[Solved] CLOSING CASE Chinese IPOs in the United States The vibrant market... (2024)

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CLOSING CASE

Chinese IPOs in the United States

The vibrant market for Chinese IPOs in the United States was somewhat surprising given escalating trade tensions between the United States and China during 2018. However, for many Chinese tech firms, there are compelling reasons for doing an IPO in the United States, as opposed to Hong Kong or Shanghai. For a start, 2018 was a bad year for Chinese stock markets. The Shanghai Stock Exchange ended the year down 25 percent, its worst annual performance since 2008, while the Hong Kong Hang Seng market fell about 14 percent. The drop in the Chinese markets was precipitated both by the simmering trade war with the United States and slowing economic growth in the country.

Against this background, Chinese investors had a diminished appetite for technology IPOs, which are often seen as riskier than the IPOs for more established enterprises. In the United States, by contrast, there was a strong appetite for investing in Chinese tech IPOs, with many investors seeing this as a way to participate in China's enormous domestic market and vibrant long-term growth prospects, particularly in technology, as the country's living standards continue to rise. The United States is also home to more large institutional investors, some of whom seek to channel a small portion of their funds into risky ventures, with hopes of scoring large gains. Thus, the supply of capital for high-risk tech IPOs was greater in the United States than in China.

Another factor is that stock market regulations make it easier for founders to retain control of their enterprises after IPOs in the United States. American exchanges have long allowed for dual class shares, in which founders maintain control of class A shares that give them super voting rights, while raising capital from the sale of class B shares that have limited or no voting rights. Moreover, American exchanges allow IPOs for enterprises that have yet to generate revenues, such as research-stage biotech companies, whereas Chinese exchanges have historically not allowed that. In 2018, in response to the advantages enjoyed by American exchanges, Hong Kong changed its listing standards to allow for dual class shares and opened the doors to biotech firms that have yet to generate revenues.

A risk associated with investing in Chinese IPOs offered through American exchanges is that, in addition to dual class shareholdings, they also can have complex ownership structures. The typical Chinese IPO uses variable interest entities (VIEs). This is a structure in which the Chinese company creates two entities: one in China that holds the permits and licenses needed to do business there; and the other an offshore entity, often in a tax haven such as the Cayman Islands, in which foreign investors can buy shares through an IPO. The Chinese entity, which is usually owned by top executives, pays fees and royalties to the offshore company in contractual arrangements. The risk here is that foreign investors don't actually own stock in the Chinese domicile company, and local management or even the Chinese government could force a split with the listed company, leaving U.S. investors high and dry. As the prospectus for Chinese IPOs often warns investors, "you may face difficulties protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law."* These risks, however, have not deterred U.S. investors.

All this being said, Hong Kong still dominated the market for Chinese IPOs in 2018, with 76 new offerings, a record number, that generated proceeds of $31 billion. This included China Tower, a state-owned company that is the world's largest operator of telecommunications towers. China Tower has 1.9 million tower sites, has 2.8 million tenets in China, and rents out capacity on its towers to mobile phone carriers. The company raised $6.9 billion in its Hong Kong IPO, making it the world's largest listing in 2018. It will use the proceeds to build new towers and upgrade existing ones as it accelerates its rollout of fifth-generation (5G) network capabilities.

Case Discussion Questions

1. What are the advantages to Chinese firms of listing IPOs on stock exchanges located in the United States?

2. Why do American investors want to invest in the IPOs of Chinese enterprises? What is the potential upside here? What are the risks? Is the potential return sufficient to compensate for the risks?

3. Is the ability to offer an IPO in the United States good for the Chinese economy? Is it good for the American economy?

4. In late 2020, then-President Trump signed an executive order that banned Americans from investing in companies that were connected to the Chinese military. In response, the New York Stock Exchange said it would delist three large Chinese telecommunications service providers: China Telecom Corp. Limited, China Mobile Limited, and China Unicom Hong Kong Limited. How do you think this action will impact Chinese IPOs on American stock exchanges going forward? What are the implications for the efficiency of the global capital market?

Please list the references used.

BusinessManagementBusiness Law

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[Solved] CLOSING CASE Chinese IPOs in the United States The vibrant market... (2)Solved by verified expert

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[Solved] CLOSING CASE Chinese IPOs in the United States The vibrant market... (2024)

FAQs

What was the largest Chinese IPO in the US? ›

Key Takeaways. Hesai Group raised $190 million in its IPO, the largest U.S. listing by a Chinese company since 2021.

How many Chinese IPOs are there? ›

The annual number of Chinese IPOs reached 645 in 2021, of which 522 were listed at stock markets in mainland China and 123 in Hong Kong or other overseas destinations.

Why do American investors want to invest in the IPOs of Chinese enterprises? ›

2. American investors want to invest in the IPOs of Chinese enterprises because they see this as a way to participate in China's enormous domestic market and vibrant long-term growth prospects. The potential upside here is that investors could see large returns if the Chinese enterprises they invest in are successful.

Is the ability to offer an IPO in the United States good for the Chinese economy? ›

"Whether it's good for the Chinese economy" • The ability to offer an IPO in the United States is good for the Chinese economy because it provides a way for Chinese companies to raise capital that can be used to invest in new products and services,…

Which major Chinese company got listed in the US? ›

274 Stocks
No.SymbolCompany Name
1BABAAlibaba Group Holding Limited
2PDDPDD Holdings Inc.
3NTESNetEase, Inc.
4JDJD.com, Inc.
61 more rows

How much of the US stock market is owned by China? ›

As an estimate, Chinese securities account for less than 2% of the total portfolio of U.S. investors.

What is the largest IPO ever in the US? ›

At nearly 22 billion U.S. dollars, the 2014 initial public offering (IPO) of Alibaba Group Holding Limited remains the largest IPO in the United States ever.

Which company had the largest IPO in the US market? ›

The biggest IPOs of all time
CompanyColumn 1
AIA Group$17,800,000,000
Visa$17,400,000,000
Enel SpA$16,400,000,000
Meta (Facebook)$16,000,000,000
7 more rows
Apr 18, 2023

Which company had the largest IPO in US? ›

Current valuation (2023): $464 billion. Visa's 2008 IPO is still the largest of any American corporation, and that's not the only reason that it's remarkable.

What American companies does China own? ›

Keep reading to see which U.S. giants are backed by foreign conglomerates.
  • AMC. Popular cinema company AMC, short for American Multi-Cinema, has been around for over a century and is headquartered in Leawood, KS. ...
  • General Motors. ...
  • Spotify. ...
  • Snapchat. ...
  • Hilton Hotels. ...
  • General Electric Appliance Division. ...
  • 49 Comments.
Jan 12, 2021

How many companies do Chinese own in America? ›

Summary: Linked here is table of Chinese companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYSE American, the three largest U.S. exchanges. As of January 9, 2023, there were 252 Chinese companies listed on these U.S. exchanges with a total market capitalization of $1.03 trillion.

Who is the biggest investor in China? ›

Among them, Germany stands out as the top investor by far, making up 43% of the total, on average, over the past four years, compared to 34% in the previous 10 years. In 2018, German firms accounted for more than half of all European investment in China.

Why do Chinese companies want to list in the US? ›

Cross-Listing Lowers the Cost of Capital

A key benefit of cross-listing, and undoubtedly a major driver of the cross-listing premium, is the reduced cost of financing available to cross-listed firms. Companies pay less to raise money, whether by selling stock (equity) or debt.

Is Chinese economy overtaking US? ›

This might be surprising since China is currently the second largest economy in the world and is poised to overtake the size of the US economy by 2050. However, measuring the Chinese economy solely in terms of GDP is misleading because it obscures China's severe intra-country inequality.

Does China have a better economy than the US? ›

The U.S. currently has the largest economy in the world by far with $23 trillion in 2021 GDP, according to the World Bank's data, while China has the second-largest GDP at $18 trillion and India the sixth-largest at $3 trillion.

What are the best Chinese stocks to buy now? ›

Comparison Results
NamePricePrice Change
NIO Nio$7.73$0.06 (-0.77%)
BILI Bilibili$16.11$0.2 (1.26%)
TCOM Trip.com Group Ltd. Sponsored ADR$37.78$1.63 (4.51%)
SOHU Sohu$11.52$0.17 (-1.45%)
5 more rows

What Chinese companies are pulling out of the stock market? ›

Five major Chinese companies, including China Life Insurance Company, PetroChina Company Limited, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Aluminum Corporation of China Limited, and Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Company Limited, recently indicated they will voluntarily delist from the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

What are the US 5 Chinese companies? ›

The sanctioned entities are Hangzhou Fuyang Koto Machinery Co; Guilin Alpha Rubber and Plastics Technology Co; Raven International Trade; Shenzhen Caspro Technology Co; and S&C Trade PTY Co. S&C's China-based employee Yuan Yunxia was also cited.

What happens if China dumps US bonds? ›

If the China bloc disposes of net foreign assets amounting to more than 20% of GDP by offloading US bloc bonds over 10 years, the IMF finds that the China bloc's domestic interest rates would fall by four basis points.

What happens if China sells US debt? ›

Since the U.S. dollar has a variable exchange rate, however, any sale by any nation holding huge U.S. debt or dollar reserves will trigger the adjustment of the trade balance at the international level. The offloaded U.S. reserves by China will either end up with another nation or will return back to the U.S.

Who owns most of the US stock market? ›

Our new analysis shows that foreign investors owned about 40 percent of US corporate equity in 2019, up substantially over the last few decades. Retirement accounts of US households owned about 30 percent in 2019, and the taxable accounts of US investors owned about 25 percent, which is most of the rest.

What was the biggest IPO fail? ›

10 Worst Failed IPOs in History
  1. Robinhood. Robinhood's Initial Public Offering was deemed one of the worst IPOs ever for a company of its size, with shares falling as much as 10% within minutes of the opening of trading. ...
  2. Pets.com. ...
  3. Uber. ...
  4. SmileDirectClub. ...
  5. Root. ...
  6. Casper Sleep Inc. ...
  7. Etsy. ...
  8. TheGlobe.com.
Mar 8, 2022

What is the oldest company to IPO? ›

The Dutch East India Co. holds the distinction of being the first company to offer equity shares of its business to the public, effectively conducting the world's first initial public offering (IPO). It also played an integral role in modern history's first stock market crash.

What is the oldest IPO in the world? ›

In the United States, the first IPO was the public offering of Bank of North America around 1783.

What is the most expensive stock right now? ›

If you wonder which company has the highest share price in the world, here is the answer. Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate headed by legendary investor Warren Buffett, has the most expensive stock in the world, with shares trading at over $400,000 each.

Is Alibaba still listed in US? ›

Can You Buy Alibaba Stock In the U.S.? Anyone with a brokerage account can purchase Alibaba stock in the U.S. You only need to search for the ticker symbol BABA and then you can trade the stock like any other NYSE stock.

Which country has the most IPOs? ›

More initial public offerings (IPOs) occurred in China in 2022 than any other region or country worldwide, with 399. Europe followed, with 149 IPOs in that year. India rounded out the top three, with a total of 138 IPOs. Why make an IPO?

What was Google's IPO? ›

Google held its IPO on August 19, 2004 . The company priced shares at $85 each, down from an original range of $108 to $135 and at the low end of a revised range of $85 to $95 . The IPO gave Google a valuation of $23 billion .

Who are the biggest IPO underwriters? ›

As of October 2021, the underwriters of the largest IPOs in the United States were Goldman Sachs, Credit Suisse, and JP Morgan – the combined value of their underwritten IPOs reaching almost 70 billion U.S. dollars.

Does China own Ford? ›

Ford is not owned by any other company or by any one individual. It is a publicly-traded company that is owned by shareholders.

What foreign country owns the most land in the United States? ›

Canadian investors lead this pack, by a long shot, with nearly 9.4 million acres of U.S. land — more acreage than 44 of the top 50 foreign landowners combined, according to the report. (These people own the most land in America.)

Does China own Walmart? ›

No, Walmart is not owned by China, nor has it been sold to a Chinese investment group. According to USA TODAY fact check, a claim that Walmart had been sold to a Chinese firm was proven false. On Jan. 2 2021, a Facebook post claimed a Chinese business group bought out America's largest retailer.

How much does the US owe China? ›

Top Foreign Holders of U.S. Debt
RankCountryU.S. Treasury Holdings
1🇯🇵 Japan$1,076B
2🇨🇳 China$867B
3🇬🇧 United Kingdom$655B
4🇧🇪 Belgium$354B
6 more rows
Mar 24, 2023

Does China own Burger King? ›

Burger King (BK) is an American-based multinational chain of hamburger fast food restaurants.

What is the most profitable US business in China? ›

Boeing (BA), Caterpillar (CAT), General Motors (GM), Starbucks (SBUX), Nike (NKE), and Ford (F) are some other US companies with a strong presence in the country. But none of them get more than 25% of their revenue from China. It's the US chipmakers that have the highest revenue exposure to the country.

Who is the richest person from China? ›

No. 1 among China listees for the third year in a row is bottled water and tea magnate Zhong Shanshan, the founder of Hong Kong-listed firm Nongfu Spring.

Who is the Big 5 trading partner of China? ›

List of largest trading partners of China
RankCountry / TerritoryTotal trade
1United States759.4
2South Korea362.2
3Japan357.4
4Taiwan319.7
22 more rows

Who holds all the wealth in China? ›

And the richest 10 percent owned 62 percent of the total national wealth, while the richest 5 percent owned more than 50 percent. Notably, the top 1 percent in China possessed more than one third of the national net wealth. The 90/10 ratio tells a similar story about wealth inequality in China.

Why is everything sold in the US made in China? ›

Companies import goods from China in part because their lower cost allows higher retail markups. That means more of what consumers spend goes to those companies and, indirectly, their workers. Imported goods and services constitute a smaller share of the U.S. consumer market than you might think.

What does the US sell most to China? ›

Soybeans. Soybeans accounted for nearly one-half of U.S. agricultural exports to China at a record $16.4 billion, surpassing the previous year's record by more than $2.2 billion. China is the world's largest soybean importer, accounting for nearly 60 percent of global trade and half of U.S. soybean export value.

What are the top 3 things the US buys from China? ›

Top 10 Most-Imported Products From China
  • Smartphones ($50.2 billion)
  • Automatic digital processing machines ($49.2 billion)
  • Wheeled toys, inflatable balls, puzzles and scale models ($16.3 billion)
  • Video game consoles and console parts ($10.2 billion)
Feb 10, 2023

Which country will rule the world in 2025? ›

According to a recent report by Harvard University, “From economic complexity growth estimates, India is growing at the annual list at the rate of 7.9 percent as the fastest growing country for the coming decade.

What country will be the next superpower? ›

India is expected to overtake Germany in terms of GDP in 2025 and Japan in 2027 to become the third largest economy after the U.S. and China. Modi has pledged to make India a developed country by 2047, when it celebrates the 100th anniversary of its independence.

Is China a threat to the US economy? ›

Many Americans continue to view China as a threat to the United States, both militarily and economically: 65% say China is at least a somewhat serious economic threat to the U.S. and 57% say it is at least a somewhat serious military threat.

Which is strongest economy in world? ›

According to the latest available data from the World Bank, the United States of America is currently the world's largest economy, with a GDP of over $23 trillion in 2021.

Who is richer China or the US? ›

The United States is the richest country in the world with the highest GDP, as of 2021. China is the second richest country in the world with a $17.734 trillion GDP.

What is the average income per person in China? ›

Median salary

The median salary in China is 26,800 Yuan (USD 3,855) per month. That means half of the population draws an average income less than the median salary. In contrast, the other half earns more than the median salary.

What was the largest IPO in the US? ›

Date: March 19, 2008. IPO Capital raise: $17.86 billion. Current valuation (2023): $464 billion. Visa's 2008 IPO is still the largest of any American corporation, and that's not the only reason that it's remarkable.

What is the largest IPO in history? ›

  • SoftBank. IPO Date: Dec. ...
  • NTT Mobile Communication Network. IPO Date: Oct. ...
  • Visa. IPO Date: March 18, 2008. ...
  • AIA Group. IPO Date: Oct. ...
  • Enel SpA. IPO Date: Nov, 1, 1999. ...
  • Meta (formerly Facebook) IPO Date: May 17, 2012. Capital Raised: $16 billion. ...
  • General Motors. IPO Date: Nov. 17, 2010. ...
  • ICBC. IPO Date: Oct. 20, 2006.

When did Alibaba go public in the US? ›

On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange raised US$25 billion, giving the company a market value of US$231 billion and, by far, then the largest IPO in world history.

Which IPO gave highest return? ›

Best Performance
Company NameOffer Price()Listing Date
Concord Control Sys.5510-Oct-2022
PNGS Gargi Fashion3020-Dec-2022
Containe Technolgy1530-Sep-2022
Insolation Energy3810-Oct-2022
7 more rows

What was the world's first IPO? ›

That first issue of shares took place at ten o'clock on the evening of Saturday, April 1 in 1602. A crowd gathered at the house of Dirck van Os on Nes in the centre of Amsterdam. Dirck van Os was one of the organizers of the IPO and the sale of the shares was done in his house.

Which company has planned to raise $500 million in IPO? ›

Edtech major BYJU'S is in final talks to raise $250 to $500 million in funding at a flat valuation of $22 billion, amid pressure to put a lid on rising costs, turn profitable and repay its $1.2 billion term loan.

What was Amazon's IPO? ›

Amazon went public on May 15, 1997, and the IPO price was $18.00, or $0.075 adjusted for the stocks splits that occurred on June 2, 1998 (2-for-1 split), January 5, 1999 (3-for-1 split), and September 1, 1999 (2-for-1 split), and June 3, 2022 (20-for-1 split). What is Amazon's fiscal year?

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