Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (2024)

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Located in the remote province of Inner Mongolia, Ordos sits on one-sixth of China's coal reserves — making it an attractive center for development. In the late '90s and early 2000s, private mining companies got the rights to dig into those deposits. The influx of new business generated lots of tax revenue. "The local government decided to build this overly ambitious city from scratch," Olivier told Business Insider. In 2005, it began investing hundreds of millions of dollars in real estate and infrastructure. But by 2010, an abundance of housing in a nonexistent market led the bubble to burst. High property taxes turned off families from moving to Ordos, according to Olivier. Plus, Ordos New Town rose up just a few miles from the "old city" of Ordos, a thriving provincial town. "People just didn't see the point of moving," Olivier said. "In the end, only government officials and migrant construction workers effectively settled in," Olivier said, "leaving the vast majority of the city completely empty." Though the city is only about one-third full, 80% to 90% of unoccupied apartments have owners, who hold on to them as long-term investments, Forbes reported in 2016. Ordos remains a shell of a futuristic city. Tourists and journalists have flocked there to document its mesmerizing architecture — and eeriness. Two horse statues preside over Genghis Khan Plaza at the town's center. Horses are the city's adopted symbol, and they represent a nomadic culture. The nearby Ordos Art & City Museum "seems like it has landed on the earth," according to a statement by the architect, MAD Architects. The Ordos Dongsheng Stadium fits 35,000 spectators, though it has never been filled. This abandoned villa is part of the Ordos 100 project, an initiative that invited 100 architects to design a village of 1,000-square-meter homes. Pressure to build fast and cheap left several structures dilapidated shortly after their construction. Many buildings appear unfinished. In the last few years, the local government has tried to recruit residents. Farmers were bribed with "generous compensation and free apartments" to make the move. Government offices were relocated from a district 20 miles north of Ordos, meant to entice public officials to settle closer to work. High schools with good reputations were moved to Ordos as well. Empty apartment buildings were converted into dormitories that now house students. As a result of these efforts, the Ordos population soared to 100,000. However, it's difficult to nail down accurate census data. Some speculate the government hides the numbers to cover up its urban-planning disaster. Still, Ordos isn't close to meeting its capacity. Olivier attributes the city's spectacular failure to the government's "build it and the people will come" attitude. It represents a pervasive problem in China, where officials hope to more than double the country's urban population by 2020. Cities like Ordos spring from rural areas to accommodate the masses — but the masses don't always come. "This phenomenon is really a cancer for the development of this country," Olivier said, "and a serious threat to the Chinese economy." FAQs

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2017-05-05T15:10:00Z

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (1)

Raphael Olivier

Ordos, China, once flush with cash, has been called the world's largest ghost town.

In the early 2000s, a coal-mining boom led the local government to throw money at urban development in the hopes of creating a new epicenter of culture, economy, and politics.

Ordos New Town, also known as Kangbashi, would hold 1 million people and be known for its massive abstract architecture projects, residential towers, and state-of-the-art sports venues. (Developers later scaled back the concept city to accommodate 300,000 people.)

But high property taxes and poor construction deterred people from settling in Ordos. In 2016, some 100,000 people lived and worked there — leaving the city two-thirds empty.

"The whole city feels like a post-apocalyptic space station straight out of a science fiction movie," says the photographer Raphael Olivier, who captured the city in a series titled "Ordos — A Failed Utopia."

Olivier shared some of his spectacular images with us. You can check out more on his website.

In the late '90s and early 2000s, private mining companies got the rights to dig into those deposits. The influx of new business generated lots of tax revenue.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (3)

Mark Schiefelbein/AP

Source: The New York Times

"The local government decided to build this overly ambitious city from scratch," Olivier told Business Insider. In 2005, it began investing hundreds of millions of dollars in real estate and infrastructure.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (4)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The Huffington Post

But by 2010, an abundance of housing in a nonexistent market led the bubble to burst. High property taxes turned off families from moving to Ordos, according to Olivier.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (5)

Raphael Olivier

Plus, Ordos New Town rose up just a few miles from the "old city" of Ordos, a thriving provincial town. "People just didn't see the point of moving," Olivier said.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (6)

Raphael Olivier

"In the end, only government officials and migrant construction workers effectively settled in," Olivier said, "leaving the vast majority of the city completely empty."

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (7)

Raphael Olivier

Though the city is only about one-third full, 80% to 90% of unoccupied apartments have owners, who hold on to them as long-term investments, Forbes reported in 2016.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (8)

Raphael Olivier

Source: Forbes

Ordos remains a shell of a futuristic city.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (9)

Raphael Olivier

Tourists and journalists have flocked there to document its mesmerizing architecture — and eeriness.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (10)

Raphael Olivier

Two horse statues preside over Genghis Khan Plaza at the town's center. Horses are the city's adopted symbol, and they represent a nomadic culture.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (11)

Raphael Olivier

Source: China Daily

The nearby Ordos Art & City Museum "seems like it has landed on the earth," according to a statement by the architect, MAD Architects.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (12)

Raphael Olivier

Source: Arch Daily

The Ordos Dongsheng Stadium fits 35,000 spectators, though it has never been filled.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (13)

Raphael Olivier

This abandoned villa is part of the Ordos 100 project, an initiative that invited 100 architects to design a village of 1,000-square-meter homes.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (14)

Raphael Olivier

Source: Architectural Reviewand Ai Weiwei

Pressure to build fast and cheap left several structures dilapidated shortly after their construction. Many buildings appear unfinished.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (15)

Raphael Olivier

In the last few years, the local government has tried to recruit residents. Farmers were bribed with "generous compensation and free apartments" to make the move.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (16)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The Huffington Post

Government offices were relocated from a district 20 miles north of Ordos, meant to entice public officials to settle closer to work.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (17)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The New York Times

High schools with good reputations were moved to Ordos as well. Empty apartment buildings were converted into dormitories that now house students.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (18)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The New York Times

As a result of these efforts, the Ordos population soared to 100,000. However, it's difficult to nail down accurate census data. Some speculate the government hides the numbers to cover up its urban-planning disaster.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (19)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The New York Times

Still, Ordos isn't close to meeting its capacity.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (20)

Raphael Olivier

Olivier attributes the city's spectacular failure to the government's "build it and the people will come" attitude. It represents a pervasive problem in China, where officials hope to more than double the country's urban population by 2020.

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (21)

Raphael Olivier

Source: The New York Times

Cities like Ordos spring from rural areas to accommodate the masses — but the masses don't always come. "This phenomenon is really a cancer for the development of this country," Olivier said, "and a serious threat to the Chinese economy."

Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (22)

Raphael Olivier

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Surreal photos of China's failed 'city of the future' (2024)

FAQs

Do ghost cities still exist in China? ›

The phrase “ghost city” might imply a city once full of life and now abandoned. But China's ghost cities are brand new, and their high-rises never populated. Many had remained that way for years, byproducts of rapid economic growth that continue to plague the nation's urban planning strategy.

Why is China building ghost cities? ›

Ghost Cities are vacant neighborhoods and sometimes whole cities that were built but were never inhabited. Their existence is a physical manifestation of Chinese overdevelopment in real estate and the dependence on housing as an investment strategy.

What are the ghost cities in China? ›

Ordos Kangbashi is often seen as one of the first and most prominent examples of the international Chinese ghost city phenomenon and fascination. Some journalists have pointed to the Ordos Kangbashi ghost city stories as an example of media hastily and often misinformed reporting of developments in China.

How many ghost cities exist in China? ›

There are currently as many as 50 ghost cities and 64 million empty apartments across the country. Building a city sounds easy after looking at the pictures of tall apartments, commercial buildings and modern architecture.

Is there a ghost town in the United States? ›

As The New York Times reported, some 3,800 ghost towns exist in America, mostly abandoned between the 19th and 20th centuries for greener pastures and big city dreams.

Where is the largest ghost town in the world? ›

Hashima Island, Japan, was once a bustling community.

Developed initially as a residence for people working in the undersea coal mines in 1887, Hashima Island quickly expanded into an island of concrete high-rise buildings housing over 5,000 people.

What is China Forbidden City today? ›

Today, the Forbidden City is home to the Palace Museum. It houses over one million rare Chinese artworks and artifacts. Most of these come from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

What hidden city was found in China? ›

Forbidden City
The Forbidden City viewed from Jingshan Hill
Location within Beijing Show map of Beijing Show map of China Show all
Established1406–1420 1925 (as public museum)
Location4 Jingshan Front St, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
UNESCO World Heritage Site
17 more rows

Is there a hidden city in China? ›

Location. The tunnels of the Underground City run beneath Beijing's city center, covering an area of 85 square kilometres (33 sq mi) 8 to 18 metres (26–59 ft) under the surface. At one time there were about 90 entrances to the complex, all of which were hidden in shops along the main streets of Qianmen.

What state has the most ghost cities in the USA? ›

Pennsylvania. Indiana County contains the most, with 36. There are 71 ghost towns within 50 miles of Pittsburgh.

Where is the largest ghost town in the United States? ›

Welcome to Jerome, Arizona, America's largest ghost town.

What is the reason for ghost cities? ›

Factors leading to the abandonment of towns include depleted natural resources, economic activity shifting elsewhere, railroads and roads bypassing or no longer accessing the town, human intervention, disasters, massacres, wars, and the shifting of politics or fall of empires.

Why is the Forbidden City of China forbidden? ›

It was so named because access to the area was barred to most of the subjects of the realm. Government functionaries and even the imperial family were permitted only limited access; the emperor alone could enter any section at will.

Why China is called Forbidden city? ›

Because access was restricted to the imperial family and to those who had business with them, it came to be known as the Forbidden City. Learn more about the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) on the Asian Art Museum's education website.

What is inside the Forbidden City China? ›

Raised some 100 feet above the central great courtyard, the Forbidden City's grandest structure houses only the Dragon Throne, ceremonial seat of the Ming and Qing emperors' imperial power for five centuries.

What is the most toxic town in the U.S. abandoned? ›

Abandoned Picher, Oklahoma: The Most Toxic Town in America.

What is the most toxic ghost town in America? ›

'The Most Toxic Town in America'

The town of Picher, Okla became an incorporated community in 1920, with a population of 9,726. The town was built around lead and zinc mining. In fact, Picher mine shafts produced over half of the lead used to make bullets fired during World War I.

Is it safe to visit ghost town? ›

Are ghost towns safe? Ghost towns that are preserved and operated by the state park or national park system are generally safe to visit.

What is the most isolated ghost town? ›

Due to a lack of roads, trails, and water, very few people venture into this area. Beveridge, a gold mining town that never had roads to it, boomed in the late 1800s and then shrank and was abandoned in the early 1900s as its only water source dried up.

What town was abandoned due to radiation? ›

Pripyat, Ukraine

The city lies in the inner exclusion zone around Chernobyl where hot spots of persistently high levels of radiation make the area uninhabitable for thousands of years to come.

Can people live in ghost towns? ›

There are thousands of abandoned hamlets in the U.S. Some people still live and vacation in them. Maybe you want to, too? There are some 3,800 ghost towns in the United States, most abandoned in the 19th and early 20th centuries in favor of bigger cities, or casualties of changing industry.

Can you enter the Forbidden City China? ›

Entry to the Forbidden City for tourists is only through the south gate (Meridian Gate) - tickets and audio guides are sold on the square before this gate. The number of daily visitors is restricted to 80,000 and since tickets are sold online you should go there really early if you want to buy your ticket there.

Does anyone live in the Forbidden City today? ›

Who lives in the Forbidden City now? No-one: it is no longer accommodation for anyone, royal or otherwise. The Forbidden City used to be the residence of emperors. After the last emperor of China left the palace in 1925, it became a museum open to the public.

Why does the Forbidden City have 9999 rooms? ›

It is said that there are totally 9,999 and a half rooms in the Forbidden City because only the God of Heaven could be entitled to 10,000 rooms. Emperor Chengzu, who built the Forbidden City, declared himself the son of the God of Heaven, thus defining the smaller size of his palace.

What is the most hidden city in the world? ›

Cappadocia city, located in central Turkey, is home to no less than 36 underground cities, and at a depth of approx. 85 m, Derinkuyu is the deepest.

What lost city was found underwater in China? ›

Shī Chéng (Chinese: 狮城, literally 'Lion City') is an ancient underwater city situated under Qiandao Lake in the Zhejiang Province of China. The city was flooded for the purpose of Industrialization by the Chinese Government in the year 1959 after a hydroelectric dam was required for the province of Zhejiang.

What city was purposely sunk in China? ›

Shi Cheng, Chun'an County, Zhejiang, China.

An ancient city, established about 1300 years ago, now lies at the 26-40 m depth underwater. The city and the valley were deliberately flooded in 1959 in order to create an artificial lake and hydroelectric power station. Now it could be a unique paradise for divers.

What sort of people lived in the Forbidden City? ›

The Forbidden City was the political and ritual center of China for over 500 years. After its completion in 1420, the Forbidden City was home to 24 emperors, their families and servants during the Ming (1368–1644) and the Qing (1644–1911) dynasties.

Is there a city built underground? ›

Turkey. Cappadocia contains several historical underground cities carved out of unusual geological formations formed via the eruptions of ancient volcanoes. The cities were initially inhabited by the Hittites, then later by early Christians as hiding places.

What Chinese city is window of the world in? ›

The Window of the World theme park packs 130 world wonders into just 118-acres in western Shenzhen, located in China's Pearl River Delta, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world.

What is the newest ghost town in the United States? ›

Eagle Mountain is among the America's best preserved ghost towns, mostly due to the fact that it's one of the newest. In the shadows of Joshua Tree in in Riverside County, the town was founded in 1948 by Henry J. Kaiser, a.k.a, the father of modern American shipbuilding.

What is the most remote ghost town in America? ›

Beveridge

Does Florida have any ghost towns? ›

Just west of the Florida Turnpike is a ghost town named Fort Drum. During the Second Seminole War this area housed a fort, and the town was settled after the Civil War by people looking for jobs in the cattle business.

What town is stuck in the 70s? ›

Scarfolk is a fictional northwestern English town created by writer and designer Richard Littler, who is sometimes identified as the town mayor, L. Ritter. It is trapped in a time loop set in the 1970s, and its culture, parodying that of Britain at the time, features elements of the absurd and the macabre.

What is the coldest ghost town in the United States? ›

Bodie, California
Bodie
Coordinates: 38°12′44″N 119°00′44″W
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyMono
29 more rows

What abandoned city in California is covered in sand? ›

Eagle Mountain, is a ghost town in the California desert in Riverside County founded in 1948 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser.

What is the town full of radiation? ›

The city of Pripyat, in northern Ukraine, was evacuated after the explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 and despite once being home to nearly 50,000 people, has never been inhabited since.

Is there any abandoned towns in Texas? ›

With 511 ghost towns, Texas has the most out of any state, according to Geotab, a GPS hardware company. The company compiled a list of over 3,800 ghost towns, creating an interactive map that showcases the “Ghost Towns of America.” Many ghost towns date to the 1800s, an era of industrialization and westward expansion.

Are there any abandoned towns in California? ›

Because of California's Gold Rush history, there are as many as 300 ghost towns in the state. Miners abandoned many of them after the mines became unprofitable.

Are there any modern day ghost towns? ›

Centralia, Pa.

Located in covered bridge-heavy Columbia County in northeastern Pennsylvania, the borough of Centralia is without a doubt North America's most notorious modern near ghost town. That's right, near ghost town.

How many abandoned houses are in China? ›

Capital Economics, a research and consultancy firm based in London, would put the number far higher still. It estimated last year that mainland China was host to about 30 million unsold properties, while about 100 million more were likely to have been bought but not occupied.

Is there a lost city in China? ›

Shī Chéng (Chinese: 狮城, literally 'Lion City') is an ancient underwater city situated under Qiandao Lake in the Zhejiang Province of China. The city was flooded for the purpose of Industrialization by the Chinese Government in the year 1959 after a hydroelectric dam was required for the province of Zhejiang.

Can you go inside the Forbidden City in China? ›

Entry to the Forbidden City for tourists is only through the south gate (Meridian Gate) - tickets and audio guides are sold on the square before this gate. The number of daily visitors is restricted to 80,000 and since tickets are sold online you should go there really early if you want to buy your ticket there.

What place has 9999 rooms? ›

The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987. The complex consists of 980 buildings, encompassing 9,999 rooms and covering 720,000 m2 (72 ha)/178 acres.

Which U.S. state has the most ghost towns? ›

Pennsylvania. Indiana County contains the most, with 36. There are 71 ghost towns within 50 miles of Pittsburgh.

What percentage of American homes are owned by China? ›

How have Chinese and Canadian investments developed over time? The share of Chinese investors in the U.S. real estate market remained somewhat constant until 2018 when it hovered at around 15 percent, before dropping to 11 percent in 2019 and then six percent in 2021.

What is the largest abandoned house in America? ›

Lynnewood Hall

Do you own your house in China? ›

Because China is a socialist country, all land is either subject to government ownership or collective ownership. In principle, municipal land is subject to government ownership and land outside cities is subject to collective ownership. However, one can obtain the right to use the land.

Where is the lost city in America? ›

More than 1,000 years ago, Native Americans began migrating to the area that was to become Lake Mead. A native culture developed and flourished in the Moapa Valley of Southern Nevada.

What city is China taking over? ›

The handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the former colony.

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