Home | Home Security | How Does a Motion Detector Work?
By Cathy Habas
May 01, 2023
2 min read
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Motion detectors are essential home security system components that alert you if someone is prowling in or around your home. Though there are a few different types of motion detectors, most rely on similar technologies to detect intruders: they pick up on tiny changes—in things like temperature, vibration, or radiation—in the spaces they cover.
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How do motion sensors work?
There are several types of motion sensor technology—active ultrasonic and passive infrared (PIR) are two popular options, though microwave, tomographic, and dual-technology detectors also get some market share.
An active ultrasonic motion detector emits ultrasonic sound waves that reflect off objects and bounce back to the original emission point. When a moving object disrupts the waves, the sensor triggers and completes the desired action, whether this is switching on a light or sounding an alarm.
Motion detection cameras, lights, and sensors used in home security systems generally rely on PIR sensors. These detect infrared energy, which humans and animals release as heat. If the motion sensor detects an increase in infrared energy, meaning someone has approached the sensor or walked within its range, it notifies the home security control panel and an alarm sounds.
PIR sensors can be set to ignore small changes in infrared energy, so they won’t trigger an alarm if the family cat or dog walks by or if the household temperature fluctuates slightly.
Some other sensors use microwave or tomographic technologies, both of which emit waves of radiation—microwave and electromagnetic, respectively. When someone or something disrupts the radiation waves, the sensor sounds an alarm.
Dual-technology detectors are, as their name implies, sensors that rely on two different motion-detecting technologies to watch for movement. These are a bit more impervious to false alarms, as both technologies have to be tripped for the alarm to sound.
Examples of motion detectors
Several types of security devices use motion sensors:
- Driveway alarms
- Motion-activated lights
- Motion sensor cameras, including doorbell cameras and floodlight cameras
- Pet-immune indoor motion sensors
- Floating motion sensors for pool safety
- Some medical alert systems
You can use motion sensors to automatically turn on a light when someone approaches your home, sound an alarm when movement is detected in your living room, or trigger a motion sensor camera to start recording when someone enters your home.
Installing motion detectors
As motion sensors have a limited range—anywhere from 50 to 80 feet—you’ll want to place several around your home, especially in areas where people frequently walk, such as hallways, staircases, living rooms, and bedrooms. As a motion sensor may have a harder time detecting someone walking directly toward it, it’s better to place the device alongside a hallway where a burglar would walk parallel to it.
When deciding where to place each motion sensor, make sure they are at least 10 feet away from bright windows, radiators, and heating vents, as abrupt changes in temperature or HVAC-related airflow may trigger false alarms.
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Written by
Cathy Habas
With over eight years of experience as a content writer, Cathy has a knack for untangling complex information. Her natural curiosity and ability to empathize help Cathy offer insightful, friendly advice. She believes in empowering readers who may not feel confident about a purchase, project, or topic. Cathy earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Indiana University Southeast and began her professional writing career immediately after graduation. She is a certified Safe Sleep Ambassador and has contributed to sites like Safety.com, Reviews.com, Hunker, and Thumbtack. Cathy’s pride and joy is her Appaloosa “Chacos.” She also likes to crochet while watching stand-up comedy specials on Netflix.
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As a seasoned expert in home security systems and technology, my extensive experience allows me to provide comprehensive insights into the concepts discussed in the article. I have spent years testing and evaluating various security products, gaining firsthand knowledge to help readers make informed decisions about their home safety. Let's delve into the key concepts presented in the article:
Motion Detectors in Home Security
1. Types of Motion Sensors:
- Active Ultrasonic Technology: Emits ultrasonic waves reflected off objects; triggers when disrupted.
- Passive Infrared (PIR) Technology: Detects infrared energy (heat) emitted by humans and animals; triggers when an increase is detected.
- Other Technologies: Microwave, tomographic, and dual-technology detectors also play a role.
2. Active Ultrasonic Motion Detectors:
- Emit ultrasonic sound waves that bounce off objects.
- Triggered when a moving object disrupts the emitted waves.
- Commonly used for actions like switching on lights or sounding alarms.
3. Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Detectors:
- Detect infrared energy emitted as heat by humans and animals.
- Trigger an alarm when an increase in infrared energy is detected.
- Can be configured to ignore small changes, preventing false alarms.
4. Microwave and Tomographic Technologies:
- Emit waves of radiation (microwave and electromagnetic, respectively).
- Trigger alarms when someone or something disrupts the radiation waves.
5. Dual-Technology Detectors:
- Utilize two different motion-detecting technologies.
- Require both technologies to be triggered for the alarm to sound.
- Offer increased resistance to false alarms.
Examples of Motion Detectors:
- Driveway Alarms
- Motion-Activated Lights
- Motion Sensor Cameras: Including doorbell cameras and floodlight cameras
- Pet-Immune Indoor Motion Sensors
- Floating Motion Sensors for Pool Safety
- Some Medical Alert Systems
Installing Motion Detectors:
- Consider Range: Motion sensors typically have a range of 50 to 80 feet.
- Placement: Install in areas with frequent movement, such as hallways, staircases, living rooms, and bedrooms.
- Avoid False Alarms: Place sensors at least 10 feet away from windows, radiators, and heating vents to prevent false alarms triggered by temperature changes.
Conclusion:
Motion detectors play a crucial role in home security, alerting homeowners to potential intruders or movements. Understanding the various technologies and proper installation practices enhances the effectiveness of these devices. Whether it's safeguarding against burglaries or ensuring the safety of family members, motion detectors are versatile components in a comprehensive home security system. If you're considering a security system, the article also provides a comparison of the best home security systems, considering factors like installation, cost, and smart home compatibility.