Follow these seven simple principles to invest money for healthy returns without taking too much risk.
- Separate savings from investments.
- Invest to reach long-term goals.
- Start sooner rather than later.
- Use tax-advantaged accounts.
- Don’t be a stock picker.
- Avoid high fees.
- Use automation.
The COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis have triggered extreme opens in a new windowstock market volatility. This week, Wall Street also saw the stock price for GameStop, a video game retailer, skyrocket far above what many people think it’s worth.
Seeing huge daily spikes and drops in stocks and the overall market may leave you wondering what to do with your investments or whether you should be investing in the first place.
You’ll learn how to achieve long-term financial goals, such as retirement or paying for a child’s college, even if you don’t have much money to invest.
Fortunately, the answer to opens in a new windowwise investing hasn’t changed. In fact, the market turmoil and GameStop stock frenzy prove that using simple, tried-and-true investment strategies is the best way for investors to get through any crisis.When you have a strong investment strategy, you’ll never panic or wonder if you’re doing the right things with your money, no matter what the news headlines say.
This post will review seven simple principles to grow your net worth no matter if you’re just starting to invest or you’ve been at it for decades. You’ll learn how to achieve long-term financial goals, such as retirement or paying for a child’s college, even if you don’t have much money to invest. I’ll include an explainer on why everyone has been talking about GameStop and if it matters to average investors.
7 simple principles to invest money wisely
Follow these seven simple principles to invest money for healthy returns without taking too much risk.
1.Separate savings from investments
Though we tend to use the terms saving and investing interchangeably, they’re not the same thing. Savings is cash you keep on hand for short-term planned purchases and unexpected emergencies. It should be liquid so you can tap it instantly if you lose your job or have a considerable expense. Make it a separate bucket of money you accumulate as a safety net.
In opens in a new windowThe Right Amount of Emergency Money to Keep in Cash, I explain how to build your emergency savings, so you’re always prepared for what happens in your financial life.
Also consider saving money for big purchases that you want to make within a year or two, such as a new car or home. Keeping the money in a bank savings account means you won’t earn much interest, but you won’t lose a penny.
A common question is whether you should invest your savings since banks pay such little interest. Investing means you expose money to some amount of risk in exchange for potential long-term growth.
A good rule of thumb is to keep at least three to six months’ worth of your living expenses in bank savings.
I don’t recommend investing your emergency savings unless you have more than enough on hand. A good rule of thumb is to keep at least three to six months’ worth of your living expenses in bank savings. If you have more, you might consider investing the excess using the principles I cover here.
2.Invest to reach long-term goals
While market values can swing wildly in short periods, such as days, months, or even a year or two, they have consistently gone up over more extended periods. That’s why investing is only appropriate for goals you want to achieve in at least three to five years in the future, such as putting kids through college or retiring.
Historically, a opens in a new windowdiversified stock portfolio has earned an average of 10%. But even if you only got 7%, by investing $400 a month for 40 years, you’d have over $1 million to spend in retirement.
A good rule of thumb is to invest a minimum of 10% to 15% of your gross income for retirement.
A good rule of thumb is to invest a minimum of 10% to 15% of your gross income for retirement. Yes, that’s in addition to the emergency savings that I previously mentioned. So, if you don’t have a healthy emergency fund, make accumulating some cash a top priority before you begin investing.
3.Start sooner rather than later
One of the most critical factors in how much investment wealth you can accumulate depends on when you start. There’s no better example of how the proverbial early bird gets them worm than with investing. Starting early allows your money to compound and grow exponentially over time—even if you don’t have much to invest.
Catching up becomes more difficult and expensive the longer you wait.
Consider two investors, Jessica and Brad, who set aside the same amount of money each month and get the same average annual return on their investments.
Jessica
- Begins investing at age 35and stops at age 65
- Invests $200 a month
- Gets an average return of 8%
- Ends up with just under $300,000
Brad
- Begins investing at age 25 and stops at age 65
- Invests $200 a month
- Gets an average return of 8%
- Ends up with just under $700,000
Because Brad started investing ten years before Jessica, he has $400,000 more to spend in retirement. Even though he only contributed $24,000 ($200 x 12 months x 10 years) more than Jessica, Brad’s investments had much more time to compound, making him more than two times wealthier.
Unfortunately, many people believe that they don’t earn enough to invest and can just catch up later on. If you wait for a someday raise, bonus, or windfall, you’re burning precious time. Catching up becomes more difficult and expensive the longer you wait.
Please remember that you’re never too young to begin planning and investing for your future. Even if you only have a small amount to invest now, it’s better over the long run than waiting. The bottom line is that the earlier you start investing, the more financial security you’ll have.
But what if you didn’t get a head start on investing and you’re worried about running out of time? You’ve got to dive in and get started now. Most retirement accounts allow for additional catch-up contributions to help you save more in the years leading up to retirement.
4.Use tax-advantaged accounts
One of the best ways to invest money is under the umbrella of one or more tax-advantaged accounts, such as an IRA or a workplace 401(k). If you’re self-employed, you have even more choices. My newest book, opens in a new windowMoney Smart Solopreneur,can help you choose the best business retirement plan, such as a SEP-IRA or a solo 401(k), based on your company size and goals.
Investing inside of retirement accounts helps you accumulate a nest egg and cut your tax bill at the same time.
Investing inside of retirement accounts helps you accumulate a nest egg and cut your tax bill at the same time. When you use “traditional” retirement accounts, you contribute on a pre-tax basis. That means you defer paying tax on both contributions and earnings until you make withdrawals in the future.
Another option is to contribute to a Roth 401(k) or a Roth IRA, where you pay tax on contributions upfront but take withdrawals in retirement that are entirely tax-free. If your employer offers a retirement plan, start participating as soon as possible, especially if they pay matching contributions.
Let’s say you get a full match on the first 3% of your salary contributed to a 401(k). If you earn $40,000 a year and contribute 10%, that equals $4,000 (10% of $40,000) a year or $333 a month. If that’s all you invested over 40 years and earned an average 7% annual return, you’d have a nest egg worth over $875,000.
Consider the benefit you’d get from matching funds: If your employer matched contributions up to 3% of your salary, they’d add $1,200 (3% of $40,000) a year or $100 a month to your account.
Now, you’re socking away a total of $5,200 ($4,000 plus $1,200) a year, which means you’ll have over $1.1 million after 40 years. That’s about $260,000 more to spend in retirement, thanks to those free, additional matching funds!
Even if your employer doesn’t match contributions, I’m still a big fan of opens in a new windowworkplace retirement accounts. Not only do they automate investing by deducting contributions from your paycheck before you see them, but a retirement plan also cuts your taxes. And you can take all your money with you, including your vested matching funds, if you leave the company.
In addition to retirement plans, there are other types of tax-advantaged accounts you can use to invest for different purposes, including:
- A 529 college savings plan allows your earnings to grow tax-free if you use the funds to pay for qualified education expenses.
- A health savings account (HSA) is available to pay eligible medical costs on a tax-free basis when you have a high deductible health plan.
5.Don’t be a stock picker
Buying and selling individual stocks, such as Apple, Amazon, Google, or GameStop comes with substantial risk. Even professional money managers can’t predict with certainty whether a stock will go up or down.
The GameStop frenzy you may have heard about this week is a great example. In a nutshell, here’s what happened. The game retailer hasn’t been doing well, so professional investors shorted the stock. That means they were so sure the company would fail that they bet on it. Shorting means you profit if a stock price goes down, and it’s completely legal.
Any individual stock can fluctuate wildly from minute to minute, making it too risky for an average investor. The best strategy for getting high stock returns with much less risk is to own one or more diversified funds.
When a vast group of investors in a Reddit forum discovered the huge short positions on GameStop, they decided to do the opposite and buy the stock. That pushed up the price, causing the short sellers to lose billions.Many trading platforms and apps put on the brakes by temporarily restricting users from buying and selling GameStop and some other volatile stocks.
You might say the GameStop move is like individual investors banding together to “stick it to the man” or wealthy investment firms. It’s the first time we’ve seen online groups of day traders inflate a stock price so much that it hurt huge retail investors.However, the artificially inflated GameStop stock price will eventually drop because the company isn’t fundamentally healthy.
The takeaway is that any individual stock can fluctuate wildly from minute to minute, making it too risky for an average investor. The best strategy for getting high stock returns with much less risk is to own one or more diversified funds. A opens in a new windowstock fund is made up of hundreds or thousands of underlying stocks, which spreads out risk.
I recommend that you start by figuring out how much stock you should own based on your goals, such as a retirement date.
Here’s an easy shortcut: Subtract your age from 100 and use that number as the percentage of stock funds to hold in your retirement portfolio. For example, if you’re 40, you might consider holding 60% of your portfolio in stock funds. If you tend to be more aggressive, subtract your age from 110 instead, which would indicate 70% for stocks. But this is just a rough guideline that you may decide to change.
You might allocate your stock percentage to various stock funds or put it all into one, such as a total stock market index fund that mirrors an entire index, such as the S&P 500. The remaining amount of your portfolio would own investments in other asset classes such as bond funds, real estate, and cash.
6.Avoid high fees
Different investment funds charge different fees, known as an expense ratio. For instance, a 2% expense ratio means that each year 2% of a fund’s total assets will be used to pay expenses, such as management, advertising, and administrative costs.If you choose a similar fund that charges 1%, that may seem like a small difference, but the savings add up.
For instance, if you invest $100,000 over 30 years with an average return of 7% instead of 6%, you’ll save about $200,000. So, be sure to choose low-cost funds, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and index funds, so more of your money stays in your account, helping you earn higher returns.
7.Use automation
To be a opens in a new windowsuccessful investor, you need to invest consistently over a long period. A great way to maintain an investing habit is to automate it.
Sometimes you have to outsmart yourself to manage money wisely.
Have money automatically transferred from your paycheck or bank account into a savings or investment account every month before you get tempted to spend it. Yes, sometimes you have to outsmart yourself to manage money wisely.
Putting your investments on autopilot is by far the best way to build wealth safely. Years from now, when you have savings to fall back on and investments to fund your dream lifestyle, you’ll be so happy that you took control of your financial future.
