How Does a Motion Detector Work? | SafeWise (2024)

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May 01, 2023

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Motion detectors are essential home security system components that alert you if someone is prowling in or around your home. Though there are a few different types of motion detectors, most rely on similar technologies to detect intruders: they pick up on tiny changes—in things like temperature, vibration, or radiation—in the spaces they cover.

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How do motion sensors work?

There are several types of motion sensor technology—active ultrasonic and passive infrared (PIR) are two popular options, though microwave, tomographic, and dual-technology detectors also get some market share.

An active ultrasonic motion detector emits ultrasonic sound waves that reflect off objects and bounce back to the original emission point. When a moving object disrupts the waves, the sensor triggers and completes the desired action, whether this is switching on a light or sounding an alarm.

Motion detection cameras, lights, and sensors used in home security systems generally rely on PIR sensors. These detect infrared energy, which humans and animals release as heat. If the motion sensor detects an increase in infrared energy, meaning someone has approached the sensor or walked within its range, it notifies the home security control panel and an alarm sounds.

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PIR sensors can be set to ignore small changes in infrared energy, so they won’t trigger an alarm if the family cat or dog walks by or if the household temperature fluctuates slightly.

Some other sensors use microwave or tomographic technologies, both of which emit waves of radiation—microwave and electromagnetic, respectively. When someone or something disrupts the radiation waves, the sensor sounds an alarm.

Dual-technology detectors are, as their name implies, sensors that rely on two different motion-detecting technologies to watch for movement. These are a bit more impervious to false alarms, as both technologies have to be tripped for the alarm to sound.

Examples of motion detectors

Several types of security devices use motion sensors:

You can use motion sensors to automatically turn on a light when someone approaches your home, sound an alarm when movement is detected in your living room, or trigger a motion sensor camera to start recording when someone enters your home.

Installing motion detectors

As motion sensors have a limited range—anywhere from 50 to 80 feet—you’ll want to place several around your home, especially in areas where people frequently walk, such as hallways, staircases, living rooms, and bedrooms. As a motion sensor may have a harder time detecting someone walking directly toward it, it’s better to place the device alongside a hallway where a burglar would walk parallel to it.

When deciding where to place each motion sensor, make sure they are at least 10 feet away from bright windows, radiators, and heating vents, as abrupt changes in temperature or HVAC-related airflow may trigger false alarms.

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Cathy Habas

With over eight years of experience as a content writer, Cathy has a knack for untangling complex information. Her natural curiosity and ability to empathize help Cathy offer insightful, friendly advice. She believes in empowering readers who may not feel confident about a purchase, project, or topic. Cathy earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Indiana University Southeast and began her professional writing career immediately after graduation. She is a certified Safe Sleep Ambassador and has contributed to sites like Safety.com, Reviews.com, Hunker, and Thumbtack. Cathy’s pride and joy is her Appaloosa “Chacos.” She also likes to crochet while watching stand-up comedy specials on Netflix.

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As a seasoned expert in home security systems and technology, my extensive experience allows me to provide comprehensive insights into the concepts discussed in the article. I have spent years testing and evaluating various security products, gaining firsthand knowledge to help readers make informed decisions about their home safety. Let's delve into the key concepts presented in the article:

Motion Detectors in Home Security

1. Types of Motion Sensors:

  • Active Ultrasonic Technology: Emits ultrasonic waves reflected off objects; triggers when disrupted.
  • Passive Infrared (PIR) Technology: Detects infrared energy (heat) emitted by humans and animals; triggers when an increase is detected.
  • Other Technologies: Microwave, tomographic, and dual-technology detectors also play a role.

2. Active Ultrasonic Motion Detectors:

  • Emit ultrasonic sound waves that bounce off objects.
  • Triggered when a moving object disrupts the emitted waves.
  • Commonly used for actions like switching on lights or sounding alarms.

3. Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Detectors:

  • Detect infrared energy emitted as heat by humans and animals.
  • Trigger an alarm when an increase in infrared energy is detected.
  • Can be configured to ignore small changes, preventing false alarms.

4. Microwave and Tomographic Technologies:

  • Emit waves of radiation (microwave and electromagnetic, respectively).
  • Trigger alarms when someone or something disrupts the radiation waves.

5. Dual-Technology Detectors:

  • Utilize two different motion-detecting technologies.
  • Require both technologies to be triggered for the alarm to sound.
  • Offer increased resistance to false alarms.

Examples of Motion Detectors:

  • Driveway Alarms
  • Motion-Activated Lights
  • Motion Sensor Cameras: Including doorbell cameras and floodlight cameras
  • Pet-Immune Indoor Motion Sensors
  • Floating Motion Sensors for Pool Safety
  • Some Medical Alert Systems

Installing Motion Detectors:

  • Consider Range: Motion sensors typically have a range of 50 to 80 feet.
  • Placement: Install in areas with frequent movement, such as hallways, staircases, living rooms, and bedrooms.
  • Avoid False Alarms: Place sensors at least 10 feet away from windows, radiators, and heating vents to prevent false alarms triggered by temperature changes.

Conclusion:

Motion detectors play a crucial role in home security, alerting homeowners to potential intruders or movements. Understanding the various technologies and proper installation practices enhances the effectiveness of these devices. Whether it's safeguarding against burglaries or ensuring the safety of family members, motion detectors are versatile components in a comprehensive home security system. If you're considering a security system, the article also provides a comparison of the best home security systems, considering factors like installation, cost, and smart home compatibility.

How Does a Motion Detector Work? | SafeWise (2024)

FAQs

How Does a Motion Detector Work? | SafeWise? ›

Ultrasonic motion sensors measure the reflections off of moving objects via pulses of ultrasonic waves. Vibration motion sensors detect small vibrations that people cause when they move through a room. While you can buy them, they're easy to make at home too.

How do motion detectors detect? ›

These detect infrared energy, which humans and animals release as heat. If the motion sensor detects an increase in infrared energy, meaning someone has approached the sensor or walked within its range, it notifies the home security control panel and an alarm sounds.

What would set off a motion detector? ›

Motion detectors are sensitive to the slightest movements and can easily cause a false alarm. Some things that can cause a motion detector to set off a false alarm include: Balloons or other decorations. Pets.

What is the difference between motion sensor and motion detector? ›

A motion sensor, or motion detector, is an electronic device that uses a sensor to detect nearby people or objects. Motion sensors are an important component of any security system. When a sensor detects motion, it will send an alert to your security system, and with newer systems, right to your mobile phone.

What are the three types of motion detectors? ›

There are three main types of motion detectors, each playing a role in different security or safety situations. These three categories are active, passive infrared (PIR), and combined.

How do motion detectors work at night? ›

They inject energy (light, microwaves or sound) into the environment in order to detect a change of some sort. The "motion sensing" feature on most lights (and security systems) is a passive system that detects infrared energy.

Do motion sensors record you? ›

For instance, you can configure a motion sensor to trigger a light or alarm. Nothing frightens burglars away quite like flashing lights and sirens. In addition, you can set your detectors to trigger video feeds and recordings so you can see exactly who's creeping about in your living room.

Can a shadow set off a motion detector? ›

Because motion detectors sense patterns of light and shadows to determine whether there's movement in the area it's covering, it makes sense that those same changing light patterns could be enough to set off the motion detector and the other devices it's connected to.

How accurate is a motion detector? ›

In general, modern motion sensors are quite accurate and reliable, and can detect motion from a distance of several meters. They work by detecting changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects in their field of view, which means they can detect both people and animals.

Can a bug set off a motion detector? ›

Insects and small animals set off PIR motion detectors because they emit the infrared (IR) energy needed to activate the devices. If an insect or small animal gets close enough to the sensor, then they will be able to activate it. Some motions have bug guards to prevent this from happening.

What are the disadvantages of motion detectors? ›

Cons
  • Historically, they have more false positives than other sensor types.
  • They are only active in intervals.
  • Pets can trigger an alarm if not configured correctly.

What are the disadvantages of motion detection? ›

What are the disadvantages of motion detection? Motion detection is impaired outside due to weather elements. Rain and wind can set off motion detection.

What are the two types of motion detectors? ›

Motion sensors come in two basic types: active and passive. A motion detector that is considered passive, like a PIR motion sensor, does not emit any kind of pulse or energy. Instead, passive sensors monitor the area looking for changes in heat and vibrations.

Can a flashlight set off a motion detector? ›

Yes, light can indeed trigger a motion sensor. However, it's not just any light that can set off a motion sensor.

What is the best sensor to detect movement? ›

The most common motion sensor for businesses is the Passive Infrared sensor, prized for its reliability and cost-effectiveness. PIR sensors are renowned for their reliability in detecting motion accurately.

How do you trick a motion sensor to stay on? ›

One of the quick tricks you can try is to quickly turn the motion sensor ON, OFF, ON to override the motion detection and make the light stay on. To go back to motion detection mode, turn the motion sensor off, wait for about 10 seconds, and then turn it on again.

What triggers a motion sensor camera? ›

Many factors can activate the motion sensors, including human movements, animals, moving objects, changes in temperature, etc. For example, When a person enters the sensor's field of view and moves, the sensor can be triggered.

Do motion sensors have cameras on them? ›

Is motion sensor a camera? No, a motion sensor is not a camera, but it is sometimes used in cameras. A motion sensor is any kind of technology that detects motion. This is done by either reading heat signatures (via infrared) or by bouncing microwaves off of a space and measuring the distances of the reflections.

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