This question was previously asked in
AWES PGT 2012 - Commerce Official Paper
- Bonus shares issued
- shares issued for cash
- A dividend is declared
- All of the above
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : shares issued for cash
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Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFAccounting Equation:
Owners Equity + Liabilities=Fixed Assets + Current Assets
When the Owner is bringing capital by issuing shares, it increases owners' equity along with the cash or bank balance. Hence both assets and owner's equity increases.
1. Bonus Issue:
- A bonus issue, also known as a scrip issue or a capitalization issue, is an offer of free additionalsharesto existing shareholders.
- A company may decide to distribute further shares as an alternative to increasing the dividendpayout.
- For example, a company may give onebonusshare for every five shares held.
- Issuing bonus shares does not involve cash flow.
- It increases the company’s share capital but not its net assets.
2. Dividend Declared:
- Companies often payout a portion of their profits as dividendsto the shareholders.
- Dividend payouts are a way to provide shareholders with a return on their investment.
- When the board of directors makes such a decision and declares a dividend for payment to stockholders, theretained earningsaccount on the company's balance sheet is reduced by the amount of the declared dividend.
- The retained earnings are an account ofequitythat shows the net balance of a company's earnings.
- Since the retained earnings account is an equity account, dividend payments must be deducted from the account, reflecting the reduction in total shareholder equity.
Therefore, shares issued for cash willresult in an increase of assets and an increase in owner’s equity.
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