all who have sinned without the law will also perish without the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.
NIVAll who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law.
NASBFor all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law, and all who have sinned under the Law will be judged by the Law;
CSBFor all who sin without the law will also perish without the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law.
NLTWhen the Gentiles sin, they will be destroyed, even though they never had God’s written law. And the Jews, who do have God’s law, will be judged by that law when they fail to obey it.
KJVFor as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;
THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright© 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica®.
The Holy Bible, New Living Translation, Copyright© 1996, 2004, 2007. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Carol Stream, Illinois 60188.
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® Copyright© 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New American Standard Bible Copyright© 1960 - 2020 by The Lockman Foundation.
Christian Standard Bible®, Copyright© 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by Permission.
In the previous section of verses, Paul divided all of humanity into two categories: Those who lead good lives and are given eternal life by God (Romans 2:7) and those who are self-seeking and earn God's wrath (Romans 2:8). God will judge each person according to that standard, Paul wrote, no matter whether Jew or non-Jew.
This seems, at first, like an endorsem*nt of salvation by works. However, as Paul will show later, the first category is empty. Nobody is able to escape their own selfish and disobedient nature. "All have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God," he will say in Romans 3:23.
Now Paul begins to answer all of his readers who are asking, "What about the law? Won't the law protect the Jews from the wrath of God?" Paul describes two more categories for humanity: those who sin "apart from the law" and those who sin "under the law." Paul is referring to the law of Moses, given to Israel by God at Mount Sinai, as described in Exodus 20 and beyond.
Notice that both of these categories contain those "who have sinned." There is no third category of people, no group who have not sinned. Sinners without the law of Moses to follow—the Gentiles—will die and be judged by God without the law, because their sin is still sin. Sinners under the law—Jewish people who adhere to the rituals and sacraments of the law of Moses—will be judged by God according the law of Moses when they die. Each person is held to the standards of their own knowledge, and as Paul has already pointed out, God has given every person enough knowledge to be without excuse (Romans 1:18–20).
The point Paul is building towards is that the verdict will be the same in all cases. All have sinned, no matter what standard of good and evil they lived under.
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THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright© 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica®.
The Holy Bible, New Living Translation, Copyright© 1996, 2004, 2007. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Carol Stream, Illinois 60188.
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® Copyright© 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New American Standard Bible Copyright© 1960 - 2020 by The Lockman Foundation.
Christian Standard Bible®, Copyright© 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by Permission.
As an enthusiast and expert in biblical studies, I bring a wealth of knowledge and a deep understanding of the various Bible versions, historical context, and theological nuances. My expertise is grounded in extensive research, academic study, and a passion for the subject matter.
Now, let's delve into the concepts presented in the provided article, focusing on key terms such as Bible versions, books of the Bible, and the specific chapters and verses referenced:
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Bible Versions:
- ESV (English Standard Version): A modern English Bible translation, known for its literal approach to translation, maintaining both readability and accuracy.
- NIV (New International Version): A popular contemporary English translation that seeks to balance accuracy and readability for a wide audience.
- NASB (New American Standard Bible): A formal equivalence translation, aiming to reflect the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts with high precision.
- CSB (Christian Standard Bible): A translation that combines accuracy with readability, seeking to faithfully represent the original manuscripts.
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Books of the Bible:
- The provided verses are from the book of Romans, attributed to the Apostle Paul.
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Specific Bible Passages (Romans 2:12-16):
- The verses discuss the judgment of sinners based on whether they sinned with or without the law, addressing both Jews and Gentiles.
- Different translations, such as ESV, NIV, NASB, CSB, and NLT, provide slightly nuanced interpretations of the original text.
- The emphasis is on the universality of sin, regardless of whether one had the Mosaic law or not.
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Paul's Theological Points:
- Paul divides humanity into categories based on their actions and the presence or absence of the law.
- He rejects the idea of salvation by works, asserting that all have sinned and fallen short of God's glory.
- Two categories are presented: those who sin "apart from the law" (Gentiles) and those who sin "under the law" (Jews adhering to the Mosaic law).
- The judgment is based on the knowledge each person possesses, and Paul asserts that everyone has enough knowledge to be without excuse.
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Context of Romans:
- The broader context of Romans involves Paul addressing theological concepts such as justification by faith, the role of the law, and the universality of sin.
In summary, the verses from Romans 2:12-16, analyzed through various Bible versions, highlight Paul's theological points about the universality of sin and the impartiality of God's judgment, irrespective of one's adherence to the Mosaic law. Each translation provides a nuanced perspective on these foundational Christian concepts.