How Long Does a Country Last? (2024)

Afghanistan1747Durrani Empire15 August 2021Fall of Kabul reestablished the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.AsiaAlbania1190Principality of Arbër was established by archon Progon29 April 1991Socialist People's Republic of Albania was replaced by the Republic of Albania28 November 1912 - Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire|28 November 1944 - Albanian state re-established after Italian/German occupation|1945 - Occupied Kosovo, west Macedonia and border region of Montenegro returned to YugoslaviaEuropeAlgeria202 BCMassinissa unifies Numidia which extended from the Moulouya river in the west to Cyrenaica in the east19 September 1958Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic proclaimedAlgeria reclaims sovereignty over the entire Algerian territory upon independence from France in 1962AfricaAndorra1278Independence from Aragon28 April 1993Current Constitution of Andorra entered force28 August 2001 -The Andorra–France border is adjusted to allow Andorra to construct the Envalira Tunnel access bridgeEuropeAngola11 November 1975Independence from PortugalAfricaAntigua and Barbuda1960Independence from France1 March 1960AfricaArgentina25 May 1810May Revolution installs first local government10 December 1983The current Constitution of Argentina enters in force9 July 1816 - Argentine Declaration of Independence from Spain|18 October 1884 - Conquest of the DesertAmericasArmenia880Evolving as a feudal kingdom in the ninth century, Armenia experienced a brief cultural, political and economic renewal under the Bagratuni dynasty.21 September 19912015 Armenian constitutional referendum creates a parliamentary republic5 December 1936 - Establishment of the Armenian SSR|21 September 1991 - Independence recognized by the Soviet UnionAsiaAustralia1 January 1901Independence from United Kingdom1 January 1901Commonwealth of Australia established as federation3 March 1986 - Australia Act 1986|16 September 1975 - Papua New Guinea becomes formally independent of AustraliaAustralia/OceaniaAustria17 September 1156Privilegium Minus: Sovereignty from Duchy of Bavaria as a Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire12 November 1918Declaration of the Republic of German-Austria11 August 1804 - Proclamation of the Austrian Empire|27 April 1945 - Restoration of the Republic of Austria|14 December 1921 - City of Sopron, and 8 other towns moved to Hungary after plebisciteEuropeAzerbaijan28 May 1918Establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic18 October 1991Declaration of independence from the Soviet Union28 April 1920 - Establishment of the Azerbaijan SSRTranscontinental statesBahamas7 January 1964Internal self-governance granted10 July 1973Independence from the United KingdomAmericasBahrain15 August 1971End of treaties with the United Kingdom14 February 20022002 Constutution of Bahrain1 July 1521 - Portuguese conquest of current territoryAsiaBangladesh26 March 1971Independence from Pakistan declared4 November 1972Constitution of BangladeshFebruary 27, 1991 - First general election since restoration of parliamentary democracy|31 July 2015 - India and Bangladesh exchange enclavesAsiaBarbados30 November 1966Independence from the United KingdomAmericasBelarus882Formation of the Kievan Rus'28 November 1996Constitutional amendment abolishes the Supreme Soviet and establishes the National Assembly27 July 1990 - Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic|25 August 1991 - Independence recognized by Soviet UnionEuropeBelgium4 October 1830Independence was proclaimed by the provisonial government21 July 1831King Leopold I of Belgium swears allegiance to the constitution making the country a constitutional monarchyEuropeBelize1 January 1964Self-governing colony21 September 1981Independence from the United Kingdom1859 - Treaty establishes border between British Honduras and GuatemalaAmericasBenin1 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaBhutan1885Ugyen Wangchuck ends period of civil war and unites Bhutan24 March 2008First elections to the National Assembly11 November 1865 - Treaty of SinchulaAsiaBolivia6 August 1825Bolivian War of Independence from Spain.25 January 2009Constitution of Bolivia21 July 1844 - Independence recognized by Spain|11 November 1903 - Treaty of Petrópolis with Brazil whereby Bolivia gained lands in Mato Grosso in exchange for the territory of AcreAmericasBosnia and Herzegovina3 March 1992Independence declared from the SFR Yugoslavia25 November 1943 - Establishment of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaEuropeBotswana30 September 1966Independence from the United Kingdom30 September 1966Sedudu ruled to belong to Botswana rather than Namibia by the International Court of Justice (1999)AfricaBrazil7 September 1822Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves declared5 October 1988Constitution of Brazil established as the third Federative Republic29 August 1825 - Independence recognized by Portugal|15 November 1889 - Proclamation of the Federal Republic|11 November 1903 - Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis with Bolivia whereby Brazil was given the territory of Acre in exchange for lands in Mato GrossoAmericasBrunei1 January 1984Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on 4 January 197912 December 1962Martial law declared during the Brunei Revolt, suspending democratic elections indefinitely.29 September 1959 - Constitution of Brunei|18 August 1841 - Kingdom of Sarawak foundedAmericasBulgaria632632, then 681 on territories of the Eastern Roman Empire10 November 1989People's Republic of Bulgaria was replaced by the Republic of Bulgaria1185 - Second Bulgarian Empire formed|13 July 1878 - Autonomy within Ottoman Empire recognized internationally by the Treaty of Berlin|22 September 1908 - Independence from Ottoman Empire|28 October 1944 - Under the 1944 Armistice with the Allies, Bulgaria renounces the 1941 annexation of Vardar Macedonia from Yugoslavia and Eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace from Greece. Formally confirmed on 10 February 1947 by Paris Peace TreatiesEuropeBurkina Faso5 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaBurundi1 July 1962Independence from Belgium28 November 1966Monarchy replaced by republicAfricaCambodia9 November 1953France grants Cambodia independence21 September 1993Constitution of Cambodia26 September 1989 - Becomes free from Vietnamese occupation; it gets back its name instead of the People's Republic of KampucheaAsiaCameroon1 January 1960Independence from France20 May 1972Merger of part of British Cameroons with Cameroon (1 October 1961)AfricaCanada1 July 1867Granted nominal independence (Dominion status), establishing as a federation11 December 1931Statute of Westminster17 April 1982 - Constitution Act, 1982 established|1 April 1999 - Nunavut Territory created as per native land claims act from two thirds of the area of Northwest Territories.AmericasCape Verde5 July 1975Independence from PortugalAfricaCentral African Republic13 August 1960Independence from France21 September 1979Monarchy replaced by republicAfricaChad11 August 1960Independence from France10 October 2022National Transitional Council establishedAouzou Strip awarded to Chad in 1977AfricaChile18 September 1810First Government Junta17 August 1989Amendment to the Constitution of Chile ends the military dictatorship12 February 1818 - Chilean Declaration of Independence from Spain|25 April 1844 - Independence recognized by Spain|3 July 1929 - Chile awarded Arica district in Treaty of LimaAmericasColombia20 July 1810Colombia declares independence from Spain.4 July 1991Colombian Constitution of 1991 established as a presidential republic17 December 1819 - Colombia merged with Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador|30 January 1881 - Declaration of Independence recognized by Spain8 August 1886 - Establishment of the current sovereignty of Colombia as a republicAmericasComoros6 July 1975Independence from France declaredAfricaCosta Rica15 September 1821Costa Rica declared independence from Spain7 November 1949Constitution of Costa Rica15 November 1838 - Independence from Federal Republic of Central America|10 May 1850 - ndependence recognized by Spain|25 July 1824 - Partido de NicoyaAmericasCroatia879Duke Branimir was recognized as an independent ruler of the Duchy of Croatia by Pope John VIII8 October 1991Independence from SFR Yugoslavia925 - Formation of Kingdom of Croatia by King Tomislav|10 February 1947 - Annexation of most of Istria to SR Croatia as a result of signing the 1947 Paris Peace TreatiesEuropeCuba10 October 1898Several wars were declared against Spain from 1868 to 1898, ending with the military support of USA to the Cuban Revolution1 January 1959Cuban Revolution10 December 1898 - Spain loses the war against the United States and the military occupation of Cuba by the U.S. begins|20 May 1902 - United States military occupation endsAmericasCyprus16 August 1960Independence from United Kingdom and Constitution of Cyprus23 July 1974 - Establishment of the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus|15 November 1983 (disputed) - Northern Cyprus declares independence. The government has de facto control of the northern part of the island, but is only recognized by TurkeyTranscontinental statesCzech RepublicOctober 1918Creation of Czechoslovakia1 January 1993Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, creating Czech Republic and SlovakiaEuropeDenmark965Harald Bluetooth unifies Denmark5 June 1953Constitutional Act of Denmark15 June 1920 - Sønderjylland was recovered from GermanyEuropeDjibouti27 June 1977Independence from FranceAfricaDominica27 February 1967Became an associated state of the United Kingdom3 November 1978Constitution of Dominica3 November 1978 - Independence from the United KingdomAmericasDominican Republic27 February 1844The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti28 November 1966Civilian constitution of the Dominican Republic following the Dominican Civil War.14 October 1874 - Independence recognized by Spain|9 May 1936 - Haiti and the Dominican Republic sign a treaty setting a definitive borderAmericasEcuador10 August 1809First declaration of Independence from Spain28 September 2008Constitution of Ecuador established.24 May 1822 - Second declaration of independence from Spain of Gran Colombia, of which Ecuador is a part of|13 May 1830 - Dissolution of Gran Colombia|16 February 1840 - Declaration of Independence recognized by Spain|26 February 1946 - Rio Protocol ends border dispute with Peru|AmericasEgypt28 February 1922The UK ends its protectorate, granting independence to Egypt18 June 1953Egyptian revolution of 1952, Egyptian monarchy overthrown in a military coup, republic declaredThe eastern borders of Libya and British Egypt are changed to their present boundaries (1925)AfricaEl Salvador15 September 1821El Salvador becomes independent from Spain, and 4 months later becomes province in First Mexican Empire16 December 1983Constitution of El Salvador established as the third Unitary presidential republic1 July 1823 - El Salvador becomes a state of Federal Republic of Central America from the First Mexican Empire|2 February 1841 - Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America, El Salvador becomes independent nation|18 February 1841 - El Salvador was internationally recognizedAmericasEquatorial Guinea12 October 1968Independence from SpainAfricaEritrea27 April 1993Independence from Ethiopia declaredBadme ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean–Ethiopian War). Contested by Ethiopia (1 April 2002)AfricaEstonia24 February 1918Estonian Declaration of Independence, whereby a republic was declared20 August 1991Independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation1 January 1945 - Eastern coast of Narva river and most of Petseri County were transferred to Russian SFSREuropeEswatini6 September 1968Independence from the United Kingdom8 February 2006Constitution of SwazilandAfricaEthiopia900Zagwe dynasty21 August 19951995 Constitution of EthiopiaBadme ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean–Ethiopian War). Contested by Ethiopia (1 April 2002)AfricaFiji10 October 1970Independence from the United KingdomAustralia/OceaniaFinland29 March 1809Diet of Porvoo, birth of Finland as an autonomous state entity within Russian Empire6 December 1917Independence from Russian Empire declared3 January 1918 - Independence from Russia recognized by the highest Soviet executive body|26 January 1956 - Porkkala returned from Soviet controlEuropeFrance481481 then 843 - First creation with (Clovis), king of the Franks. Then creation of the Kingdom of France (West Francia), Treaty of Verdun4 October 1958Establishment of the current semi-presidential system known as the Fifth Republic22 September 1792 - French Republic founded|30 July 1980 - The New Hebrides Condominium declares independence and becomes VanuatuEuropeGabon17 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaGambia18 February 1965Independence from the United KingdomAfricaGeorgia1008Establishment of the Kingdom of Georgia9 April 1991Independence from the Soviet Union declared26 May 1918 - Establishment of Democratic Republic of Georgia|28 November 1991 - South Ossetia unilaterally declared independenceTranscontinental statesGermany843843 then 962 - East Francia becomes the Holy Roman Empire (with the Kingdom of Germany as a main part of the empire)23 May 1949The Basic Law of Germany comes into effect1815 - German Confederation founded|18 January 1871 - German Empire founded|1954 - German Democratic Republic (commonly referred to at the time as East Germany) declared fully sovereign|5 May 1955 - Federal Republic of Germany (commonly referred to at the time as West Germany) declared fully sovereign|3 October 1990 - Reunification of West Germany and East GermanyEuropeGhana6 March 1957Independence from the United KingdomUnion of British Togoland with Gold Coast (13 December 1956) 1815AfricaGreece1821Greek Revolution starts, various regional administrations established during 182111 June 1975Third Hellenic Republic1 January 1822 - Provisional Administration of Greece proclaimed|3 February 1830 - Independence recognised by the London Protocol as Kingdom of Greece|10 February 1947 - Peace treaty with Italy awards the Dodecanese to GreeceEuropeGrenada27 February 1967Associated state of the United Kingdom30 September 1978Paul Scoon Takes power after the US Invasion Which Ousted the PRG7 February 1974 - Full independence from the United KingdomAmericasGuatemala15 September 1821Guatemala becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America, which declared independence from Spain31 May 1985Constitution of Guatemala established17 April 1839 - Independence from Federal Republic of Central America declared|29 May 1863 - Independence recognized by SpainAmericasGuyana26 May 1966Independence from the United KingdomAmericasHaiti1 January 1804The French colony Saint-Domingue gains independence as HaitiMarch 1987Constitution of 1987 (superseded)27 February 1844 - The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti|9 May 1936 - Haiti and the Dominican Republic sign a treaty setting a definitive borderAmericasHonduras15 September 1821Honduras becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America, which declared independence from Spain11 January 1982Constitution of Honduras26 October 1838 - Independence from Federal Republic of Central America|17 November 1894 - Independence from Spain recognizedAmericasHungary895Principality of Hungary formed1 January 2012The Basic Law of Hungary comes into effect.1000 - Formation of the Kingdom of Hungary by Stephen I of Hungary|23 October 1989 - People's Republic of Hungary was replaced by the Republic of Hungary|10 February 1947- With the Paris Peace Treaty, Hungary loses all territories that were regained with the First and Second Vienna Awards and during World War II, thus it returns to the 1937 borders (except for three villages in the northwest given to Czechoslovakia)EuropeIceland930The Icelandic Commonwealth established and first meeting held of the Althingi (Parliament).17 June 1944Kingdom of Iceland becomes a Republic.1 July 1845 - The Althingi resumes meeting after hiatus since 1799|1 December 1918 - Iceland becomes sovereign and independent from Denmark as the Kingdom of Iceland but retains a personal union with the King of DenmarkEuropeIndia2500 BCIndus Valley Civillisation was the earliest settlement in India26 January 1950Constitution of India15 August 1947 - Independence from the British Empire|31 July 2015 - India and Bangladesh exchange exclavesAsiaIndonesia17 August 1945Indonesian Declaration of Independence from Netherlands18 August 1945Ratification of the Constitution of Indonesia by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence27 December 1949 - Independence from the Netherlands recognized|20 May 2002 - Independence of East Timor, formerly administered as a province of IndonesiaTranscontinental statesIran2600 BCFounded by the Elamite3 December 1979New constitution was approved according to the results of the constitutional referendum of 2 and 3 December 197911 February 1979 - ended the monarchy and establishes the Islamic Republic on 11 February 1979|10 February 1828 - Signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, whereby the territories that now constitute Armenia, Azerbaijan (the remaining part which hadn't been lost by the Treaty of Gulistan 1813), and Iğdır are ceded to Russia|30 November 1971 - Recapture of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser TunbsAsiaIraq762The Abbasid Caliphate built the city of Baghdad along the Tigris in the 8th century as its capital, and the city became the leading metropolis of the Arab and Muslim world for five centuries15 October 2005Constitution of Iraq following the Iraq War3 October 1932 - Kingdom of Iraq|28 February 1991 - Kuwait liberatedAsiaIreland1542Foundation of the Kingdom of Ireland21 January 1919Elected Irish Parliament Dáil Éireann unilaterally declares Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom6 December 1922 - Irish Free State secedes from United Kingdom by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty but remains a dominion of the British Empire|11 December 1931 - Statute of Westminster confers legislative independence from the United Kingdom|29 December 1937 - Constitution of Ireland establishes the roles of Taoiseach and President, and replaces the Irish Free State (or Saorstat Eireann in Irish language) with a new state named Ireland (or Éire in Irish language)|Republic of Ireland Act 1948 terminates the functions of the British King in Ireland's diplomatic relations|2 December 1999 - Amendment to the Irish constitution removes irredentist claims to Northern IrelandEuropeIsrael14 May 194814 December 1981- The Golan Heights Law annexes the Golan Heights, conquered from Syria in the Six-day war to Israel proper; they were administered as a militarily-occupied territory until that point|12 September 2005 - The Completion of Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza StripAsiaItaly2 January 888 c.Sovereignty of the Kingdom of Italy, an independent successor state of the dissolved Carolingian Empire2 June 1946Italian Republic founded.17 March 1861 - Italian unification|25 April 1945 - Disestablishment of the German-backed Italian Social Republic, whereby the unity and independence of the Italian state was restoredEuropeIvory Coast4 December 1958Autonomous republic within French Community7 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaJamaica6 August 1962Independence from the United KingdomAmericasJapan11 February 660 BCTraditional founding date of the imperial dynasty by Emperor Jimmu.22 December 1885On December 22, 1885, "Daijo-kan No. 69" were established, and the Cabinet system was established in place of the Daijo-kan system.15 May 1972 - Return of the Ryukyu Islands to Japan and abolition of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu IslandsAsiaJordan25 May 1946End of the British Mandate for Palestine1 January 1952Constitution of Jordan12 June 2011- The Cabinet of Jordan is made an elected body|26 October 1997 - Signing of the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace, whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah was handed back to JordanAsiaKazakhstan16 December 1991Independence declared from the Soviet Union30 August 1995Constitution of Kazakhstan5 December 1936 - Establishment of the Kazakh SSR|30 March 1993 (disputed) - Baikonur Cosmodrome and surrounding areas leased to RussiaTranscontinental statesKenya12 December 1963Independence from the United KingdomAfricaKiribati12 July 1979Independence from United Kingdom1 October 1975 - Separation of the Gilbert Islands (later Kiribati) and the Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu)Australia/OceaniaKuwait1752Establishment of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait11 November 1962Constitution of Kuwait18 December 1969 - Formal division of Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zoneAsiaKyrgyzstan31 August 1991Independence from the Soviet Union10 June 2010Constitution of Kyrgyzstan introduces parliamentary system5 December 1936 - Establishment of the Kirghiz SSRAsiaLaos22 October 1953Independence from France2 December 1975Lao PDR formedAsiaLatvia7 November 1922Constitution of Latvia enforced4 May 1990Independence (from Soviet Union) reasserted1944 - Abrene district ceded to Russian SFSR (modern Russia)EuropeLebanon23 May 1926Lebanese Republic formed26 November 1941Independence from France declared22 November 1943 - Independence from France recognized|1 September 1920 - France establishes State of Greater Lebanon with current boundariesAfricaLesotho4 October 1966Independence from the United KingdomOn 12 March 1868 area that is now Lesotho placed under British ruleAfricaLiberia26 July 1847Independence from American Colonization SocietyCurrent constitution came into effect in 1984AfricaLibya24 December 1951Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947)4 August 2014House of Representatives takes power.13 February 1984 - Aouzou Strip awarded to ChadAfricaLiechtenstein19 October 1813Dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine16 March 2003The 2003 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum increases the Prince's powers and makes the country an absolute monarchyEuropeLithuania16 February 1918Independence declared from Germany and Russia11 March 1990Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation27 October 1939 and 3 August 1940 - Western part (approximately half) of Vilnius Region ceded to LithuaniaEuropeLuxembourg23 November 1890Separates from union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, becomes Grand Duchy in its own right1945End of German occupation during World War II19 April 1839 - Partition of Luxembourg under the Treaty of LondonEuropeMadagascar14 October 1958The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French CommunityAfricaMalawi6 July 1964Independence from the United KingdomAfricaMalaysia31 August 1957Malayan Independence from the United Kingdom was declared in Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square)16 September 1963Malaysia was formed by the federation of North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya9 August 1965 - Singapore expelled from the Federation of MalaysiaAsiaMaldives26 July 1965Independence from the United Kingdom11 November 1968Declaration of RepublicAsiaMali25 November 1958French Sudan gains autonomy22 September 1960Independence from FranceSenegal secedes from Mali Federation in 1960AfricaMalta21 September 1964Independence from United Kingdom13 December 1974The State of Malta became a republicEuropeMarshall Islands1 May 1979Constitution and local government established21 October 1986Compact of Free Association with the United StatesAustralia/OceaniaMauritania28 November 1960Independence from FranceOn 11 August 1979 Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya (part of Western Sahara)AfricaMauritius12 March 1968Independence from the United KingdomSeparation of Chagos Archipelago in 1965AfricaMexico16 September 1810Independence from Spain declared7 February 1917Constitution of Mexico27 September 1821 - Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire|28 December 1836 - Declaration of Independence recognized by Spain|30 December 1853 - The Gadsden PurchaseAmericasMicronesia3 November 1986Compact of Free Association with the United States10 May 1979Constitution ratified10 May 1979 - Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae unite to form the Federated States of MicronesiaAustralia/OceaniaMoldova27 August 1991Independence from Soviet Union27 August 1997Constitution of Moldova2 September 1990 - Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic declares independence. The government is not recognized by any UN member, but has de facto control over the Transnistria regionEuropeMongolia1206Mongol Empire formed12 February 1992Constitution of Mongolia declares the country a parliamentary democracy.29 December 1911 - Proclamation of Mongolian independence from Manchu's Qing dynastyAsiaMontenegro3 June 2006Declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro.22 October 2007Constitution of MontenegroEuropeMorocco788 ADEnthronement of Idris I in Volubilis18 November 1956Protectorate AbolishedThe Green March was a strategic mass demonstration in November 1975, coordinated by the Moroccan government and military, to force Spain to hand over the disputed, autonomous semi-metropolitan province of Spanish Sahara to MoroccoAfricaMozambique25 June 1975Independence from Portugal27 October 1994Mozambique holds its first multiparty election since the Civil WarAfricaMyanmar4 January 1948Myanmar (Burma) declares independence from the British Empire1 February 2021The SAC with help from the Tatmadaw overthrows the elected government1956 - Signing of border treaty with the People's Republic of ChinaAsiaNamibia21 March 1990Independence from South African rule1 March 1997 - Walvis Bay was integrated into NamibiaAfricaNepal25 September 1768Nepali unification28 May 2008Formation of Republic2 December 1815 - Sugauli Treaty ends the Gurkha WarAsiaNetherlands26 July 1581Plakkaat van Verlatinghe signed, independence from Spain15 December 1954Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands signed24 August 1815 - Adoption of the constitution of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands|16 March 1839 - The United Kingdom of the Netherlands divided under the Treaty of London|5 May 1945 - Surrender of Nazi forces occupying the Netherlands|25 November 1975 - Suriname declares independenceEuropeNew Zealand6 February 1840Treaty of Waitangi where the British Crown established a right to govern from indigenous Māori tribes10 December 1947Full power to amend own constitution17 January 1853 - Self-Government|26 September 1907 - Granted nominal independence (Dominion status)|25 October 1926 - Balfour Declaration of 1926 — Great Britain and the Dominions are "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs"|1 December 1967 - Governor-General becomes a New Zealand appointmentAustralia/OceaniaNicaragua15 September 1821Nicaragua becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America, which declared independence from Spain9 January 1987Constitution of Nicaragua established5 November 1838 - Independence from Federal Republic of Central America|24 July 1850 - Independence recognized by SpainAmericasNiger4 December 1958Autonomy within French Community3 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaNigeria1 October 1960Independence from the United KingdomBiafra re-integrated into Nigeria on 15 January 1970 Northern Cameroons integrated in Nigeria on 1 June 1961AfricaNorth Korea918The Goryeo Dynasty unified the Korean states, the exonym Korea originated from the word Goryeo.25 December 1972The Constitution of North Korea replaced Communism with Juche as North Korea's governing philosophy9 September 1948 - Kim Il-sung declared Premier of North Korea, establishing the still-ruling Kim dynasty. Independence declared from the Soviet Union|12 October 1962 - Signing of the Sino–Korean Border Agreement with the People's Republic of ChinaAsiaNorth Macedonia8 September 1991After a referendum, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia17 November 1991Constitution of North Macedonia2 August 194- Establishment of SR MacedoniaEuropeNorway872King Harald I of Norway unifies the Petty kingdoms of Norway.1814Dissolution of the union between Norway and Denmark and Constitution of Norway7 June 1905 - Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden|8 May 1945 - German occupying forces surrender.EuropeOman26 January 1650Expulsion of the Portuguese10 June 1749Beginning of the Al Said dynasty, current absolute monarchical line of Oman1996 - Basic Law of Oman|8 December 1958 - Gwadar sold to PakistanAsiaPakistan14 August 1947Independence from British India in the Partition14 August 1973Constitution of PakistanAsiaPalau1 January 1981Republic of Palau created upon adoption of constitution1 October 1994Emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States).Australia/OceaniaPalestine15 November 1988Palestinian Declaration of Independence4 May 1994Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area15 June 2007- Hamas takeover of the Gaza StripAsiaPanama3 November 1903Independence from Colombia11 October 1972Constitution of Panama established10 May 1904 - Independence from Spain recognized|31 December 1999 - Sovereignty of Panama Canal Zone transferred to Panama from the United StatesAmericasPapua New Guinea1 December 1973Self-governing territory16 September 1975Independence from AustraliaAustralia/OceaniaParaguay14 May 1811Independence from Spain declared20 June 1992Democratic Constitution of Paraguay10 September 1880 - Independence from Spain recognized|1938 - Paraguay awarded a large portion of the Gran Chaco as a result of the Chaco WarAmericasPeru28 July 1821Independence from Spain declared31 December 1993Constitution of Peru established14 August 1879 - Independence from Spain recognized|26 February 1942 - Rio Protocol ends border dispute with EcuadorAmericasPhilippines12 June 1898The evolving revolutionary movement in the Philippines declares itself independent from the Spanish Empire. Spain regarded this as an expression of continued rebellion30 November 1935The Commonwealth of the Philippines was established through provisions of the Tydings–McDuffie Act10 December 1898 - Spain, still sovereign,[note 9] cedes the Philippines to the United States via the Treaty of Paris|4 July 1946 - The United States recognizes Philippine independence under the provisions of the Treaty of Manila (1946). The 1935 Constitution remained in effect until 1973, when the Marcos regime promulgated a newer one, in turn replaced by the present 1987 Constitution|2012 - In 2012, the United Nations approved a 2009 claim by the Philippines to the Benham RiseAsiaPoland966Adoption of Christianity by the first historically documented Polish ruler Mieszko I4 June 1989The first partially free Parliament's vote after 45-year-long Soviet domination11 November 1918 - Poland regains its independence|15 February 1951- Polish-Soviet border adjustment treatyEuropePortugal5 October 1143Formation of Kingdom of Portugal by Treaty of Zamora signing2 April 1976Constitution of Portugal6 June 1801 - Spain occupies the present day border town of Olivença since the War of the Oranges|20 December 1999 - Portuguese Macau transferred to the People's Republic of China|20 May 2002 - Portuguese Timor, occupied by Indonesia since 1975, officially dissolved to form the independent state of East TimorEuropeQatar18 December 1878Independence from the Ottoman Empire8 September 1971Influence from Britain concluded4 November 2021 - Acquisition of the rest of Khawr al UdaydAsiaRomania24 January 1859Autonomous Principality of Romania founded; becomes kingdom in 1866 and achieved independence 1878 Ottoman Empire22 December 1989Romanian Revolution of 198913 July 1878 - International recognition by the Treaty of Berlin|10 February 1947 - Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern BukovinaEuropeRussia882Formation of the Kievan Rus'25 December 19931993 Russian constitutional referendum replaces the Supreme Soviet with the Federal Assembly and increases presidential power25 December 1991 - After the USSR ceased to exist, the Russian Federation became an independent state and was recognized by the international community as the successor state of the USSR|30 September 2022 (disputed) - Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts by RussiaTranscontinental statesRwanda1 July 1962Independence from BelgiumAfricaSaint Kitts and Nevis27 February 1967Associated state of the United Kingdom19 September 1983Independence from the United Kingdom19 December 1980 - Anguilla separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-AnguillaAmericasSaint Lucia27 February 1967Associated statehood22 February 1979Independence from the United KingdomAmericasSaint Vincent and the Grenadines27 October 1969Associated statehood27 October 1979Independence from the United KingdomAmericasSan Marino3 September 301Independence from Roman Empire1600Constitution of San Marino1463 - Added Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Serravalle, and FaetanoEuropeSaudi Arabia13 January 1902Establishment of the Third Saudi State23 September 1932Regions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and Hejaz unified to become Saudi Arabia4 November 2021 - Fixed border territory with QatarAsiaSenegal20 August 1960Independence from FranceAfricaSerbia7808th century-Creation of the Principality of Serbia in the Southeastern Europe8 June 2006Republic of Serbia declared legal successor to Serbia and Montenegro, ending the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia13 July 1878 - International recognition by the Treaty of Berlin|27 April 1992- Independence from SFR Yugoslavia, forming the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|17 February 2008 (disputed) - The region of Kosovo declared independence unilaterally on 17 February 2008, and is recognized by 97 UN states. Serbia recognizes the government of Kosovo but claims its territory as an Autonomous ProvinceEuropeSeychelles29 June 1976Independence from the United KingdomAfricaSierra Leone27 April 1961Independence from the United KingdomAfricaSingapore3 June 1959Self-government under the United Kingdom9 August 1965Singapore ceased to be a state of MalaysiaAsiaSlovakiaOctober 1918Creation of Czechoslovakia1 January 1993Dissolution of CzechoslovakiaEuropeSlovenia25 June 1991Declaration of independence from Yugoslavia13 December 1991Constitution of Slovenia19 February 1945 - Formation of SR SloveniaEuropeSolomon Islands1 June 1962Independence from New Zealand7 July 1978Independence from the United Kingdom2 January 1976 - Self-government granted by United KingdomAustralia/OceaniaSomalia1 July 1960Union of Trust Territory of Somalia (former Italian Somaliland) and State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland)20 August 2012Federal Government of Somalia establishedSomaliland declares independence, but is not recognized by any UN state (18 May 1991)AfricaSouth Africa31 May 1910Creation of the autonomous Union of South Africa from the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Orange River31 May 1961Republic declared11 December 1931 - Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominion of the Union of South Africa and the UK|4 February 1997 - The post-Apartheid Constitution of South Africa comes into effect|21 March 1990 - South West Africa declares independence, forming Namibia|27 April 1994 - Reincorporation of the nominally independent but unrecognised bantustans into post-apartheid South Africa|AfricaSouth Korea918The Goryeo Dynasty unified the Korean states, the exonym Korea originated from the word Goryeo.29 October 1987Current Sixth Republic of South Korea founded, ending military rule15 August 1948 - First Republic of Korea established, Independence declared from the United States|27 July 1953 - Cease-fire in the Korean War creates the northern border along the Military Demarcation LineAsiaSouth Sudan9 July 20112011 South Sudanese independence from Sudan referendumAfricaSpain1479Dinastical unification of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon by the Catholic Monarchs. The governments, institutions, and legal traditions of each kingdom remained independent of each other; alien laws (Leyes de extranjeria) determined that the national of one kingdom was a foreigner in the other Crowns/States6 December 1978Spanish Constitution1831 - Dissolution of crowns and kingdoms and creation de jure, of the unified Kingdom of Spain26 February 1976 - Spanish Sahara is lost following the Madrid AccordsEuropeSri Lanka4 February 1948Independence from United Kingdom22 May 1972Constitution of Sri Lanka14 February 1815 - The Kandyan Kingdom is annexed by British Ceylon|18 May 2009 - The Sri Lankan government regains control of the whole island following the end of the Sri Lankan Civil WarAsiaSudan1 January 1956Independence from Egyptian and British joint rule15 April 2010First democratic election since the Second Sudanese Civil War9 July 2011 - South Sudan secedes from SudanAfricaSuriname15 December 1954Self-government granted25 November 1975Independence from NetherlandsAmericasSweden970 (Or prior)Eric the Victorious, the first king of Sweden about whom anything definite is known, becomes king1 January 1974Instrument of Government6 June 1523 - Gustav Vasa elected King of Sweden and marking a definite secession from the Kalmar Union|29 March 1809 - Loss of Finland to Imperial RussiaEuropeSwitzerland1291Traditional founding12 November 1848Foundation of the federal state after Sonderbund war7 August 1815 - Restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon BonaparteEuropeSyria28 September 1961End of the United Arab Republic27 February 2012Constitution of Syria8 November 1941 - Lebanon declares independence from the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|10 June 1967 - Israel conquers the Golan Heights from Syria during the Six-day WarAsiaTajikistan9 September 1991Independence from the Soviet Union5 December 1929 - Establishment of the Tajik SSRAsiaTanzania9 December 1961Independence of Tanganyika from the United Kingdom1 July 1991Amendment to Constitution of Tanzania ends status as one-party state26 April 1964 - Merger of Zanzibar with Tanganyika to form TanzaniaAfricaThailand6 November 1767Salvage Independence by King Taksin the Great consist of expulsion of Burmese out of former capital (Through Taksin's reunification of Siam on October-6 November 1767) and Establish a New kingdom together with reunification of Thailand6 April 2017Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 201710 March 1909 - Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909AsiaTogo30 August 1958Autonomy within French Union27 April 1960Independence from FranceAfricaTrinidad and Tobago31 August 1962Independence from the United KingdomAmericasTunisia20 March 1956Independence from France25 July 20222022 Constitution of TunisiaAfricaTurkey1299Formation of the Ottoman Empire24 June 20182017 Turkish constitutional referendum comes into effect; Turkey transitions from a parliamentary republic to a presidential republic29 October 1923 - The provincial government, formed in 1920, declares the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, as the legal successor state to the Ottoman Empire|29 June 1939 - Turkey annexes the once Syrian province of HatayTranscontinental statesTurkmenistan27 October 1991Independence from the Soviet Union28 September 2008Constitution of Turkmenistan7 August 1921 - Establishment of the Turkmen SSRAsiaUganda1 March 1962Self-government granted9 October 1962Independence from the United KingdomAfricaUkraine882Formation of the Kievan Rus'24 August 1991Independence of former Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from Soviet Union declared22 January 1918 - Ukraine declares independence as the Ukrainian People's Republic|30 September 2022 (disputed) - Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts by RussiaEuropeUnited Arab Emirates2 December 1971End of treaty relationship with the United Kingdom11 February 1972 - Ras al-Khaimah joins the UAEAsiaUnited Kingdom927Kingdom of England8 December 1922The Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922, however Northern Ireland opted to exclude itself from the Irish Free State two days later creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland843 - Kingdom of Scotland|1057 then 1165 - Kingdom of Wales then Principality of Wales|1171 then 1542 - Lordship of Ireland then Kingdom of Ireland|1 May 1707 - Kingdom of Great Britain (United the parliaments of Scotland and England)|1 January 1801 - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (United the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland)|December 1922 - Irish Free State secedes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922EuropeUnited States4 July 1776Independence from Great Britain declared4 March 1789United States Constitution enters into force, replacing the previous Articles of Confederation and creating a new system of government3 September 1783 - Independence from Great Britain recognized|7 September 1981 - The United States cedes Serrana Bank and Roncador Bank to the Republic of Colombia as a result of a treaty signed in 1972AmericasUruguay25 August 1825Independence from Empire of Brazil declared, joined in union with United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (current Argentina)8 December 19961996 Uruguayan constitutional referendum27 August 1828 - Treaty of Montevideo signed, recognizing Uruguay's independence by Brazil|19 July 1870 - Independence recognized by SpainAmericasUzbekistan31 August 1991Independence from the Soviet Union declared24 October 1924 - Establishment of the Uzbek SSRAsiaVanuatu30 July 1980Independence from joint British-French condominiumAustralia/OceaniaVatican City1274Birth of current form of government the Papal conclave in 12747 June 1929Ratification of the Lateran Treaty, making the Vatican City a sovereign state11 February 1929 - Signing of the Lateran TreatyEuropeVenezuela19 April 181020 December 1999New Constitution of Venezuela establishes the Bolivarian Fifth RepublicAmericasVietnam2 September 1945Withdrawal of the Japanese after World War II1 January 2014Current Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam31 December 1959 - North Vietnam declared a socialist republic|2 July 1976 - Reunification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam as Socialist Republic of VietnamAsiaYemen1 November 1918North Yemen independence from the Ottoman Empire22 May 1990Unification of North Yemen and South Yemen30 November 1967 - South Yemen independence from the United Kingdom|21 September 2014 - Houthis seized control of the bulk of the former North Yemen territory and its capital Sana'a|26 April 2020 - Southern Transitional Council declares self-governance of Socotra and some areas controlled by the former PDR YemenAsiaZambia24 October 1964Independence from the United KingdomAfricaZimbabwe11 November 1965Unilateral declaration of independence by Southern Rhodesia18 April 1980Recognized independence from the United Kingdom as Zimbabwe22 December 1987 - revises the Constitution of Zimbabwe to create an executive presidencyAfrica