What Are Unsecured Loans? (2024)

Updated on March 9, 2022

Reviewed byCierra Murry

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In This Article

  • Definition and Examples of Unsecured Loans
  • How Unsecured Loans Work
  • Unsecured Loans vs. Secured Loans
  • Pros and Cons of Unsecured Loans

What Are Unsecured Loans? (1)

Definition

Unsecured loans are loans that are approved without the need for collateral. If a borrower defaults on the loan, the lender is left with few options to get paid, outside of filing a lawsuit.

Key Takeaways

  • An unsecured loan is one that doesn't need collateral or a security deposit to receive.
  • Unsecured loans come in three main forms: personal loan, student loans, and unsecured credit cards.
  • Unsecured loans are also known as "good faith loans" or "signature loans."
  • Collateral is required for a secured loan.
  • Collateral can be a home, car, cash, investments, or other assets.

Definition and Examples of Unsecured Loans

An unsecured loan is one that doesn't require collateral or a security deposit. With an unsecured loan, instead of pledging assets, borrowers qualify based on their credit history and income. Lenders do not have the right to take physical assets—such as a home or vehicle—if borrowers stop making payments on unsecured loans. You promise to repay, but you don’t back up that promise by pledging collateral.

  • Alternative names: Signature loan, good faith loan

A few examples of types of unsecured loans include:

  • Personal loans
  • Student loans
  • Unsecured credit cards

Personal loans are available from banks, credit unions, and online lenders, and can be used for any purpose you see fit.Private student loansand those through the Department of Education are typically unsecured.

Note

The majority of credit cards available are also unsecured. Even though you might not think of credit cards as loans, you borrow money when you spend with them.

How Unsecured Loans Work

When applying for an unsecured loan, lenders check your borrowing history to see if you’ve successfully paid off loans in the past. Based on the information inyour credit reports, a computercreates a credit score, which is a shortcut for evaluating your creditworthiness.

To get an unsecured loan, you'll need good credit. If you've done minimal borrowing in the past, or have bad credit because you've fallen on hard times in your past, it is possible torebuild your creditover time. Consider taking steps to improve your credit score before applying for an unsecured loan.

Lenders will also want to be sure that you have enough income to repay any new loans. When you apply for a loan, whether secured or unsecured, lenders will ask for proof of income. Then, they will evaluate how much of a burden your new loan payment will be, relative to your monthly income. They typically do this by calculating adebt-to-income ratio.

Note

Your pay stubs, tax returns, and bank statements will most likely provide sufficient proof of income.

Unsecured Loans vs. Secured Loans

Unsecured LoanSecured Loan
No collateral neededRequires collateral
Common for loans with no tangible assets to reclaimCommon for loans for tangible assets that can be reclaimed

The fundamental difference between unsecured and secured loans is the need for collateral. When you apply for a secured loan, you must put up an asset—whether your home, car, investments, or cash—to receive it. In case you default on the loan, the collateral can be used to pay the lender. Secured loans are commonly used with mortgages and auto loans.

If you take out a mortgage, the home becomes the collateral. If you default on your payments, your lender can take sole possession of your home and resell it—a process known as "foreclosure." If you fail to make payments on your auto loan, your lender will take ownership of the vehicle.

Pros and Cons of Unsecured Loans

Pros Explained

From the borrower's perspective, the main advantage of an unsecured loan is the decrease in risk. If you receive an unsecured loan and can't make payments, you don't risk losing your assets; you just put your credit score at risk. For people and businesses with unsecured loans, there is also a chance that your debt will be discharged if you file for bankruptcy.

Cons Explained

Since unsecured loans don't require any collateral, the lender takes on more risk, which generally translates to higher interest rates and less-favorable terms. While unsecured loans may be less risky for the borrower, it's important to know how much more it could cost you over its duration. You may find that putting an asset down as collateral is more beneficial than the extra money you'll pay in interest.

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What Are Unsecured Loans? (2024)

FAQs

What is an unsecured loan? ›

An unsecured loan is a loan that doesn't require any type of collateral. Instead of relying on a borrower's assets as security, lenders approve unsecured loans based on a borrower's creditworthiness. 1. Examples of unsecured loans include personal loans, student loans, and credit cards.

What is an unsecured loan Quizlet? ›

An unsecured loan is a loan that is issued and supported only by the borrower's creditworthiness, rather than by a type of collateral.

What does an unsecured loan not have ___? ›

Unsecured loans don't involve any collateral. Common examples include credit cards, personal loans and student loans. Here, the only assurance a lender has that you will repay the debt is your creditworthiness and your word. For that reason, unsecured loans are considered a higher risk for lenders.

What are examples of unsecured debt? ›

Examples of unsecured debt include credit cards, medical bills, utility bills, and other instances in which credit was given without any collateral requirement. Unsecured loans are particularly risky for lenders because the borrower might choose to default on the loan through bankruptcy.

What do unsecured loans use? ›

What is an unsecured loan? Unsecured loans are credit options that do not require collateral. These loans typically offer smaller amounts when compared to secured loans like mortgage loans. An unsecured loan is usually provided without any end-use restrictions.

Are unsecured loans safe? ›

Unsecured loans are a great financing option for people who don't want to offer up collateral, which is something of value a lender can repossess to recoup its losses if you default. However, the lender takes on more risk without collateral and typically charges higher interest rates to compensate for the added risk.

What are the three main types of unsecured short term loans _____? ›

The three main types of unsecured short-term loans are trade credit, bank loans, and commercial paper.

Why is unsecured lending? ›

You might want to consider an unsecured loan if you want to borrow more than the value of your assets, if you would prefer not to offer security, or if you're a fast-growing business that needs finance quickly.

Are loans unsecured debt? ›

Loans may be secured or unsecured. Secured loans require some sort of collateral, such as a car, a home, or another valuable asset, that the lender can seize if the borrower defaults on the loan. Unsecured loans require no collateral but do require that the borrower be sufficiently creditworthy in the lender's eyes.

What is meant by "unsecured"? ›

not secured, especially not insured against loss, as by a bond or pledge: an unsecured loan. not made secure, as a door or lock of hair; unfastened. not protected against tapping or interception, as a telephone line or radio communication.

Which is usually true of unsecured loans? ›

Final answer: Unsecured loans generally charge higher interest rates than secured loans.

What is required for an unsecured loan quizlet? ›

An unsecured loan is one that is obtained without the use of property as collateral for the loan. Borrowers generally must have high credit ratings to be approved for an unsecured loan. Secured loans are those loans that are protected by an asset or collateral of some sort.

What is unsecured debt in simple terms? ›

Unsecured debt refers to debt created without any collateral promised to the creditor. In many loans, like mortgages and car loans, the creditor has a right to take the property if payments are not made.

What is the most common example of unsecured credit? ›

Some of the most common forms of unsecured loans are:
  • Personal loans.
  • Student loans.
  • Credit cards.

Can unsecured loans take you to court? ›

If you fail to pay unsecured debt, the creditor can't take any of your property without first suing you and getting a court judgment, subject to a few exceptions.

What is better a secured or unsecured loan? ›

A secured loan might be preferable (or your only option) if: You're buying property, like a home, car, etc. You don't have good enough credit to qualify for an unsecured loan with a low interest rate. You're taking out a large amount of debt that you need to repay over a long period of time, as with a mortgage.

What's the difference between a secured and unsecured loan? ›

Secured loans require some sort of collateral, such as a car, a home, or another valuable asset, that the lender can seize if the borrower defaults on the loan. Unsecured loans require no collateral but do require that the borrower be sufficiently creditworthy in the lender's eyes.

Do unsecured loans hurt credit? ›

Missing payments and defaulting on an unsecured loan won't cost you any collateral, but it tends to have a major impact on your credit. Because your payment history is the biggest factor in your credit score, missing even one loan payment can significantly affect your credit score.

Does an unsecured loan hurt credit score? ›

A personal loan can affect your credit score in a number of ways⁠—both good and bad. Taking out a personal loan isn't bad for your credit score in and of itself. However, it may affect your overall score for the short term and make it more difficult for you to obtain additional credit before that new loan is paid back.

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