What Are Listing Requirements?
Listing requirements comprise the various criteria and minimum standards established by stock exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), that companies must meet to list their shares for trading.
A company will be allowed to list shares for trading only if it meets initial as well as ongoing requirements.
Companies that do not meet listing requirements on major exchanges may be able to offer their shares for trading over-the-counter (OTC).
Key Takeaways
- To have its shares traded on a stock exchange, a company must meet certain exchange liquidity and financial requirements.
- Also, it must pay both the exchange's initial and ongoing yearly listing fees.
- Listing requirements vary by exchange and include minimum stockholder's equity, a minimum share price, and a minimum number of shareholders.
- Requirements ensure that only high-quality securities are traded on an exchange.
- Moreover, the high standards that companies must meet reassure investors of an exchange's integrity and reputation.
Understanding Listing Requirements
Listing requirements are a set of conditions which a firm must meet before listing a securityon one of the organized stock exchanges, such as the NYSE, the Nasdaq, the London Stock Exchange, or theTokyo Stock Exchange.
The requirements typically include a certain size and market share of the security to be listed.The underlying financial viability of the issuing firm is also a criterion.Exchanges establish these standards as a means of maintaining their own integrity, reputation, and visibility.
When firms request listings, they have to prove to an exchange that they meet the listing requirements. The high visibility and liquidity that a listing supports is strong incentive for a company to meet listing requirements.
Once a security is listed, the issuing firm usually must maintain a set of related but less stringent trading requirements. Otherwise, the company faces delisting. While no legal penalty is involved, being delisted can mean huge consequences for a company because its stock won't be traded on the exchange.
Firms can cross-list a security on more than one exchange, and often do. Listing requirements are not barriers to trading altogether, as firms are always free to trade securitiesover-the-counter. However, OTC trading does not provide anywhere near the liquidity, regulatory oversight, prestige or visibility as trading on one of the major stock exchanges provides.
Nasdaq's U.S. exchange had 3,767 companies listed as of January 2022. Canada's TMX exchange and the New York Stock Exchange followed with 3,546 companies and 2,529 companies, respectively.
Listing Requirements in Practice
Basic Requirements
Listing requirements vary by exchange but there are certain metrics which are almost always included. The twomost important categories of requirements deal with the size of the firm (as defined by annual income or market capitalization) and the liquidity of the shares (a certain number of shares must already have been issued).
For example, the NYSE requires firms to already have 1.1 million publicly-traded shares outstanding with a collectivemarket value of at least $40 million ($100 million for worldwide trading).
The Nasdaq requires firms to already have 1.25 million publicly-traded shares with a collective market value of $45 million.Both the NYSE and the Nasdaqrequire a minimum security listing price of $4 per share.
Fees
Usually, an initial listing feeas well as yearly listing fees are required. The annual fees can scale up depending on the number of shares being traded and can total hundreds of thousands of dollars. Nasdaq fees are considerably lower than those of the NYSE. This lower cost has made theNasdaqa more popular choice of exchange for newer or smaller firms.
Can a Company Be Delisted?
Yes. If companies fail to pay annual fees or they can no longer meet the financial and liquidity requirements of an exchange, they can be delisted. Also, if share prices drop below a certain minimum, a company can be delisted. Once delisted from a particular exchange, investors won't be able to trade a company's stock on that exchange.
What Listing Requirements Does Nasdaq Have?
Nasdaq has three different tiers of listings: Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market, and Nasdaq Capital Market. Each tier has its specific listing requirements. In the instance of an IPO, all companies must have 1.25 million shares outstanding and 2200 total shareholders (or 450 shareholders with 100 shares each). The market value of unrestricted publicly held shares (or publicly held shares and shareholder equity) must be at least $45 million. Companies must meet one of four possible financial standards, as well. These involve earnings, cash flow and capitalization, capitalization and revenue, or assets and equity.
What Are the Largest Stock Exchanges?
By market capitalization, the largest stock exchanges are the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. Both are located in the New York. As of March 2022, the combined value of shares listed on both exchanges reached over $36 trillion.
