How to claim EU VAT refund after Brexit (2024)

Following the UK’s departure from the EU on 31 January 2020 – and after a transition period of 11 months – there were changes in how businesses trade with EU member states from 1 January 2021.

As a result, businesses must follow a different route to get VAT refund paid in EU countries. From 1 April 2021 UK businesses no longer have access to the EU electronic portal. The deadline for claiming VAT incurred on expenses in the EU on or before 31 December 2020 was 31 March 2021.

How to claim a refund on or after 1 January 2021

Any VAT incurred in EU member states can be claimed via the following systems:

  • the EU VAT refund system
  • the 13th Directive process.

Who should use the EU VAT refund system?

The EU VAT refund system can be used to make a claim for a refund of VAT incurred in an EU member state if your business is established in Northern Ireland or you have an establishment in Northern Ireland and you make:

  • any supplies of goods in, or from, Northern Ireland
  • EU intra-community acquisitions of goods.

If youmeet the conditions, you can use the system to claim back VAT on invoices for goods only. You will need to use 13th Directive process for everything else such as VAT on purchase of services or where you are not eligible to use the EU VAT refund system.

See HMRC updated VAT notice 723A for more detailed guidance.

How to claim a refund under the 13th Directive process

Full guidance on how to get refund under the 13th Directive processis divided in two categories:

  • VAT refunds to non-EU businesses
  • VAT refunds to foreign tourists.

VAT refunds for non-EU businesses

UK businesses which are not required to register for VAT in the European Union, and who have incurred VAT in connection with their activities in an EU country, are entitled to deduct that VAT.

This ‘deduction’ is made by means of a refund from the EU country where they paid the VAT.

Claimants must send an application to the national tax authorities in the EU country where they incurred the VAT – seeVAT refunds - country guide.

Full rules and procedure to follow can be found inDirective 86/560/EEC

To qualify for a refund under this procedure (see Article 1Directive 86/560/EEC), during the refund period abusiness must NOT have:

  • been based in any EU country or territory or
  • supplied goods or services in the country where they incurred the VAT – except:
    • exempted transport and ancillary services (Articles 144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 159 or 160VAT Directive) or
    • services to customers solely liable for payment of the related VAT under the reverse-charge mechanism (Articles 194, 196 or 199VAT Directive).

Additionally, you need to be aware of any EU country-specific conditions. Any EU country may:

  • refuse to refund VAT in this way if the claimant’s country/territory does not grant reciprocal refund rights for VAT or similar to businesses based in that EU country
  • impose restrictions on the type of expenditure qualifying for refunds
  • insist that the claimant appoint a tax representative.

VAT refunds for non-EU tourists

EU retailers can provide a VAT refund for goods sold to non-EU tourists when exporting them. Specifically, this covers:

  • tourists whose permanent address or habitual residence (as stated in their passport or other recognised identity document) is not in the EU
  • EU nationals living outside the EU (who can prove this with a residence permit or similar).

Tourists must meet the following conditions to be able to claim VAT refund:

  • the tourists must provideproof of residence(eg non-EU passport or residence permit)
  • the goods must betaken out of the EU within three monthsof being bought. The tourist must provide a stamped VAT refund document proving this
  • thevalueof the goods bought must be above a certain minimum (set by each EU country)
  • retailers can either refund the VAT directly or use an intermediary. One or other of them maycharge a fee, deductible from the refunded VAT amount.

More information can be found on VAT refunds for non-EU tourists.

Useful resources

ACCA technical factsheet – Cross-border VAT in 2020 and beyond

ACCA'sSummary of VAT impacts

How to claim EU VAT refund after Brexit (2024)

FAQs

How to claim EU VAT refund after Brexit? ›

You will receive an invoice for the goods. You must show the invoice, the refund form, the goods and any other necessary documents to the customs officers of the last EU country you leave. The customs officers must stamp the form as proof of export. Without the stamp, you will not obtain the refund.

How do I get my VAT refund after leaving Europe? ›

You will receive an invoice for the goods. You must show the invoice, the refund form, the goods and any other necessary documents to the customs officers of the last EU country you leave. The customs officers must stamp the form as proof of export. Without the stamp, you will not obtain the refund.

Can I claim VAT back in USA? ›

Refund of foreign taxes paid (VAT) & (GST) The United States Government does not refund sales tax to foreign visitors. The foreign country in which you paid the Value Added Tax (VAT) is responsible for refunding the tax.

How do I claim my VAT refund after leaving UK? ›

How to get a VAT refund
  1. Get a VAT 407(NI) form from the retailer. ...
  2. Complete the VAT 407(NI) form. ...
  3. Show the goods, the completed form and your receipts to customs at the point when you leave Northern Ireland or the EU.
  4. Customs will approve your form if everything is in order.

Can I claim VAT after leaving EU? ›

The VAT can be refunded if the merchandise is purchased and exported by a customer whose residence is outside the European Union. Please note that in order to qualify for tax-refund the merchandise has to be exported within three months of purchase. The VAT refund is voluntary and can be refused.

What is VAT refund for tourists in Europe? ›

A VAT, or Value Added Tax, refund in Europe is fairly similar to a tax-free holiday in the States, except it's only available to foreign tourists. A VAT is a surplus charge, often in excess of 25% of the total purchase that is added to most sales in countries inside of the European Union.

How do I claim my VAT back? ›

Claiming back VAT involves completing a VAT Return opens in new window – usually each quarter. If completing the VAT Return form online on HMRC's website opens in new window, you must enter how much VAT your business was charged in that three-month accounting period for goods and services you are able to claim VAT on.

How do I claim VAT back from USA airport? ›

Refund Locations: Both US Citizens and non-US citizens can claim tax refunds at all major international airport terminals, they would have a Tax refund desk. Check the airport for the details on the terminal. Also, if you are a non-US citizen, then you can even claim tax refunds at certain mall locations in the state.

Which European country has the highest VAT refund? ›

Which Country Has the Highest VAT Refund? Hungary has the highest VAT refund at 27%.

Do I have to pay VAT on goods from EU to US? ›

VAT varies by country, but it is generally between 7 and 20 percent of the value of the merchandise. For imports, VAT is based on the customs value of your goods. The United States does not currently charge a VAT tax on imports, but you will likely have to pay this tax if you import goods into the European Union.

How long after can you claim VAT back? ›

You can reclaim VAT paid on goods or services bought before you registered for VAT if you bought them within: 4 years for goods you still have or goods that were used to make other goods you still have. 6 months for services.

Can you reclaim VAT outside UK? ›

UK and Isle of Man businesses can claim refunds of VAT from the EU and in other countries abroad. This process varies across the world so you will need to follow the procedure set out by the country from which you're making the claim. UK businesses may need to provide a certificate of status to get a refund.

Can you reclaim VAT on purchases outside UK? ›

If you've exported goods and you re-import them, you may be able to claim back the VAT that you pay when you import them. If the goods were originally sent out of the UK temporarily – for example for exhibition, or because they were on sale or return and they were returned – there is no UK VAT due on import.

Who can claim EU VAT refund? ›

Goods sold in European Union countries have Value-Added Tax (VAT) included in the posted price. VAT varies from country to country, but in most E.U. member states, non-residents are entitled to a refund of the VAT paid on goods if they are exported and not consumed while in the E.U.

Who can claim VAT back? ›

If you're registered for VAT, you can claim that back. You do this by reporting how much VAT you paid during a period of time. HMRC balances the amount you've paid against the VAT you've collected to work out your refund or bill (learn more in working out your VAT).

Is the VAT refund better in cash or credit card? ›

You receive your refund either in cash or as a direct credit back on your credit card. Cash refunds are faster but typically have a higher fee. Credit card refunds can be slower, but typically get more money back. Sometimes the refund is instant, sometimes it takes five days, sometimes it takes months.

Do Americans pay VAT in Europe? ›

YES. Duty-free shopping, for example in airports, is only for non-EU residents whose are travelling to a destination outside the EU. EU residents have to pay VAT, even when they shop in another EU country. You may sometimes be exempt from paying VAT when you buy a car in another EU country.

How much tax do you get back from shopping in Europe? ›

In Europe, this amount usually ranges anywhere from 15 to 25%, but it varies by country. If you're a tourist who's shopping abroad, you can usually get this amount back if you prove that you're taking your new goods out of the country.

Can you claim VAT back on flights? ›

You can reclaim VAT from work related travel expenses - i.e. plane tickets, accommodation, etc. on your business trips. You cannot get a VAT refund from your travels in your free time.

How do I get a VAT refund in Paris? ›

How to get a tax refund. To be entitled to a tax refund, you must present the duty-free slip at customs on leaving France. You may be asked to produce the objects purchased so that they can be verified. You can easily obtain an electronic duty-free slip by using the Pablo terminals at the airports.

What is the tourist tax in the EU? ›

The tourist tax applies to travelers staying in all types of accommodation including hotels, apartments, hostels and campsites. The fee varies from 50 cents to €2 per night ($0.55 to $2.18) depending on the accommodation.

What is the VAT refund rate in Paris? ›

On average, you will receive a 12% refund.

There are some exceptions, for example, pharmacy goods offers a 10% refund, and if you purchase food and books you will receive 5.5% refund.

Who has the highest VAT in Europe? ›

The EU countries with the highest standard VAT rates are Hungary (27 percent), Croatia, Denmark, and Sweden (all at 25 percent). Luxembourg levies the lowest standard VAT rate at 16 percent, followed by Malta (18 percent), Cyprus, Germany, and Romania (all at 19 percent).

How does VAT tax work in Europe? ›

VAT rates. EU law only requires that the standard VAT rate must be at least 15% and the reduced rate at least 5% (only for supplies of goods and services referred to in an exhaustive list). Actual rates applied vary between EU countries and between certain types of products.

Why do Americans get VAT back in Europe? ›

That's because exports are exempt from VAT. When you purchase goods or merchandise in Europe and bring it back home, your purchase is regarded as an export. As a result, you can claim a VAT refund for it. Note that you are NOT eligible for a VAT refund when you pay for a hotel night or a restaurant meal.

Which European country has the cheapest VAT? ›

Which country in the EU has the lowest VAT rate? Luxembourg has currently the lowest VAT rate with a VAT rate of 17%. Each EU member state decides on the percentage of VAT (Value added tax) tax on the of goods and services.

How to shop in Europe tax free? ›

Get a refund directly from the shop where you make your purchase. Request a VAT refund form, have it stamped by a customs official when you leave the European Union, then mail the stamped form back to the store (assuming that the shop is willing to handle refunds this way).

Do US citizens pay VAT in UK? ›

Importing goods from the US to the UK

If you're importing goods from the USA, there's no requirement for VAT-registered businesses to account for VAT. If you're importing something from the US, the US sales tax will not be added, but rather, the UK tax rate (usually 20%) will be paid upon import.

Do you pay VAT from UK to USA? ›

VAT is a tax on goods used in the UK and you do not charge VAT if goods are exported from: Great Britain to a destination outside the UK.

How much goods can you bring back to US? ›

Mailing and Shipping Goods - Customs Duty Guidance

Up to $1,600 in goods will be duty-free under your personal exemption if the merchandise is from an IP. Up to $800 in goods will be duty-free if it is from a CBI or Andean country. Any additional amount, up to $1,000, in goods will be dutiable at a flat rate (3%).

Can you claim VAT back without a receipt? ›

To reclaim VAT on the purchases that you've acquired for your business you need to have a valid VAT receipt (or VAT invoice) as proof of the purchase and that you've paid VAT on that purchase. If you don't have a valid VAT receipt you cannot reclaim the VAT.

What happens with a late VAT return? ›

If your accounting period started on or before 31 December 2022. HMRC will record a 'default' on your account if you are late with your VAT Return or payment. Once you've defaulted, you'll begin a 12 month 'surcharge period'. A surcharge is an extra amount on top of the VAT you owe.

Can you claim VAT back on food? ›

You can't claim a VAT refund on restaurant bills, just as a Brit can't reclaim GST on restaurant bills incurred in the US.

What is the minimum purchase for VAT refund UK? ›

Refund Rates
Purchase AmountPercentage
Less than 400 GBP4.3% – 12%
400 GBP – 4,000 GBP12% – 14%
4,000 GBP – 15,000 GBP14%
More than 15,000 GBPAround 16.7%

How long does a VAT refund take UK? ›

How long it takes. Repayments are usually made within 30 days of HMRC getting your VAT Return. Your repayment will go direct to your bank account if HMRC has your bank details. Otherwise HMRC will send you a cheque (also known as a 'payable order').

What is the tax-refund rate for tourists in the UK? ›

20% VAT rate

Actual tax refund value subject to amount spent and Terms and Conditions. Shoppers eligible for VAT / Sales Tax Refund: As of 1 January 2021 the UK no longer operates Tax Free Shopping and visitors will no longer be able to purchase items in store in Great Britain under the VAT Retail Export Scheme.

Do I have to pay the VAT if I buy something from the UK? ›

The Brexit Trade Deal does not impact on VAT. You may have to pay VAT on purchases from the UK from 1 January 2021.

Can you claim VAT on purchases from the UK? ›

Under European law, you can reclaim Value-Added Tax (VAT) incurred in another Member State from that Member State. You do not have to be established in that Member State. This is done through the Electronic VAT Refund (EVR) system.

How do I get a VAT refund from the Netherlands? ›

How to claim back Value Added Tax
  1. Ask for a tax-free form at affiliated shops. Many department stores and gift shops have tax-free forms behind the cash register. ...
  2. Pick up customs stamps at the airport. ...
  3. Collect your money at the right tax refund desk.

Who is exempt from VAT? ›

Certain goods and services are exempt from VAT. This means that they are not subject to VAT, and therefore do not incur the standard 20% VAT charge. Examples of exempt goods and services include insurance, education, and health services.

How do I claim my VAT refund online? ›

How to access the electronic VAT refund service
  1. click on the 'My Services' homepage.
  2. select 'File a Return' option from 'Complete a Form-Online'
  3. select 'EVR' from the 'Tax Type' option list.
  4. select 'EU Vat Refund Applic” from the 'Select a return type' option list.
  5. click the 'File Return' button.
Feb 28, 2022

What items are exempt from VAT? ›

VAT exempt supplies include:
  • Education and training.
  • Insurance, finance and credit.
  • Fundraising events by charities.
  • Medical treatments provided by hospitals.
  • Subscriptions to membership organisations.
  • Selling, leasing and letting of commercial land and buildings — though authorities can waive this exemption.
Mar 7, 2023

What is the difference between a VAT return and a tax return? ›

How to Tell the Difference Between a Tax Return and a VAT Return. VAT is charged and recovered on transactions, both income and expenditure. This is different from your annual tax return which is based upon the declared profits of your business over your accounting year.

Why do VAT refunds exist? ›

VAT refunding started as a mechanism to give individual exports a similar tax-free status to goods exported en masse by businesses. Soon, governments recognized that promoting these individual exports to tourists led to the consumption of all sorts of additional services locally.

What is the advantage of VAT? ›

Benefits of VAT

With a tax based on consumption rather than another variable, VAT provides a stable revenue source as a consistent tax. Another popular form of taxation is income tax, which varies based on an individual's personal income. However, a VAT system implements a similar tax percentage on various items.

Do I pay VAT on goods from Germany to USA? ›

Exports from Germany to the US are VAT exempt. Do I need to register for VAT in Germany? Businesses trading physical goods in Germany that are not VAT registered elsewhere in the EU have no VAT threshold, and must register for a German VAT number.

How long does it take to get VAT refund? ›

All tax refunds are issued on discretion of the tax authorities. This being said, for claims submitted under the 8th Directive your organisation's VAT must be refunded within 4 months of the submission of the application.

Can you get VAT refund after leaving France? ›

If you leave the European Union from France

If you opt for the manual procedure, French Customs will stamp and return the two sheets of your VAT refund form to you. You then send the stamped form to the retailer.

Do I have to pay VAT on goods from EU to USA? ›

The majority of goods exported to the US can be zero-rated for VAT. In other words, you don't need to charge VAT on the exported goods or extra charges such as shipping and delivery.

Do Americans have to pay VAT in Europe? ›

YES. Duty-free shopping, for example in airports, is only for non-EU residents whose are travelling to a destination outside the EU. EU residents have to pay VAT, even when they shop in another EU country. You may sometimes be exempt from paying VAT when you buy a car in another EU country.

Do US customers have to pay VAT? ›

The seller then remits VAT to the tax authority. For U.S. consumers, this may seem like double taxation, but it isn't. Only each value addition is taxed, not the sale of the product itself. The seller only charges for their portion of the tax.

Is it better to get VAT refund in cash or credit card? ›

Cash refunds are faster but typically have a higher fee. Credit card refunds can be slower, but typically get more money back. Sometimes the refund is instant, sometimes it takes five days, sometimes it takes months.

How much is VAT refund in Germany? ›

The standard VAT rate in Germany is 19%. Germany will reimburse between 11.4% and 13.6% of the amount you spend during your trip on products subject to standard VAT rates.

Is Louis Vuitton tax free in Paris? ›

The Answer is Yes, Louis Vuitton is Cheaper in Paris on average by 30%! This is because of the EU Vat Tax refund of 12%, the brand is headquartered in Paris, which means you don't have to pay import tax, and because of the currency exchange rate. Why is Louis Vuitton cheaper in Paris?

How do I claim tax back from shopping in France? ›

Go to Customs Self-service Validation Kiosk; Scan the barcode of your Form at the kiosk to get a e-validation (wait for the confirmation from the Kiosk: !! 1 Form = 1 validation !!). If required by the kiosk, present your Tax Free Forms, receipts and unused purchases at the Customs Desk.

How do I get my VAT back in Paris? ›

For an immediate VAT refund, you should present all your documents at the tax refund desk at the airport, the port or the train station from which you are departing. Otherwise, you must send the documents by post to a tax refund office such as Detaxe SAS, Global Blue France or Detaxe.com.

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