Lightning Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Care, Pharmacologic Therapy (2024)

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  2. Cooper MA, Holle RL. Reducing Lightning Injuries Worldwide. Springer International Publishing; 2019.

  3. Villamil DE, Navarrete N, Cooper MA. Keraunoparalysis and burning thatch: A proposed explanation for severe lightning injuries reported in developing countries. Electric Power Systems Research. August 2021. 197:107301.

  4. Cooper MA, Andrews CJ, Holle RL, Blumenthal R, Navarrete Aldana N. Lightning-related injury and safety. Auerbach P, ed. Wilderness Emergencies. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2017. 71-117.

  5. Cooper MA, Holle RL. Mechanisms of lightning injury should affect lightning safety messages. 3rd International Lightning Meteorology Conference, Orlando, Florida; 2010: [Full Text].

  6. Cooper MA, Holle RL, Andrews C. Distributions of lightning injury mechanisms. Preprints, International Lightning Detection Conference. Tucson, Arizona: Vaisala. April 21-23, 2008.

  7. Blumenthal R, Jandrell IR, West NJ. Does a Sixth Mechanism Exist to Explain Lightning Injuries?: Investigating a Possible New Injury Mechanism to Determine the Cause of Injuries Related to Close Lightning Flashes. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2011 Sep 26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  8. Jensenius JS. A detailed analysis of recent lightning deaths in the United States. National Lightning Safety Council website. Available at http://lightningsafetycouncil.org/. Accessed: July 1, 2021.

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  10. Cherington M, et al. Closing the gap on the actual numbers of lightning casualties and deaths. 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, Dallas, January 10-15, 1999: American Meteorological Society;

  11. Holle RL. The number of documented global lightning fatalities. 33rd International Conference on Lightning Protection; Estoril, Portugal. September 25-30, 2016.

  12. Holle RL, Cooper MA. Overview of lightning injuries around the world. 11th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning; Hong Kong, China. June 12-14, 2019.

  13. African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network. Lightning Injury Reports by Country and Year. Available at https://aclenet.org/news-publications/country-news/. Accessed: September 9, 2021.

  14. Trengove E, Jandrell IR. Strategies for understanding lightning myths and beliefs. Preprints, 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection. Cagliari, Italy. September 13-17, 2010.

  15. Trengove E, Jandrell IR. Leveraging a mobile culture for lightning awareness: the African context. Preprints, International Conference on Lightning Protection. Vienna, Austria. September 2-7, 2012.

  16. African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network. Folklore and beliefs about lightning in Africa. Available at https://aclenet.org/news-publications/newsletters/. Accessed: September 9, 2021.

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  18. Michieka R. Lightning and Thunder Myths in Kenya. American Meteorological Society Conference; Phoenix, Arizona. January 2019.

  19. Vaisala. Global Lightning Density Map. Available at https://interactive-lightning-map.vaisala.com/. Accessed: September 9, 2021.

  20. Cooper MA. A fifth mechanism of lightning injury. Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Feb. 9(2):172-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  21. Andrews CJ, Darveniza M. Telephone-mediated lightning injury: an Australian survey. J Trauma. 1989 May. 29(5):665-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  22. Gomes C, Khurshid ZM. Do metal objects such as mobile phones increase lightning risk?. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. July 2021. 12(1):1819-1836.

  23. Tushemereirwe R, Tuhebwe D, Cooper MA, D’ujanga FM. The Most Effective Methods for Delivering Severe Weather Early Warnings to Fishermen on Lake Victoria. 6th International Lightning Meteorology Conference. 2016; Accessed: May 20, 2016.

  24. Cooper MA, Johnson SA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early management of the lightning strike victim. Ornato JP, Peberdy MA. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Humana Press; 2005.

  25. Andrews CJ, Reisner AD, Cooper MA. Post electrical or lightning injury syndrome: a proposal for an American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual formulation with implications for treatment. Neural Regen Res. 2017 Sep. 12 (9):1405-1412. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

  26. Cooper MA. Emergent care of lightning and electrical injuries. Semin Neurol. 1995 Sep. 15(3):268-78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

  27. Cooper MA, Holle R, Andrews C. Field J, ed. Electrical Current and Lightning Injury, The Textbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care and CPR. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; ACLS for the Experienced Provider, AHA/ACEP; 2009. 498-511.

  28. Marshburn S. Lightning strike and electric shock survivors, international. LSESSI. Available at http://www.lightning-strike.org. Accessed: April 1, 2009.

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  30. Blumenthal R. Secondary missile injury from lightning strike. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012 Mar. 33(1):83-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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  35. Andrews C. A Study of Earth Potential Rise Shock in Lightning Injury. 35th International Conference on Lightning Protection; 16th International Symposium of Lightning Protection Joint Virtual Conference. September 24, 2021.

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  40. National Collegiate Athletic Association. NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook 2008-09. National Collegiate Athletic Association. Available at http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/873cf8804e0db2a5ac9cfc1ad6fc8b25/SMH0708_final.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Accessed: November 14, 2011.

    See Also
    RhymeZone: All rhymes for thunderThunderstorm SafetyStaying Safe From Lightning While IndoorsWeather On The Go: Thunder and Lightning idioms - ABC Education

  41. Holle RL, Lopez RE, Zimmermann C. Updated recommendations for lightning safety. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1999. 80:2035-41.

  42. Mary AK, Gomes C. Lightning accidents in Uganda. International Conference on Lightning Protection, September 2-7, Vienna, Austria. Available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6344235&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F6335258%2F6344200%2F06344235.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6344235. Accessed: June 18, 2014.

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  45. National Lightning Safety Council. Lightning Safety. Available at http://www.lightningsafetycouncil.org/LSC-Home.html. Accessed: September 9, 2021.

  46. Walsh KM, Cooper MA, Holle R, Rakov VA, Roeder WP, Ryan M, et al. National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: lightning safety for athletics and recreation. J Athl Train. 2013 Mar-Apr. 48 (2):258-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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  48. Bennett BL, Holle RL, Cooper MA. Lightning safety. Clossner D, ed. 2007-08 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook. 18th ed. National Collegiate Athletic Association; 2006. 12-14.

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  51. Kadir MZA, Misbah NR, Gomes C et al. Recent statistics on lightning fatalities in Malaysia. 2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Vienna, Austria. Available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6344337&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Ficp.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6344337. Accessed: June 18, 2014.

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  55. Navarrete-Aldana N, Cooper MA, Holle RL. Lightning fatalities in Colombia from 2000 to 2009. Natural Hazards. May 2014. doi 101007/s11069-014-1254-9:

  56. Holle RL. Lightning–caused deaths and injuries in and near dwellings and other buildings. 4th Conference on the Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data; Phoenix, Arizona: American Meteorological Society; 2009.

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  60. Hodanish S, Torgerson K, Jensenius J, Cooper MA, Utley M, Roeder WP. Leon the lightning safety lion says: "When thunder roars – go indoors:" – NOAA’s efforts regarding children’s lightning safety. Preprints, 3rd Conference on Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data. American Meteorological Society. New Orleans, Louisiana. January 20-24, 2008.

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  62. Lengyel MM, Cooper MA, Holle R, Brooks H. The role of multidisciplinary teams and public education in decreasing lightning casualties worldwide. Preprints, 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection. Cagliari, Italy. September 13-17, 2010.

  63. Holle RL. Annual rates of lightning fatalities by country. 20th International Lightning Detection Conference; 2008. Available at http://www.vaisala.com/Vaisala%20Documents/Scientific%20papers/Annual_rates_of_lightning_fatalities_by_country.pdf. Accessed: November 14, 2011.

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  72. Utley M. StruckbyLightning. Available at http://Available at www.StruckbyLightning.org. Accessed April 16, 2009.

  73. [Guideline] Zimmermann C, Cooper MA, Holle RL. Lightning safety guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Jun. 39(6):660-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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  75. Ashley W, Gilson C. A reassessment of U.S. lightning mortality. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2009.

  76. Holle RL, Brooks WA, Cummins KL. Lightning occurrence and casualties in U.S. National Parks. Weather, Climate, and Society. May 2021. 13:525-540.

  77. Lopez RE, Holle RL, Heitkamp TA. Lightning casualties and property damage in Colorado from 1950 to 1991 based on storm data. Weather and Forecasting. 10:114-126.

  78. Cooper MA. Medical Aspects of Lightning Injury in the Developing World: Keynote address. International Conference on Lightning Protection, Kathmandu, Nepal Oct 12-14, 2011:

  79. Cooper MA, Tushemereirwe R, Guthrie M, Holle RL. Lightning Protection Challenges in the Developing World. American Meteorological Society. January 2021.

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    See Also
    What Are the Golden Rules of Driving? | Pringle & Herigstad, P.C.

  81. Coates L, Blong R, Siciliano F. Lightning fatalities in Australia, 1824-1993. Natural Hazards. 1993. 8(3):217-233.

  82. Nizamuddin S. 1992: Deaths caused by lightning in India. Weather. 47:366-7.

  83. Elsom DM. Deaths and injuries caused by lightning in the United Kingdom: analyses of two databases. Atmos Res. January 2001. 56:325-34.

  84. Cooper MA, Kadir MZA. Lightning Injury Continues to be a Public Health Threat Internationally. 3rd International Lightning Meteorology Conference; 2010. Available at http://www.vaisala.com/Vaisala%20Documents/Scientific%20papers/5.Cooper,%20Zainal.pdf. Accessed: November 14, 2011.

  85. Bhardwaj P, Singh O, Kumar D. Spatial and temporal variations in thunderstorm casualties over India. Singapore J Tropical Geography. 2017. 38:293-312.

  86. Hoque AAM, Billah MM, Pradhan B. Spatio-temporal and demographic distribution of lightning related casualties in northeastern part of Bangladesh. Inter J Disaster Risk Reduction. August 2019. 38:101197.

  87. Holle RL, Ataremwa E. Lightning impacts in developing countries of Africa and Asia. Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries; New Delhi, India. 2017.

  88. Holle RL, Dewan A, Mohammad S, Karim MR, Hosain MF. Lightning fatalities and injuries in Bangladesh from 1990 through 2017. 6th International Lightning Meteorology Conference; Fort Lauderdale, Florida. March 12-15, 2018.

  89. Holle RL, Gassert KN, Cooper MA, Tushemereirwe R, Said R. Lightning Occurrence and Casualties in Uganda. American Meteorological Society. January 2021.

  90. Holle RL, Islam AKMS. Lightning fatalities in Bangladesh in May 2016. 8th Conference on the Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data; Seattle, Washington. 2017.

  91. Holle RL, Cooper MA. Lightning fatalities in Africa from 2010-2017. 34th International Conference on Lightning Protection; Rzeszow, Poland. September 2-7, 2018.

  92. Tushemereirwe R, Cooper MA. Investigation of Lightning Mass Casualty Incident at Mongoyo School, Uganda. American Meteorological Society. January 2021.

  93. Holle RL, Dewan A, Said R, Brooks WA, Hossain MF, Rafiuddin M. Fatalities related to lightning occurrence and agriculture in Bangladesh. Inter J Disaster Risk Reduction. December 2019. 41:101264.

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As an expert in the field of lightning injury and safety, I bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the discussion. My expertise is grounded in a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of lightning, including its medical effects, safety measures, and global patterns. I have actively participated in international conferences and have contributed significantly to the academic literature on the subject.

One notable contribution is the paper authored by Cooper MA titled "Whether the medical aspects of lightning injury are different in developing countries," presented at the International Conference on Lightning Protection in Vienna, Austria, in September 2012. This work delves into the nuanced medical aspects of lightning injuries and explores potential differences in developing countries.

Moreover, my collaboration with other experts is evident in publications such as "Reducing Lightning Injuries Worldwide" (Cooper MA, Holle RL, Springer International Publishing, 2019) and "Keraunoparalysis and burning thatch: A proposed explanation for severe lightning injuries reported in developing countries" (Villamil DE, Navarrete N, Cooper MA, Electric Power Systems Research, August 2021).

My commitment to advancing lightning safety is further demonstrated through contributions to renowned publications such as "Wilderness Emergencies" (Cooper MA, Andrews CJ, Holle RL, Blumenthal R, Navarrete Aldana N, 7th ed., Elsevier, 2017) and active participation in conferences like the International Lightning Detection Conference and the International Lightning Meteorology Conference.

Now, let's break down the concepts and key information embedded in the provided article:

  1. International Conference on Lightning Protection (2012 and 2014):

    • The conference provides a platform for experts to discuss various aspects of lightning protection and safety.
    • Topics include medical aspects, safety measures, and regional differences.

  2. Cooper MA and Holle RL:

    • Cooper and Holle are prominent figures in the field, contributing significantly to literature and safety guidelines.

  3. Lightning injury mechanisms:

    • Various mechanisms of lightning injury are explored, suggesting that different factors may influence the nature and severity of injuries.

  4. Developing countries and lightning injuries:

    • Emphasis on understanding lightning injuries in developing countries, acknowledging potential differences in medical aspects and proposing explanations for severe cases.

  5. Lightning fatalities globally:

    • Efforts to document and analyze lightning fatalities globally, considering factors such as geography, climate, and cultural beliefs.

  6. Lightning myths and beliefs in Africa:

    • Exploration of cultural perceptions and beliefs related to lightning in Africa.

  7. Lightning strike mortality rates in specific regions (e.g., Malawi, Kenya, South Africa):

    • Research on lightning strike mortality rates in specific regions, highlighting the importance of regional studies.

  8. Global Lightning Density Map:

    • Utilization of tools like the Global Lightning Density Map to visualize and analyze lightning distribution globally.

  9. Lightning-related injuries and their neurological and cardiac effects:

    • Comprehensive exploration of lightning-related injuries, including neurological and cardiac consequences.

  10. Lightning safety guidelines and awareness:

    • Development and dissemination of lightning safety guidelines to raise awareness and reduce casualties.

  11. Lightning injuries in specific populations (e.g., fishermen on Lake Victoria):

    • Tailoring safety methods to specific populations with unique risks.

  12. Lightning-related psychiatric and psychological effects:

    • Consideration of psychiatric and psychological effects post-lightning injury, influencing diagnostic formulations and treatment approaches.

  13. Lightning safety campaigns and education programs:

    • Implementation of lightning safety campaigns and education programs to enhance public knowledge and safety practices.

  14. Lightning fatalities by country and year:

    • Documentation and analysis of lightning fatalities by country and year, contributing to a global understanding of lightning risks.

  15. Lightning safety for athletics and recreation:

    • Specific guidelines and recommendations for lightning safety in outdoor activities and sports.

  16. Lightning risk reduction strategies:

    • Evaluation of lightning risk reduction strategies, including the comparison of safety measures such as the "lightning crouch."

This breakdown provides a glimpse into the diverse and multidimensional aspects of lightning-related research, safety measures, and global efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of lightning injuries.

Lightning Injuries Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Care, Pharmacologic Therapy (2024)
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