How to Invest Your 401(k) - NerdWallet (2024)

FAQs

How to Invest Your 401(k) - NerdWallet? ›

Key Takeaways. The rule of thumb for retirement savings is 10% of gross salary for a start. If your company offers a matching contribution, make sure you contribute enough to get it all. If you're aged 50 or over, you're allowed to make a catch-up contribution each year.

Key Takeaways. The rule of thumb for retirement savings is 10% of gross salary for a start. If your company offers a matching contribution, make sure you contribute enough to get it all. If you're aged 50 or over, you're allowed to make a catch-up contribution each year.

As a rule of thumb, you can subtract your age from 110 or 100 to find the percentage of your portfolio that should be invested in equities; the rest should be in bonds. Using 110 will lead to a more aggressive portfolio; 100 will skew more conservative.

Although 401(k) plans are an excellent way to save, it may not be possible to set aside enough for a comfortable retirement, in part because of IRS limits. Inflation and taxes on 401(k) distributions erode the value of your savings.

Start Saving as Soon as Possible

“If you're starting at age 40, you'll need to be able to put away about $1,300 a month to get to $1 million by age 65 — still assuming a 7% return.” If you start saving at age 20, you could set aside less than $300 a month and have $1 million by age 65, assuming a 7% annual return.

Can I retire at 55 with $500k? Yes, retiring at 55 with $500,000 is feasible. An annuity can offer a lifetime guaranteed income of $24,688 per year or an initial $21,000 that increases over time to offset inflation. At 62, Social Security Benefits augment this income.

To get approximately $2,000 per month from your 401k when you retire, you'll need to have saved around $800,000. To reach this goal, you must start saving as early as possible, contribute as much as possible to your 401k each year, and consistently invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds.

Most retirement experts recommend you contribute 10% to 15% of your income toward your 401(k) each year. The most you can contribute in 2023 is $22,500 or $30,000 if you are 50 or older (that's an extra $7,500). Consider working with a financial advisor to determine a contribution rate.

By age 40, you should have three times your annual salary already saved. By age 50, you should have six times your salary in an account. By age 60, you should have eight times your salary working for you. By age 67, your total savings total goal is 10 times the amount of your current annual salary.

For personal finance guru Dave Ramsey, one retirement account option stands apart from the rest. Ramsey recommended contributing to a company-administered 401(k), but not necessarily the traditional version. “We always recommend the Roth option if your plan offers one,” said Ramsey.

Do millionaires invest in 401k? ›

The number of 401(k) millionaires in Fidelity-managed plans is relatively small, just shy of 1.4 percent out of 21.5 million accounts. That segment peaked in 2021, at 442,000, with a median balance of $1.3 million, according to Mike Shamrell, vice president for workplace thought leadership for Fidelity.

Do Millionaires Use 401(k)s? Plenty of millionaires and superrich people use 401(k) plans to build wealth. But they don't necessarily put all their eggs in one basket. They may also supplement their 401(k) savings with IRAs, taxable brokerage accounts, annuities, real estate, and other investments.

For that reason, many experts recommend investing 10-15 percent of your annual salary in a retirement savings vehicle like a 401(k).

So, can you retire at 60 with $1 million, and what would that look like? It's certainly possible to retire comfortably in this scenario. But it's wise to review your spending needs, taxes, health care, and other factors as you prepare for your retirement years.

It's definitely possible, but there are several factors to consider—including cost of living, the taxes you'll owe on your withdrawals, and how you want to live in retirement—when thinking about how much money you'll need to retire in the future.

Yes, $2 million should be enough to retire. Annuities provide an income option to pay a guaranteed monthly amount for two lives.

You can probably retire in financial comfort at age 45 if you have $3 million in savings. Although it's much younger than most people retire, that much money can likely generate adequate income for as long as you live.

That works out to $3,538 in monthly Social Security benefits, after adding on delayed-retirement credits worth an extra 32%. You can see that Social Security doesn't replace a huge portion of earnings, but it's still a significant contribution.

A recent analysis determined that a $1 million retirement nest egg may only last about 20 years depending on what state you live in. Based on this, if you retire at age 65 and live until you turn 84, $1 million will probably be enough retirement savings for you.

If you earn $75,000 per year, you can expect to receive $2,358 per month -- or about $28,300 annually -- from Social Security.

Will my 401k still grow if I stop contributing? ›

Does a 401(k) grow if I stop contributing? Yes, though you will no longer be adding to it each paycheck, nor will your employer, your 401(k) account will grow just on compound interest alone.

The Bottom Line. In many cases, a Roth IRA can be a better choice than a 401(k) retirement plan, as it offers more investment options and greater tax benefits. It may be especially useful if you think you'll be in a higher tax bracket later on.

Aim to Save More Than 10%

Saving enough to qualify for a 401(k) match allows you to capture valuable employer contributions, but you may need to save more than that to end up with an adequate nest egg for retirement.

Even with an average annual return of 10%, you'll have to save $481 per month to get to $1 million before you retire.

The quick answer is “yes”! With some planning, you can retire at 60 with $500k. Remember, however, that your lifestyle will significantly affect how long your savings will last.

Employees 50 and older can contribute an extra $7,500, up from $6,500 in 2022. In 2021, roughly 14% of investors maxed out employee deferrals, according to 2022 estimates from Vanguard, based on 1,700 plans and nearly 5 million participants.

One of the golden rules of retirement savings is to always try to prioritize taking the full amount of your employer match. For example, if your employer matches dollar for dollar your first 4% of 401(k) contributions, you should strive to put at least 4% into your 401(k).

Orman says 10% of your salary is the minimum amount you should put in your 401(k), and she says 15% is a smarter target. If you're not putting in 15% yet, raise your contribution by 1% per year until you get there.

When does money double every seven years? To use the Rule of 72 to figure out when your money will double itself, all you need to know is the annual rate of expected return. If this is 10%, then you'll divide 72 by 10 (the expected rate of return) to get 7.2 years.

How many Americans have $1000000 in retirement savings? ›

In fact, statistically, around 10% of retirees have $1 million or more in savings.

For 2023, the IRS limits the amount of compensation eligible for 401(k) contributions to $330,000. That's an increase from the 2022 limit of $305,000. The IRS adjusts this limit every year based on changes to the cost of living.

Choose the right career

And one crucial detail to note: Millionaire status doesn't equal a sky-high salary. “Only 31% averaged $100,000 a year over the course of their career,” the study found, “and one-third never made six figures in any single working year of their career.”

Notably, stashing away $1 million or more in a 401(k) plan is rare. Only about 1.4% of 401(k) accounts at the financial services firm had more than $1 million in assets at the end of 2022, according to Fidelity data.

Some alternatives include IRAs and qualified investment accounts. IRAs, like 401(k)s, offer tax advantages for retirement savers. If you qualify for the Roth option, consider your current and future tax situation to decide between a traditional IRA and a Roth.

I typically respond by saying, “At least 20%.” They usually laugh and say, “No, really.” And I repeat, “Really, at least 20%.” Many experts, including Vanguard, suggest that most of us need to add 12% to 15% of our compensation to our 401(k) plan accounts every year we work.

This means that if you make $100,000 shortly before retirement, you can start to plan using the ballpark expectation that you'll need about $75,000 a year to live on in retirement. You'll likely need less income in retirement than during your working years because: Most people spend less in retirement.

You would build a 401(k) balance of $263,697 by the end of the 20-year time frame. Modifying some of the inputs even a little bit can demonstrate the big impact that comes with small changes. If you start with just a $5,000 balance instead of $0, the account balance grows to $283,891.

1,821,745 Households in the United States Have Investment Portfolios Worth $3,000,000 or More.

How much do most people retire with? ›

The Federal Reserve's most recent data reveals that the average American has $65,000 in retirement savings. By their retirement age, the average is estimated to be $255,200.

Can 10 million dollars last a lifetime? Yes, $10 million dollars can last a lifetime, even with the most risk-free investments. The important thing is not to spend more each year than your income for the year.

One rule of thumb is that you'll need 70% of your pre-retirement yearly salary to live comfortably. That might be enough if you've paid off your mortgage and are in excellent health when you kiss the office good-bye.

Once you have $1 million in assets, you can look seriously at living entirely off the returns of a portfolio. After all, the S&P 500 alone averages 10% returns per year. Setting aside taxes and down-year investment portfolio management, a $1 million index fund could provide $100,000 annually.

According to data from the BLS, average incomes in 2021 after taxes were as follows for older households: 65-74 years: $59,872 per year or $4,989 per month. 75 and older: $43,217 per year or $3,601 per month.

Mathematically, 10% Just Isn't Enough

By saving 10%, your money would need to grow at a rate of 6.7% a year for you to retire 40 years from when you start. In order to retire early, after 30 years of contributing, you would need an unrealistically high rate of return of 10.3%.

At $200,000 per year in average returns, this is more than enough for all but the highest spenders to live comfortably. You can collect your returns, pay your capital gains taxes and have plenty left over for a comfortable lifestyle. The bad news about an index fund is the variability.

Additionally, statistics show that the top 2% of the United States population has a net worth of about $2.4 million. On the other hand, the top 5% wealthiest Americans have a net worth of just over $1 million. Therefore, about 2% of the population possesses enough wealth to meet the current definition of being rich.

What is the 7 percent rule? The 7 percent rule is a retirement planning guideline that suggests you can comfortably withdraw 7 percent of your retirement savings annually without running out of money.

A study by Vanguard reported that the average employer match was 4.5% in 2020, with the median at 3% of salary. In 2023, if you're getting at least 4% to 6% in 401k employer matching, it's considered a “good” 401k match. Anything above 6% would be considered “great”.

What percent of my paycheck should go to 401k? ›

The 401(k) contribution limit is $22,500 in 2023. Workers age 50 and older can contribute an additional $7,500 in 2023. Qualifying for a 401(k) match is the fastest way to build wealth for retirement. Many financial advisors recommend saving more than 10% of your income for retirement.

Medicare is another valuable benefit that isn't available for most 55-year-old retirees. Until you reach the usual qualification age of 65, your post-retirement budget will have to include paying premiums for private health insurance. You can probably retire at 55 if you have $4 million in savings.

The (Overly) Simple Math Behind the “$1000/Month Rule”

The math behind the $1000-a-month rule is simple. If you take 5% of a $240,000 retirement nest egg each year, that works out to $12,000/year, which, divided into 12 months, gives you $1000 each month. Painless, right?

Most retirement experts recommend you contribute 10% to 15% of your income toward your 401(k) each year. The most you can contribute in 2023 is $22,500 or $30,000 if you are 50 or older (that's an extra $7,500). Consider working with a financial advisor to determine a contribution rate.

Overall, you should max out your contributions every year if you can do so while getting the maximum matching benefit from your employer.

By age 40, you should have three times your annual salary already saved. By age 50, you should have six times your salary in an account. By age 60, you should have eight times your salary working for you. By age 67, your total savings total goal is 10 times the amount of your current annual salary.

Many employers match as much as 50 cents on the dollar, on up to 6% of your salary. Most advisors recommend contributing enough to get the maximum match. Turning down free money doesn't make sense unless the fund is so bad that you're losing most of it to fees and substandard returns.

Many retirement planners suggest the typical 401(k) portfolio generates an average annual return of 5% to 8% based on market conditions. But your 401(k) return depends on different factors like your contributions, investment selection and fees.

But many financial advisors would say that investors with decades until retirement could reasonably invest 100 percent of their 401(k) into diversified stock funds. Others with less than a decade until they need the money may consider becoming more conservative over time.

Retirement experts suggest that you contribute at least 10% of your salary to your 401(k) account, but even this may not be enough for a secure retirement. Fidelity Investments recommends that you should be saving at least 15% of your pre-tax salary for retirement.