NFT, Token & Crypto Scams: What your lawyer should know. (2024)

Unfortunately, misrepresentation and outright fraud are rampant in the blockchain world, especially with coin and other fungible token offerings and NFT sales. The old adage ‘buyer beware’ certainly applies. But just because this new and emerging market is high-risk does not mean you don’t have rights if the founders of a blockchain company, token sale, or NFT sale knowingly or unknowingly provide false information as part of their sale. Traditional legal principles apply, including breach of contract, innocent misrepresentation, fraud, and negligence. If the offering is a security as defined by the SEC, you may have additional legal rights and leverage. While your primary weapon against fraud is due diligence before you purchase a token or NFT, you may need a lawyer to help you if you are a victim of false presentations or other breaches of duty by the companies and people behind these offerings.

Don’t Get Sued for Breach of Contract, Breach of Fiduciary Duty, Fraud, Misrepresentation, Consumer Fraud, Securities Violations, or Other Causes of Action.

There are an endless set of legal issues related to token offerings, ICOs, and NFT sales. Blockchain, NFT, and crypto litigation attorneys are going to be very busy in the coming years. Getting sued will become more common when things go wrong. If you are worried about legal compliance with your blockchain offering or have questions about a token or NFT you purchased, you should probably speak with a blockchain lawyer with experience in complex litigation to reduce your risk of getting hit with a lawsuit. Below is a list of lawsuits filed in the crypto and NFT space (we will update regularly):

• Mark Young v Solana Labs, Solana Foundation et al. – This is a class action seeking a declaration that SOL tokens were illegal unregistered securities. You can read the complaint for class certification here.
• Yuga Labs v. Ryder Ripps: This is a groundbreaking lawsuit that will test the limits of trademark rights and copyright in the NFT space. You can read more about the Yuga Labs v Ryder Ripps federal court lawsuit and read the filed complaint. You can also subscribe to this youtube Bored Ape playlist to learn more about the lawsuit and stay up to date. The Anti-SLAPP Motion filed by Ryder’s lawyers is found here.
• Bored Apes v OpenSea: The lawsuit was filed by the owner of Bored Ape against OpenSea (which is only a d/b/a) for breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, and negligence. The lawsuit appears to have been a bit rushed as it failed to name a defendant, the actual owner of OpenSea Ozone Networks, Inc. Regardless, the plaintiff, owner of bored Ape #3474 Timothy McKimmy alleges that OpenSea left vulnerabilities in its platform – a software bug – that left NFT owners subject to attack. Plaintiff lost his Bored Ape for .01 ETH even though it was not for sale, and that price is below market value. Plaintiff seeks damages against OpenSea for over $1,000,000 of the, no doubt, permanent loss of his Bored Ape. Southern District of Texas The Federal Court Complaint is found here. OpenSea’s Terms of Service, including a mandatory arbitration clause, disclaimers, and damage limitations, are found here.
• Trademark & Copyright Infringement: Brands and companies have begun to file lawsuits against NFT projects that violate copyright, IPs, and trademarks. Nike filed a lawsuit against StockX for trademark infringement on Nike sneaker NFTs. Even French luxury fashion house Hermes sued Mason Rothschild, creator of Hermes Birkin bag-inspired NFTs MetaBirkins. There are dozens of artists preparing lawsuits against OpenSea for selling infringing NFTs. The application of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to platforms hosting NFT sales remains an open issue.
• Scams & Fraud: Google searches for “NFT scam” and “NFT fraud” continue to rise, indicating the scope of the problem. With droves of people buying in — some far more tech-savvy than others — Rolling Stone asked experts for tips on how to avoid expensive blunders.
  • Discord hacks are one of the most common NFT scams out there. TIP: turn off the direct-messaging function on Discord
  • Phishing in Twitter messages and emails is rampant. Hackers pretend to be representatives from OpenSea, the Internet’s largest NFT marketplace, and Metamask, a popular NFT-storing digital wallet.
  • Fraudulent Airdrops are attempts to get you to click on a link (the token contract address) that includes malicious software. This is akin to a phishing scam. If you receive a free token offer or someone sends an unknown token to your wallet, ignore it.
  • Rugpulls are a form of fraud where influencers with large followings on YouTube, Twitter, or other social media channels tell you that a token or NFT is going to be huge. They influence their followers to purchase the token or NFT, driving the price up. Then they sell their large percentage stake, driving the price to zero before you can cash out.
• Common NFT Scams – NFTs are the hottest crypto market right now. Because there is a digital asset attached to the NFT token contract, it ‘feels’ like you are purchasing something ‘more.’ However, counterfeit NFTs of high-value projects are rampant. Few NFT offerings trademark their NFT, or enforce their copyright to the images, making it easy for a scammer to defraud NFT purchasers by offering similar NFTs and low prices when the fake NFT is really worthless. Until NFT projects start aggressively protecting their trademarks and copyrights and platforms such as OpenSea and Rarible take infringement and fraud seriously, there will always be a risk with NFT purchases. Your best defense is to go slow and do your due diligence before purchasing anything.
• Counterfeiting: The biggest NFT marketplace, OpenSea reports that over 80% of the NFTs minted for free on its platform are “plagiarized works, fake collections, and spam“.
• Influencer Fraud – Influencers in the crypto and NFT space are paid to endorse a stolen or NFT project. Sometimes they either intentionally or innocently misrepresent the project resulting in serious losses through rug pulls and other scams. Beware celebrities who endorse projects for money. Do your homework and dig into the project whitepaper and research the project founders before getting involved.
• DigiArt v. Danny Casale – Civil complaint lawsuit filed in the United States District Court of the Middle District of Florida (Tampa). Casale has handsomely profited from his breach of contract. According to press releases, Casale’s “Coolman’s Universe” collection sold for $3.6 million in 3 minutes on metalink. That same collection of offending NFTs has now generated a secondary trading volume of over 18,000 Ethereum, or over $50 million on OpenSea, with a 5.6% royalty to Casale on all secondary trading, which converts to over $3 million in royalties for secondary trading alone. On information and belief, Casale has personally received millions of dollars from first-market sales of the offending NFTs, 50% of which were required to be paid to DigiART.
• Roc-a-Fella Records sued its co-founder Dame Dash over his alleged attempt to mint and sell Jay-Z’s Reasonable Doubt album as a non-fungible token (NFT). See the United States District Court complaint.
• Hermes filed a lawsuit against a digital artist for knocking off its Birkin handbag who started a project called MetaBirkins. This NFT lawsuit is filed in UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. The MetaBirkins project offered non-fungible tokens (“NFT”) which included fuzzy images of the Hermes Birkin handbag and minted them as NFTs. Hermes based its allegations of trademark infringement and dilution on the artist’s use of MetaBirkin as a trademark to promote his NFTs and at hismetabirkin.comwebsite.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT NFT LAWSUITS