Before the internet enabled money to be instantly transferable, owning a stock meant possessing a physical stock certificate, and trading a security required several days to complete. That’s why the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) created settlement periods — to allow time for buyers and sellers to physically exchange their respective halves of the trade.
While it no longer takes days to transfer money, settlement periods are still a factor of securities trading, creating the concept of unsettled funds.
What are unsettled funds?
The proceeds created by selling a security are considered unsettled funds (a.k.a. unsettled cash) from the time you place a trade order until the completion of the settlement period (more on settlement periods momentarily). Because stocks have a two-business-day settlement period, proceeds generated by selling stock in a cash account are considered unsettled for the two-day period following the trade date, since the sale is not technically completed.
What are settled funds or settled cash?
You guessed it: Settled funds are basically the inverse of unsettled funds. Proceeds from selling a security become settled funds after the settlement period has ended. Similarly, cash you deposit or wire into your brokerage account to use for trading is considered settled.
![What Are Unsettled Funds? (2) What Are Unsettled Funds? (2)](https://i0.wp.com/www.ally.com/do-it-right/images/2020/04/1219-Unsettled-funds-graphic-v1.png)
What is a settlement period?
The settlement period is the time from the date on which the trade is executed on the market to the date on which the trade is finalized.
Under Federal Reserve Board Regulation T, securities transactions in a cash account must be paid for in full. By the end of the settlement period, a buyer must have paid for the trade completely and the seller must have delivered the security.
As money transfers can now be completed instantaneously, in 2017, the United States adopted the two-day settlement period in lieu of the then-existing three-day settlement period in effect since 1993. More specifically, this means stock trades settle two business days following the trade date (T+2). For example, if a stock is sold on Monday, the trade is settled on Wednesday. ETFs follow the same rules as stocks and have a T+2 settlement period.
Other types of securities have different settlement periods. For instance, option trades settle one business day following the trade date (T+1). Most mutual funds’ settlement periods currently are T+2, but some may vary between T+1 and T+3.
Can you buy other securities with unsettled funds?
While your funds remain unsettled until the completion of the settlement period, you can use the proceeds from a sale immediately to make another purchase in a cash account, as long as the proceeds do not result from a day trade. (Proceeds from a day trade can only be used on the following trading day.)
Depending on your brokerage, the cash you can use to buy securities may be referred to as your “cash buying power” or “cash available to trade.” It combines settled cash and unsettled proceeds.
If you purchase a security in a cash account with either insufficient funds or unsettled funds, you must hold that security until either you pay for it fully with a new deposit, or the settlement date of the trade that generated the funds for the purchase. (On the other hand, if you purchase a security with settled funds in your cash account, you may sell that security at any time without restriction.)
When you use unsettled sale proceeds to purchase another security, you agree in good faith to hold the new purchase until the funds from the original sale settle.
For example: Consider you sold stock XYZ for $5,000 on Monday. Then, on Tuesday, you used the unsettled funds to purchase stock ABC for $4,000. You must hold on to stock ABC until the proceeds from your stock XYZ sale settle on Wednesday.
Read our Unsettled Proceeds Sales disclosure here.
What are the settlement violations?
If you trade using unsettled funds in good faith, you should be aware of potential settlement violations.
Cash liquidation violation: A cash liquidation violation occurs when you don’t have sufficient cash to cover the cost of a trade. For example, consider you have $1,000 of settled cash in your account, and you own $2,000 of stock ABC. On Monday, you purchase stock XYZ for $2,000, and on Tuesday you sell $1,000 of stock ABC. The settlement date for your purchase of stock XYZ is Wednesday (T+2), meaning you must pay for it in full by then. However, the settlement date for your sale of stock ABC isn’t until Thursday, meaning the sale was not finalized in time to pay for the purchase of stock XYZ.
Freeride violation: A freeride violation occurs when you purchase a security in a cash account with insufficient funds and sell the same security before paying for it in full by the settlement date.
Good faith violation: While unsettled funds may be used to purchase a security in good faith, you cannot sell any part of the newly purchased security before the funds have settled. Doing so is a good faith violation.
Keep in mind: The rules for trading in a cash account are different from a margin account. (In order to trade in a margin account, you’ll need to apply for a margin account and maintain a minimum account balance of $2,000.) When purchasing securities in a cash account, remember that stocks have a two-business-day settlement period from trade date to settlement date. During that time, proceeds from a sale are considered unsettled funds.
Can you sell a stock before the settlement date?
The key is knowing if you bought the stock using settled or unsettled cash. If you bought the stock (or other type of security) using settled cash, you can sell it at any time. But if you buy a stock with unsettled funds, selling it before the funds used to purchase have settled is a violation of Regulation T (a.k.a. a good faith violation, mentioned above). If you commit a violation, you’ll be penalized with a 90-day restriction on your account.
Settle down and trade on.
While stock trades don’t require the in-person hand off of cash and certificates they did in the past, it’s important to remember that settlement periods still remain. Understanding unsettled funds and how you can and cannot use them will help you keep your trades in-line.
Contact us at Ally Invest if you have questions regarding unsettled funds in your cash account.
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Comments
21
1
Kell on July 2, 2018 at 5:10pm
Can I buy and sell one stock on every Monday and NOT be flagged as a Pattern Day Trader? would I still be required tokeep $25000 onhand?
2
Martin on November 24, 2019 at 7:22am
I wonder about the actual time of day when the funds settle. If you sell a stock on Monday, then wait 2 business days (until Wednesday I presume), is there a certain time on Wednesday that you have to wait until or can you immediately sell the stock any time after the opening on Wednesday?
3
Ally on December 3, 2019 at 4:44pm
Hi Martin, if you’ll give us a call at 1-855-880-2559 one of our team members will be more than happy to help answer your questions.
4
Dale on December 12, 2019 at 10:35am
Aly is very suspicious and inconsistent with this in my experience
5
Dale on December 12, 2019 at 11:12am
The fact that you deleted my comment about the inconsistencies in the unsettled funds is even more suspicious
6
Chang on April 17, 2020 at 8:46am
1) If you buy stock ABC with cash available in your cash account, can you sell that stock the same day? 2) For cash account, if you buy stock XYZ with already settled fund (proceed from selling ABC stock, T+2 days ago), can you sell the stock XYZ you bought the same day without waiting for the bought stock?
7
Ally on April 17, 2020 at 9:09am
Hi Chang, please give us a call at 1-855-880-2559, one of our team members will be more than happy to discuss your options.
8
Kelci W. on May 27, 2020 at 12:43pm
if i sold stock ABC on wednesday for $200, then it should be settled by friday right? if i did not invest any of the money during the 2 day settlement period, on friday, will i should have $200 to withdraw as physical cash, correct?
9
Timothy N. on July 20, 2020 at 8:29pm
What would I need to make trades Dailey. Guess I’m not totally understanding the trading game being I’m new to it all
10
Flo on September 26, 2020 at 6:39am
Hi, Under «free ride restriction», we can continue to trade but we have to wait 2 business days before being able to use the proceeds of the sale to buy another stock? That’s it? Thank you
11
David S. on January 15, 2021 at 9:31am
Sounds good
12
David S. on January 15, 2021 at 9:34am
I wish Ally was Tradeking again.
13
KT on February 8, 2021 at 10:58am
Why would ally sell my stock to cover a returned ACH? I’ve been here for 3 years and have a large balance. This morning $550 dollars worth of one stock was sold without any warning or message or email. Wtf is this type of dictatorship? Why not email me or message me so that I can cover the amount? You just go ahead and make your own decisions?
14
Sayeed on July 28, 2021 at 2:43pm
The article does not explain why settlement takes 2 days in this era of electronic transactions. Who gets benefit of keeping funds for additional 2 days ? :)
15
Philip L. on November 2, 2021 at 11:33am
Ally has been one of the best high quality low cost brokers I have ever used. Thanks for changing my life and getting me in the financial game.
16
Dandelion on November 8, 2021 at 7:02pm
Does unsettled funds pay off your margin debt? Suppose you have $5000 in margin. On Monday, you sell $5000 of stocks. You have $5000 unsettled funds. Then on Wednesday, the funds settle. Do you pay interests for the $5000 margin for Monday and Tuesday?
17
Ally on November 8, 2021 at 7:03pm
Hi, thanks for reaching out. Our team would be happy to answer your questions if you’ll give us a call at 1-855-880-2559 or chat with us online at ally.com.
18
vafele on April 12, 2022 at 2:59pm
are settled funds the capital gains of the trade or the entire trade balance itself
19
Ally on April 12, 2022 at 3:00pm
Hi, thanks for reaching out. Please give us a call at 1-877-247-2559, so we can assist further.
20
Glenn on May 10, 2022 at 3:26pm
Can you, PLEASE, explain the key difference between a FREE RIDE and a GOOD FAITH violations? I read a dozen of articles and all descriptions make these two to be the same... Thanks! :)
21
Ally on May 10, 2022 at 3:27pm
Hi, please give us a call at 1-877-247-2559, so we can discuss this with you further.