An overview of business environment in Belarus: main industries, free economic zones, communications and transport infrastructure, science and engineering
Main industries in Belarus
Belarus has awell-developed industrial sector, which accounts for around 27% of the country’s GDP (2021). Some of its main industries are:
tractors and agricultural equipment (Belarusian tractors are well regarded throughout the region)
automotive industry (including dump trucks and earth movers)
electrical equipment and household appliances
radio electronics
chemicals
textiles
timber
Free economic zones in Belarus
Each region of Belarus has a free economic zone.
Brest (1996)
Gomel-Raton (1998)
(1998)
Vitebsk (1999)
Mogilev (2002)
Grodnoinvest (2002)
Businesses operating in these zones enjoy a range of benefits including:
exemption from income tax derived from the sale of goods or services in foreign markets or to other FEZ resident companies;
exemption from real estate tax: *within three years from the date of registration in the FEZ on buildings and structures that are built (acquired) during this period; * on buildings and structures located in the FEZ regardless of the area of their use (provided products are exported and (or) sold to other residents of the Belarusian FEZ);
exemption from payment of land tax and land lease fees: * for the period of design and construction of facilities, but not more than five years from the date of registration as a resident of the FEZ; * regardless of the area of their use (provided products are exported and (or) sold to other residents of the Belarusian FEZ);
No fee for issuing special work permits to allow foreign nationals and stateless persons to work in the territory of Belarus if they are involved in running an investment project in the FEZ.
Financing of expenses on new engineering and transport infrastructure required for the implementation of an investment project by a FEZ resident company, mostly from the funds of the State Investment Program and local budgets, with the priority being given to an investment project with a declared investment amount exceeding €10 million.
Belarus set up a special economic zone – theChina-Belarus industrial parkGreat Stone. Itfeatures industrial and logistics zones, residential and office buildings, financial and R&D centers. In accordance with the presidential decree, the industrial parkenjoys tax and customs privileges, other preferences and favorable conditions for doing business.
Communications infrastructure in Belarus
The national telecom operator in Belarus is Beltelecom. It provides voice and data services, hosting, and is responsible for the maintenance of main lines. The company's portfolio includes the brands byfly (high-speed Internet access) and ZALA (interactive television).
Telephone network: the phone system in Belarus is run by Beltelecom. The number of telephones connected to the public network was over 4.2 million (as of 1 January 2021).
Cellular communication: cellular communication is well developed in Belarus. Cellular communication covered 98.7% of the territory of the country where 99.9% of the population lived (2020). The number of subscribers of cellular mobile telecommunication is over 11.7 million.
Internet: The throughput capacity of the telecom links that connect Belarus with the rest of the world is 1,933Gbps (2020). The number of Internet users in the country is over 13.9 million (2020). The number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants is 141.
The fourth-generation cellular communication network based on the LTE standard has been developing in Belarus since December 2015. As of 1 January 2021 LTE cellular communication services were available to 89.5% of Belarus’ population.
The number of Belarus websites has increased significantly in recent years too. In 2015, work began on the development of the Cyrillic domain zone .бел.
Belarus ranks 32nd on the ICT Development Index released by the International Telecommunication Union in 2017.
Transport links in Belarus
The country has a geographically strategic position in the center of Europe, between the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. Belarus has very good road and rail networks.
The public transport system is excellent, with frequent, punctual rail and bus services throughout the country. Minsk metro is the country’s first underground rail network.
Importance of science and technology
With high levels of education in Belarus the Government isbusywith promoting the development of science and technology in the country.
In 2005 the Belarus president opened the Hi-Tech Park in Minsk, which resident companies can enjoy tax concessions and special opportunities to develop business in IT and related areas.
The Hi-Tech Park is located on the territory of 50ha of the Belarusian capital. The city’s high-tech idea unites a number of zones:
a scientific and production zone (buildings for IT companies),
a residential zone (houses for specialists, a school and a kindergarten),
a business and educational zone (a business center, offices of IT companies, a dormitory for the students of the IT Academy, a hotel),
a public and sport zone.
Unlike many similar parks in Europe and Asia, the Belarusian Hi-Tech Park is virtual. This means that for its resident companies the legal regime is valid across the country, regardless of the location of the office.
The Hi-Tech Park currently has 1,054 resident companies (October 2021).
The companies are engaged in:
software development;
development and assimilation of software solutions;
IT outsourcing, IT services;
outsourcing of business processes and other things.
The Hi-Tech Park’s resident companies focus on two areas:
custom-made software development to address unique challenges of any enterprise,
development of ready-to-use software.
Proprietary software of the HTP resident developers cater to companies (B2B) and household consumers (B2B).
For B2B market the HTP develops ERP systems, integrated banking systems, software for the complex automation of banks, cloud business platforms, etc.
For B2C market the HTP designs mobile applications for Android, iOS, computer games, and other products. The Belarusian game World of Tanks has achieved international recognition.
The HTP’s clients are companies from67 countries all over the world.
The HTP operates an HTP education center, the Belarusian-Indian education center, which trains personnel for the IT-industry.
Belarus is also working on the project to set up a technological cluster Belbiograd that will specialize in nano and biotechnologies and pharmaceutics.
Belarus market statistics
| GDP: | Br191 billion (2022) |
| GDP per capita: | Br20,738(2022) |
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