How Insurance Companies Make Money | The Motley Fool (2024)

Insurance companies make money in two main ways: Charging premiums to the insured and investing the insurance premium payments. Sounds simple, right? It both is and isn't.

How Insurance Companies Make Money | The Motley Fool (1)

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The concepts behind how insurers generate their big bucks are straightforward. But the details of how they make money can be more involved. Here's what you need to know.

How insurance companies make money

There are several types of insurance:

  • Health insurance pays for part or all of individuals' medical costs.
  • Life insurance provides money to one or more designated beneficiaries when the insured person dies.
  • Property and casualty insurance pays for damage to cars, homes, and business properties.
  • Specialty insurance covers types of risks that other insurers don't cover and is also known as excess and surplus (E&S) insurance.
  • Reinsurance provides insurance for insurance companies to cover losses above certain amounts.

Companies that provide any of these types of insurance make money in the same two ways:

1. Underwriting

Every insurer makes a significant portion of its revenue by underwriting, which is basically charging a fee (called a premium) for taking on financial risk.

Insurers employ actuaries who use statistics and mathematical models to evaluate the financial risks involved in insuring different scenarios. Once the financial risks are assessed, specific insurance plans can be created and premiums set for each type of insurance plan.

For example, actuaries for a property and casualty insurance company consider the probabilities of natural disasters in determining how much money in premiums that homeowners in different geographical regions should pay. Actuaries for life insurance companies might use age, sex, and medical histories to calculate estimated life expectancies to determine how much different customers should pay in premiums.

When a person enrolls in an insurance plan, he or she agrees to pay a set premium to the insurer in exchange for the insurer taking on a certain level of risk. With many insurance plans, the amount of liability that remains the responsibility of the individual is called the deductible amount. Your auto insurer, for example, might require you to pay the first $1,000 of any damage costs before the insurance company is willing to pay anything.

2. Investment income

All of that money in premiums generates a lot of money for insurance companies. The companies don't have to pay out any money until or unless an insurance claim is submitted, such as a claim for a hospital visit or damage to a home during a tornado.

What do insurers do with the often huge sums of cash generated by premium payments? The companies put some aside in reserve to ensure that they'll have enough to pay all claims anticipated over the near term. But then they invest the rest of the money.

Investment income tends to be a lot smaller than underwriting revenue. Many insurers invest relatively conservatively, perhaps by investing in bonds or stable blue chip stocks. However, insurance companies can still significantly pad their top and bottom lines through their investments.

Investing in insurance companies

There are two primary reasons why you might want to consider investing in insurance stocks. First, insurance companies can deliver solid long-term returns. Second, the business models of insurers tend to make them resilient during economic downturns.

Of course, some insurance companies are better than others on both of these fronts. Health insurance giant UnitedHealth Group (NYSE:UNH), for example, has handily outperformed specialty insurer Markel (NYSE:MKL) over the past 10 years. Markel also fell much more than UnitedHealth Group did during the market contraction caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Insurance stocks are usually seen as good picks for conservative investors. However, even aggressive growth investors might like certain insurance stocks. Trupanion (NASDAQ:TRUP) especially stands out as a potential choice for growth investors. The company provides medical insurance for cats and dogs. Its stock skyrocketed as the North American pet medical insurance market took off (though like many other growth stocks, has dropped in 2022).

Related insurance topics

Keith Speights has positions in Trupanion. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Markel and Trupanion. The Motley Fool recommends UnitedHealth Group. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

How Insurance Companies Make Money | The Motley Fool (2024)

FAQs

How Insurance Companies Make Money | The Motley Fool? ›

Most insurance companies generate revenue in two ways: Charging premiums in exchange for insurance coverage, then reinvesting those premiums into other interest-generating assets. Like all private businesses, insurance companies try to market effectively and minimize administrative costs.

How do insurance companies make most of their money? ›

Most insurance companies generate revenue in two ways: Charging premiums in exchange for insurance coverage, then reinvesting those premiums into other interest-generating assets. Like all private businesses, insurance companies try to market effectively and minimize administrative costs.

How do insurance companies make money on life insurance? ›

Life insurance companies make money by charging you premiums and investing some of the money they collect.
...
How does a life insurance company make money?
  1. Charging premiums. ...
  2. Investing premiums you paid. ...
  3. Gaining from cash value investing. ...
  4. Benefiting from policy lapses and expirations.
Apr 17, 2023

How do life insurance companies make money if everyone dies? ›

How do life insurance companies make so much money? Insurance companies bring in money by charging insurance coverage premiums, then utilizing those funds to invest in other profitable investments.

Where do insurance companies invest their money? ›

Debt securities: bonds, notes, and redeemable preferred stock. Equity securities: common stock, mutual fund shares, and non-redeemable preferred stock. Short-term investments: commercial paper, certificates of deposit, mutual funds, and money market funds. Securities lending and repurchase agreements (repos)

Can selling insurance make you a millionaire? ›

Is It Possible To Become A Millionaire Selling Insurance? A big yes. But like any other job, it takes time to be good at what you do and attain such income levels. Top agents earn anywhere between $100,000 to one million dollars.

How much do insurance companies make per policy? ›

Insurance agent commission rates

On average: Home and car captive agents typically receive a 5 to 10% commission on the first year's premium, while independent agents average 15%. Life and health insurance agents make most of their money in the first-year premium.

Do insurance companies typically make a profit? ›

The main way that an insurance company makes a profit is by ensuring the premiums received are greater than any claims made against the policy. This is known as the underwriting profit. Insurance companies also generate additional investment income by investing in the premiums received.

Do you actually make money selling life insurance? ›

You can make a good living selling life insurance, especially if you continue to earn commissions on policies you have already sold. However, it is not an easy career, as it requires constantly working to find leads, build relationships, and make sales.

Do life insurance companies really pay out? ›

Generally, yes. Most life insurance policies pay out the full face value of the policy to the beneficiary upon the policyholder's death. However, there are some instances where the beneficiary may only receive a partial payout.

How do rich people use life insurance to make money? ›

Wealthy individuals with a net worth over $1 million can use life insurance as income replacement, an investment vehicle, or protection against estate taxes.

Do rich people put money in life insurance? ›

Life insurance is a popular way for the wealthy to maximize their after-tax estate and have more money to pass on to heirs. A life insurance policy can be used as an investment tool or simply provide added financial reassurance.

What percentage of life insurance never pays out? ›

Because policyholders can outlive their policies, there's a chance that the death benefit will never be paid out. In fact, a study done by Penn State University indicates that 99 percent of all term policies never pay out a death benefit.

What is the most profitable insurance to sell? ›

While there are many kinds of insurance (ranging from auto insurance to health insurance), the most lucrative career in the insurance field is for those selling life insurance.

What is the richest insurance company? ›

UnitedHealth Group

Does life insurance count as an asset? ›

The death benefit of a life insurance policy is not considered an asset, but some policies have a cash value, which is considered an asset. Only permanent life insurance policies, like whole life, can grow cash value.

Is selling insurance a side hustle? ›

Side hustlers start off selling home and auto insurance and can be trained and certified in other lines, such as commercial, life and health insurance. And they can do it wherever (they are licensed) and whenever they choose — part of Levi's pitch.

Is selling insurance stressful? ›

CareerCast ranked being an insurance agent 155th out of 200 on the worst jobs list. They rank the stress as “average,” whatever that means. A good income makes up for a lot of stress for many people, so that helps.

Is it hard to make money as an insurance agent? ›

It is not easy to make a living in insurance, but it is not as hard as you might think. As with any type of sales, becoming an insurance agent can be one of the best paying hard jobs or a terrible paying easy job. Dedicated agents will become successful at insurance sales, just like at any other job.

Can you make 6 figures in insurance? ›

Even with inflation, “6 Figure Incomes” are still a milestone for many insurance agents. Similarly, making it into the “1%” of earners is also a goal of many brokers. Let's take a look at both of these milestones and how they relate to success today.

What is the average profit margin for insurance companies? ›

Taking these factors into consideration, most insurance agency owners operate with an average profit margin between 2 percent and 10 percent.

What percentage of insurance premiums go to the agent? ›

Most commissions are 2% to 8% of premiums, depending on state regulations. Brokers sell all insurance types, including health insurance, homeowners insurance, accident insurance, life insurance, and annuities.

Is selling insurance a profitable business? ›

Job Security

In our opinion, it doesn't hurt that insurance is a lucrative business. You can gain commissions on the plans that you sell, so it's entirely up to you how much you want to hustle. You can also make more money with consistent renewals, so it pays in the long run to have loyal clients.

Who profits the most in US healthcare? ›

The nation's largest insurers, UnitedHealth Group and Elevance Health, reported profits that were 28 percent and 7 percent higher than the same period last year, respectively. UnitedHealth raked in $5.3 billion, while Elevance took in $1.6 billion.

Is it good to invest in insurance companies? ›

Investing in Insurance Stocks. Insurance stocks can make a great addition to any investor's stock portfolio. Not only does the insurance business have the potential to produce excellent long-term returns, but it's also a business that works in good times and bad.

Is selling your life insurance smart? ›

Selling your life insurance policy may only be a smart move in certain financial situations. If you can no longer afford to pay your life insurance premium, selling the policy can relieve the burden of a monthly payment and will put at least some of that money back into your pocket.

Is it hard to make money selling life insurance? ›

Selling life insurance is part of the financial services industry, which has a track record of generating more millionaires than any other industry. One of the reasons that selling life insurance is so lucrative is your ability to make ongoing, residual income.

Why do life insurance agents make so much money? ›

Many life insurance agents receive sales commissions for the products or services they sell. Agents will receive a large upfront commission based on the cost of the first year's policy premium. The upfront commission can be a substantial percentage of the first year's policy cost.

Why wouldn't life insurance pay out? ›

The most common reason life insurance doesn't payout is that the policyholder outlives their term life insurance policy. This type of insurance protects you for a fixed number of years. If you don't die within the term, your insurer won't payout.

What age group buys the most life insurance? ›

What age group buys the most life insurance? Young adults aged 18 to 34 are the most likely to buy life insurance, followed by 35- to 44-year-olds. This may be because young adults are starting families and want to ensure their loved ones are cared for financially if they die prematurely.

Is life insurance always worth it? ›

Whether life insurance is a smart investment for you may depend on what you want a policy to do for you. If you just want peace of mind that your loved ones will be financially secure if you pass away and they lose your income, term life insurance is probably worth it—even if you outlive the policy.

Where do millionaires keep their money insured? ›

Millionaires don't worry about FDIC insurance. Their money is held in their name and not the name of the custodial private bank. Other millionaires have safe deposit boxes full of cash denominated in many different currencies.

How do billionaires keep their money insured? ›

There are limits to the amount of money that is insured for each depositor at a bank — up to $250,000 per depositor with the FDIC — so the super wealthy often spread out their accounts over multiple banks.

How do the rich avoid taxes with life insurance? ›

Avoiding The Estate Tax

To avoid this loophole, the estate owner would need to have either a will or trust in place and leave you as the beneficiary. Then other assets would be liquidated to cover the costs of the estate taxes and you would receive the full life insurance proceeds tax-free.

Does Bill Gates have life insurance? ›

6- You might not need life insurance.

What type of person needs no life insurance? If you're independently wealthy with no debt to speak of, you're self-insured. Bill Gates, for example, doesn't need life insurance. He has so much money that his heirs will have no need to replace his income or worry about burial costs.

What is the cash value of a 250 000 life insurance policy? ›

In a universal life policy, it may reduce the death benefit on a dollar-for-dollar basis. For example, if you have a $250,000 policy and withdraw $25,000, your beneficiaries will only receive a $225,000 death benefit from your policy.

Is whole life better than 401k? ›

What's the best way to save for retirement? A 401(k) is always a better choice than a life insurance policy. Even if you would benefit from a LIRP, you should maximize contributions to your 401(k) and other retirement accounts before investing in life insurance alternatives.

Can you cash out life insurance without dying? ›

There are three ways that you can cash out your life insurance policy while you're still alive: Tap into the cash value through loans, withdrawals, or surrender. Apply for living benefits. Life settlements.

What age does life insurance not pay? ›

The age 100 maturity date means the policy expires and coverage ends when the insured person turns 100. One possible result is that the policyholder (and their heirs) get nothing, despite decades of paying into the policy.

How many Americans are without life insurance? ›

According to results from a Forbes Advisor survey on life insurance, at least three in four American adults have some form of life insurance. Women (22%) are twice as likely as men (11%) to lack life insurance.

What is the #1 insurance in America? ›

Progressive is the largest car insurance company in the country and was established in 1937. The company offers the ability to buy auto insurance in person, online or by phone.

What are the top 3 insurance industry in the US? ›

Here, we examine the top 10 largest insurance companies by market cap, market share, and revenues.
...
Property & Casualty.
CompanyNet Premiums Written
Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A)$46.4 billion
Progressive Insurance Group (PGR)$41.7 billion
Allstate Insurance Group (ALL)$39.2 billion
Liberty Mutual$36.2 billion
6 more rows

Who is the largest insurer in the USA? ›

Who are the largest property and casualty insurance companies? State Farm is the largest property and casualty insurance in the United States, with more than $70 billion in premiums in 2021.

Is life insurance an asset in divorce? ›

For instance, if you have a whole life or universal life insurance policy with a cash account, it is typically treated as an asset of the marriage. On the other hand, term life insurance policies don't have cash value and usually aren't counted as marital assets in divorce settlements.

How liquid is cash value of life insurance? ›

The death benefit of a life insurance policy is considered a liquid asset to the beneficiaries who successfully claim it. Once claimed, the payout is cash that can be used for any purpose. It's no longer tied up in the policy, making it even more liquid than when the insured was still alive.

Does life insurance affect Social Security survivor benefits? ›

A life insurance payout won't typically impact your benefits if you're collecting Social Security due to retirement. However, if you have a disability and use the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, life insurance can affect your Social Security benefit.

Why do insurance companies make large profits? ›

The main way that an insurance company makes a profit is by ensuring the premiums received are greater than any claims made against the policy. This is known as the underwriting profit. Insurance companies also generate additional investment income by investing in the premiums received.

What type of insurance company is most profitable? ›

It should not come as a big surprise that auto insurance is the best selling and most profitable insurance product. You probably know that there are a huge number of car owners in the country with the numbers increasing each day.

What percent profit do insurance companies make? ›

Taking these factors into consideration, most insurance agency owners operate with an average profit margin between 2 percent and 10 percent.

What type of insurance makes the most money? ›

Overview of the Insurance Field

While there are many kinds of insurance (ranging from auto insurance to health insurance), the most lucrative career in the insurance field is for those selling life insurance.

Why do insurance companies keep raising prices? ›

Auto accidents and traffic violations are common explanations for an insurance rate increasing, but there are other reasons why car insurance premiums go up including an address change, new vehicle, and claims in your zip code.

Why do people who sell life insurance make so much money? ›

First, life insurance sales jobs are abundant and easy to find. Second, commission percentages are very high compared to other insurance sales, such as health insurance. Best of all, life insurance agents get paid commission renewals for as long as a sold policy is in force. This creates a passive income stream.

Why insure something for more than its worth? ›

Insuring Your Home for Higher Than Market Value

Insuring your home when the replacement cost is higher than the market value is a smart idea. Insuring it for the replacement cost guarantees that you will be covered if your house is damaged and needs to be rebuilt.

What is the richest insurance company in the United States? ›

Who are the largest property and casualty insurance companies? State Farm is the largest property and casualty insurance in the United States, with more than $70 billion in premiums in 2021.

What is the fastest growing insurance type? ›

Health insurance continued to be the fastest-growing segment: it achieved 6.9 and 5.9 percent growth in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and made up about 26 percent of global insurance premiums in 2019.

What is the average turnover for the insurance industry? ›

In the past 10-years, most insurance companies operated with roughly an 8-9% staff turnover rate – including voluntary and involuntary exits – whereas now, it's more typical for companies to operate in the 12-15% range, with voluntary turnover spiking at more significant levels, Reider explained.

Do auto insurance companies make huge profits? ›

A separate analysis conducted by the non-profit consumer group Consumer Watchdog found that insurers earned excess profits of about $5.5 billion in California alone.

What insurance companies do rich people use? ›

There are several insurance carriers that offer comprehensive auto insurance coverage for high net worth individuals. Among the best include AIG Insurance, ACE Group, and The Chubb Group. Some of the benefits these carriers offer wealthy people include: Rental car coverage worldwide.

Which person has highest insurance? ›

10 expensively insured body parts
  • Keith Richard's hands - $1.6 million. ...
  • Ilja Gort's nose - $5.58 million. ...
  • Gennaro Pelliccia's taste buds - $13.3 million. ...
  • David Beckham's legs (and face) - $195 million. ...
  • Cristiano Ronaldo's legs - $144 million. ...
  • Bruce Springsteen's voice - £3.5 million. ...
  • Holly Madison's chest - $1 million.
Sep 9, 2016

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