Thailand has long been known for its natural beauty and cultural diversity. It’s no wonder that over 40,000 US expats call Thailand their home. But while you savor the food and tropical climate, you may find Thailand taxes for US expats challenging.
Thailand at a Glance
- Primary Tax Form for Residents: PND 90 (Personal Income Tax Return)
- Tax Year: January 1st to December 31st
- Tax Deadline: March 31st of the following year for e-filing and April 30th for paper filing
- Currency: Thai Baht (THB)
- Population: Approximately 69 million (as of 2023)
- Number of US Expats: Varies, but estimated to be around 10,000
- Capital City: Bangkok
- Primary Language: Thai
- Tax Treaty: Yes
- Totalization Agreement: No
Review these 9 facts to make filing taxes easier while living in Thailand.
1. Who Is Considered a Tax Resident of Thailand?
Thailand’s residency requirements are determined by the Revenue Department, which is analogous to the IRS. The Revenue Department groups people into two basic categories: residents and non-residents.
To be a resident, you must live in Thailand for 180 days or more during a given tax year. Prior to that 180 days, you are considered a non-resident.
Knowing your status is essential, as it directly affects the taxes that apply to you.
2. Does Thailand Income Tax Apply to Foreign Income?
Yes, Thailand’s income tax does apply to foreign income. However, the rules differ for residents and non-residents.
Residents of Thailand are subject to tax on their worldwide income, regardless of where it is earned. This means that if you are a resident of Thailand, you must pay tax on any income you earn both in Thailand and abroad.
On the other hand, non-residents of Thailand are only subject to tax on income earned within Thailand.
3. Do Non-Residents Pay Income Tax in Thailand?
The Revenue Department charges taxes for foreigners working in Thailand. Non-residents also pay income tax on any money they earn during their time in Thailand.
Again, if you leave the country before the end of the tax year, you must file taxes on any income you generated during your visit. However, non-residents are exempt from paying taxes on foreign income.
4. Thailand Tax Rates
Thailand tax rates vary depending on your personal income. Rates are progressive and range from 0% for those who earn less than 150,000 baht to 35% for those who earn more than 5,000,001 baht.
The currency used in Thailand is the baht, and its abbreviation is THB. The Thai personal income tax rates are shown here in baht.
Income Tax Rates in Thailand
| Income | Tax Rate |
| Less than 150,000 THB | 0% |
| 150,001–300,000 | 5% |
| 300,001–500,000 THB | 10% |
| 500,001–750,000 THB | 15% |
| 750,001–1,000,000 THB | 20% |
| 1,000,001–2,000,000 THB | 25% |
| 2,000,001–4,000,000 THB | 30% |
| More than 4,000,000 THB | 35% |
Unlike the United States, the tax brackets in Thailand are based exclusively on income. Thailand residents won’t have to worry about tax status (e.g., “single,” “married filing jointly,” etc.) when filing their returns.
5. Tax Deadline in Thailand
Thailand taxes for US expats are due on March 31. Residents must file annually using a Personal Income Tax return (“PIT”).
If you are an entertainer or receive income from advertising fees, you must pay taxes twice each year. You’ll file your PIT return on March 31 and a “mid-year” return on September 30.
Every expat should know these 25 things about US expat taxes. Find out for yourself.
6. Other Taxable Income in Thailand
Income tax is the primary tax that impacts Americans working in Thailand. But US citizens living in Thailand are also subject to other forms of tax. Here’s a quick overview of each.
Capital Gains Tax
This income is subject to personal income tax if you earn money by selling assets and securities. This most commonly applies to those who sell real estate properties. Taxpayers can deduct a standard allowance depending on the number of years of ownership.
Unlike the United States, Thailand does not charge a capital gains tax on money earned from the sale of securities on the stock exchange of Thailand. So if you invest in the stock market, you won’t pay capital gains taxes on the securities you sell if the company is listed on the national exchange.
Net Worth Tax
While this law is rarely exercised, Thailand’s Revenue Department reserves the right to assess an additional tax if they believe your income has been underrepresented.
Social Security Tax
Like the United States, Thailand uses a system similar to Social Security. Employees contribute 5% on the first 15,000 THB they earn, and employers match this by paying an additional 5%. Thailand’s government adds an extra 2.5%. If you are self-employed, you must pay both portions (employee and employer) of your Social Security payments.
Since the 1970s, the US Social Security Administration has pursued “totalization agreements” between the US and some foreign governments. These agreements protect US expats from paying into two different Social Security systems.
There is no Thailand-US totalization agreement. As a result, some US expats can pay for both Social Security systems during their time in Thailand.
Inheritance Tax
Thailand enacted the Inheritance Tax Act on February 1, 2016. Under this act, inheritance can be taxed only if the value exceeds 100 million THB per benefactor. In this case, the benefactor can be taxed at different rates depending on their relationship to the deceased.
Descendants and parents are taxed at 5%, while all other benefactors are taxed at 10%. Inheritance taxes must be filed within 150 days after receiving the inheritance amount; otherwise, benefactors must pay a surcharge or penalty.
Gift Tax
In Thailand, gifts are subject to a flat tax of 5%. Some exemptions apply. For example, gifts as high as 20 million THB are exempt when received from a parent, child, or spouse. Gifts up to 10 million THB are exempt when given in a ceremony or on an occasion that corresponds to custom or tradition.
Value-Added Tax (VAT) and Duties
Certain items carry a 7% value-added tax (VAT). This tax is levied on various goods and services, though groceries, education, healthcare, and real estate are exempt. Certain legal documents (e.g., leases) are also subject to stamp duty.
7. Do Thailand Expats Still Pay US Taxes?
Yes, you’ll need to file US taxes each year with the federal government. If you’re still a resident of a US state, you may also have to file state taxes as well.
8. What is the US–Thailand Tax Treaty?
The US and Thailand entered a tax treaty in 1996, which remains in effect. One purpose ofthis treatyis to remedy double taxation, which should relieve some of your expat taxes. The tax treaty provisions that cover items on your tax return should be appropriately applied. You may need to consult with a tax advisor to ensure that happens.
9. How to Save on Your US Taxes while Living in Thailand
Americans working in Thailand can save on the taxes they owe the US government. Here are the three most common strategies for lowering the amount of taxes you pay.
1. Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE)
If you earn income while living abroad, the IRS allows you to exclude this income from your income taxes up to a specific limit. For 2022, this limit is $112,000, though it will climb to $120,000 for 2023.
To qualify, you must meet one of two criteria:
- Physical Presence Test: Proving you lived outside the US for 330 days
- Bona Fide Residence Test: Proving you lived in Thailand for one year or more
Proving residence requires you to show proof such as a residency card, visa, income tax statements, and other documentation.
2. Foreign Tax Credit (FTC)
The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) is a dollar-for-dollar credit on any taxable income you’ve already paid tax on. This prevents you from being taxed twice and can lower your overall tax liability.
To qualify, you must pay or owe taxes in Thailand. The taxes must be legal, and the FTC applies exclusively to income tax.
Bear in mind that the FTC can apply only to Thai earnings that are subject to US tax. So, for example, if you use the FEIE to exclude a portion of your earnings, you cannot also use the FTC on those earnings.
3. Foreign Housing Exclusion
The Foreign Housing Exclusion allows US expats living in Thailand to exclude certain amounts that they use for household expenses. These expenses are generally restricted to expenses that uniquely occur due to living abroad, such as purchasing items to help you and your family adjust to a new climate.
Navigating Tax Compliance for US Expats in Thailand
Greenback Expat Tax Services can help you make the most of your deductions and navigate the confusing tax situations of expats living abroad. File with us, and our tax experts will help you save money while fully complying with Thailand’s tax requirements.
Contact us, and one of our customer champions will gladly help. If you need concrete advice on your tax situation, you can also click below to get a consultation with one of our expat tax experts.
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