The Great Wall of China (2024)

The one thing most people “know” about the Great Wall of China—that it is one of the only man-made structures visible from space—is not actually true. Since the wall looks a lot like the stone and soil that surround it, it is difficult to discern with the human eye even from low Earth orbit, and is difficult to make out in most orbital photos. However, this does not detract from the wonder of this astounding ancient structure.

For millennia, Chinese leaders instituted wall-building projects to protect the land from northern, nomadic invaders. One surviving section of such an ancient wall, in the Shandong province, is made of hard-packed soil called “rammed earth” and is estimated to be 2,500 years old. For centuries during the Warring States Period, before China was unified into one nation, such walls defended the borders.

Around 220 B.C.E., Qin Shi Huang, also called the First Emperor, united China. He masterminded the process of uniting the existing walls into one. At that time, rammed earth and wood made up most of the wall. Emperor after emperor strengthened and extended the wall, often with the aim of keeping out the northern invaders. In some places, the wall was constructed of brick. Elsewhere, quarried granite or even marble blocks were used. The wall was continuously brought up to date as building techniques advanced.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu Emperor, took power in 1368 C.E. He founded the Ming Dynasty, famous for its achievements in the arts of ceramics and painting. The Ming emperors improved the wall with watchtowers and platforms. Most of the familiar images of the wall show Ming-era construction in the stone. Depending on how the wall is measured, it stretches somewhere between 4,000 and 5,500 kilometers (2,500 and 3,400 miles).

In the 17th century, the Manchu emperors extended Chinese rule into Inner Mongolia, making the wall less important as a defense. However, it has retained its importance as a symbol of Chinese identity and culture. Countless visitors view the wall every year. It may not be clearly visible from space, but it is considered “an absolute masterpiece” here on Earth.

The Great Wall of China (2024)

FAQs

Who built the Great China wall and why? ›

The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476 BC) and Warring States periods (475–221 BC) were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) against incursions by nomads from ...

How long does it take to walk the Great Wall of China? ›

Winding its staggering way along over 5,000 miles, the Great Wall of China needs little in the way of introduction. It's long, seriously long – it would take around 18 months to walk its length.

How old is the Great Wall? ›

How many men did it take to build the Great Wall of China? ›

When Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, he not only used 300,000 troops, but also summoned more than 500,000 civilian workers from all over the country. In the case of a serious shortage of manpower, the courts would also adopt recruitment methods to resolve the issue of insufficient manpower.

What caused China to build the Great Wall? ›

Why was The Great Wall of China built? Over its history, The Great Wall served three different purposes throughout its history: to protect the Chinese Empire from foreign invaders, act as a psychological barrier between northern and southern civilizations, and protect the Silk Road Trade.

Does the China wall still exist? ›

Nearly all of the rest (about 70 percent of the total length) is actual constructed wall, with the small remaining stretches constituting ditches or moats. Although lengthy sections of the wall are now in ruins or have disappeared completely, it is still one of the more remarkable structures on Earth.

How long will the Great Wall of China last? ›

How long will the Great Wall of China last? - Quora. It will last as long as there are people around to maintain it. The bits you see on TV or tourist pictures were rebuilt in modern times. The rebuilt wall itself was rebuilt by the Ming in 600 years ago.

What surprising ingredient was found in the Great Wall of China? ›

Modern studies have found the bricks and mortar to be surprisingly sturdy. The mortar was made from a mixture of clay, lime, and a “secret ingredient” (recently discovered to be rice flour).

Has anyone run the entire Great Wall of China? ›

Braam Malherbe ran the length of the Great Wall of China, a distance of 4 218km, in a single attempt. That's a marathon a day over some of the harshest terrain on earth, for 98 days. It was a world first. His journey started in the Gobi Desert, crossed the jagged Taihang Shan range and ended at the Bohai Sea.

Who built Great Wall of China? ›

Around 220 B.C.E., Qin Shi Huang, also called the First Emperor, united China. He masterminded the process of uniting the existing walls into one. At that time, rammed earth and wood made up most of the wall.

Has anyone walked the entire Great Wall? ›

Who has walked the entire Great Wall of China? William Geil: a US explorer and geographer; completed hiking the entire Great Wall in 1908; time consumed: 5 months. Dong Yaohui: a leader of the Great Wall protection projects; completed the hiking on September 24, 1985; time consumed: 508 days.

Is the Great Wall of China older than Jesus? ›

No greater feat of construction exists on Earth than the Great Wall of China, a real accomplishment for a project that was started over 200 years before the birth of Christ.

Is the Great Wall a 7 Wonder? ›

The Great Wall is reputed as one of the seven construction wonders in the world not only for its long history, but its massive construction size, and its unique architectural style as well. A great army of manpower, composed of soldiers, prisoners, and local people, built the wall.

Is the Great Wall older than the Pyramids? ›

Some examples of structures that have become symbols of certain cultures are the Egyptian pyramids that originate from the period between 2800 BC and 2000 BC, the Parthenon in Greece from the fifth century BC, The Great Wall of China whose construction began in the fifth century before Christ, and the Colosseum in Rome ...

How long is China's Great Wall and why was it built? ›

To achieve their goal of military defense, people in ancient China tried to make the design of the Great Wall as perfect as possible. The main body of the Great Wall extends for more than 5,000 kilometers, linking tens of thousands of block towers and beacon towers. The beacon towers were also known as smoke mounds.

Who was the Great Wall of China built to keep out? ›

The Great Wall of China is actually a collection of many walls. The 8850-kilometre stretch beloved by tourists dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and was indeed built to defend China from the Mongols. However, centuries earlier, a wall was built far to the north.

Who built the Great Wall of China and how long did it take to build it? ›

The first went up some four centuries before Qin Shi Huang, who became China's first emperor in 221 BC, ordered a decade-long project to unite and expand these defences into a single barrier. Construction to create the current 13,000 miles of wall continued, on and off, for more than two millennia.

How many times was the Great Wall of China breached? ›

Much of what is known as the Great Wall today was built in the 16th century CE by the Ming dynasty. The primary purpose of the Great Wall of China was military—it served as a strategic defense against invasion along China's northern border. Over the last 2,500 years, it worked well—only really being breached twice.

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