How Bedroom CO2 Levels Impact Restful Sleep (2024)

When we think of carbon dioxide levels, most of us think of burning fossil fuels or climate change, yet, elevated indoor levels of carbon dioxide are also concerning due to the effects on the human brain and overall health. Unfortunately, many schools, cars, gyms, offices, meeting rooms, and bedrooms have concerning levels of carbon dioxide that impact our cognitive and decision-making abilities.

Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is created from metabolic activity. People and animals exhale carbon dioxide. Thus, overcrowded spaces without ventilation can contain very high levels. Carbon dioxide is also plentiful in the atmosphere, and typical outdoor levels are around 400 ppm. Levels often rise in occupied, confined spaces and are related to tight constructions without ample ventilation. High carbon dioxide levels can also be an indication that other indoor pollutant levels are also elevated because it indicates that a building is not properly ventilated.

The Effects of CO2 on the Brain

Closed, poorly ventilated spaces often have carbon dioxide levels greater than 1000 parts per million. Headaches, impaired mental function, lethargy, and even reduced school attendance have all been linked to high carbon dioxide concentrations that many people are exposed to in their daily lives for hours at a time.

A study of working professionals (Allenet al.2015) found diminished workplace performance by working professionals, with a 15 and 50 percent reduction in decision-making performance at 945 ppm and 1,400 ppm, over the 550 ppm control group. Cognitive function decreased by an average of 21 percent with a 400 ppm increase in carbon dioxide. Such a significant reduction in workplace performance can also impact profitability, thus impacting the bottom line for businesses. Unfortunately, many schools, building managers, landlords, and homeowners are unaware of this issue and therefore don’t take corrective action to improve indoor air quality.

High Indoor Levels of Carbon Dioxide

Unventilated bedrooms often have high concentrations of carbon dioxide, especially when there is more than one occupant using the room. Typically, carbon dioxide levels rise during the night when people are sleeping, especially if the door and windows are closed. The concentrations then fall during the day if the room is unoccupied. Unfortunately, poor air quality can hinder restful sleep and optimum health in many homes.

Studies also show that classrooms and offices often have elevated carbon dioxide levels that sometimes exceed 2,000 or even 3,000 ppm. Prolonged exposure, especially in unventilated spaces, is especially concerning given that high cognitive function is especially important in school and workplace settings.

Fresh Air Solutions

Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations are an indication that there isn’t enough fresh air in many buildings and homes. Tight construction allows less air to exchange between the inside and the outside, requiring mechanical ventilation.

When possible, opening windows and doors can help dilute indoor pollutants. Exhaust fans inbathroomsand range hoods in kitchens are helpful for removing moisture, odors, and particles but do not necessarily lower carbon dioxide concentrations elsewhere. In addition, exhaust fans are often ineffective in tightly constructed spaces because makeup air is needed to replace the exhausted air. Balanced ventilation solutions are a good option in tightly constructed homes and buildings because they both exhaust carbon dioxide and supply fresh air, allowing air to exchange between the inside and outside of the building.

Zehnder ComfoAir Ventilators

Zehnder heat recovery ventilators supply a constant stream of fresh air to bedrooms, offices, gyms, and schools while simultaneously exhausting stale, contaminated air. These heat recovery ventilation systems are up to 95 percent efficient in transferring heat from the exhaust air to the intake air, saving energy.Projects retrofit with Zehnder systemshave shown a significant increase in indoor air quality, including reduced carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, microbial volatile organic compounds, and total volatile organic compound (VOC) levels.

As the concept of achieving optimum health and productivity grows in popularity, indoor air quality is also gaining more attention. Reducing airborne contaminants from the air is an important way to improve cognitive function, alertness, and overall energy levels.

How Bedroom CO2 Levels Impact Restful Sleep (2024)

FAQs

What is a safe CO2 level in bedroom? ›

If your bedroom doors are open and your apartment is below 1,500ppm for part of the night/day, it won't cause those health effects.

How does bedroom air quality affect sleep and next day performance? ›

Objectively measured sleep quality and the perceived freshness of bedroom air improved significantly when the CO2 level was lower, as did next-day reported sleepiness and ability to concentrate and the subjects' performance of a test of logical thinking.

Can indoor air quality affect sleep? ›

In children and adolescents, increased exposure to both ambient and indoor pollutants is associated with increased respiratory sleep problems and a variety of additional adverse sleep outcomes. In adults, air pollution exposure was most notably related to sleep disordered breathing.

Does high CO2 make you sleepy? ›

How Does CO2 Affect People? As CO2 levels rise, you get less and less oxygen in each breath. This can cause you to feel sleepy, tired, or less focused. At more extreme levels, carbon dioxide can give you a headache and make you feel dizzy.

How can I reduce CO2 in my room at night? ›

By opening your window at night, and keeping a fan going you can greatly reduce the co2 levels in your bedroom. As we mentioned earlier, having plants in your room/house is a great way to clean the air and reduce co2 levels.

Do air purifiers reduce CO2? ›

No. They do not remove carbon dioxide (CO2). Almost all air purifiers are designed to capture some combination of particles and toxic gasses, but CO2 can't be captured by the same filters that capture other gaseous air pollution. Only ventilation removes CO2.

How does the bedroom environment affect sleep? ›

Studies have shown people simply sleep better when their bedroom is optimized for light and noise levels, temperature, and comfort. And since sleep quality and duration are directly tied to other aspects of human health, a bedroom environment that promotes sleep can also improve how you feel while you're awake.

What should the bedroom environment be like for good sleep? ›

A good sleep environment that is very dark, quiet, cool, and comfortable can improve your sleep.

How often should you air out your bedroom? ›

Prevailing wisdom is that at least 5 minutes—and ideally 15 to 20 minutes—a day of ventilation significantly improves indoor air quality. For a strong ventilation, open the front and back door, along with windows on the path in between, to get the baddies out.

Why does the air quality in my house get worse at night? ›

This is because, as the temperature drops during the nighttime hours, the atmosphere traps car emissions, CO2, and other pollutants in the house and down near the ground – and the effect is much worse if spaces inside the home are poorly ventilated.

Why is air quality in bedroom bad? ›

Indoor air also has allergens, such as dust, pet dander, and mold. Building materials, furniture, carpets, scents, and cleaners can release chemicals into the air.

How can I tell if my room has bad air quality? ›

Take action upon noticing these signs and improve the quality of life indoors.
  1. Coughing or Difficulty Breathing. ...
  2. Sneezing or Allergic Reactions. ...
  3. Skin Dryness or Irritation. ...
  4. Headaches or Nausea. ...
  5. Inability to Sleep. ...
  6. Dust Buildup. ...
  7. Hot and Cold Spots. ...
  8. Unpleasant Odor.
Aug 29, 2019

How much CO2 is too much in a room? ›

Again, as a rule of thumb, CO2 levels above 1,200 ppm indoors indicate potential air flow issues, while CO2 levels above 2,000 ppm have been shown to increase occupant complaints of room “stuffiness” as well as statistically higher levels of negative respiratory effects.

What causes high CO2 levels in a bedroom? ›

Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations are an indication that there isn't enough fresh air in many buildings and homes. Tight construction allows less air to exchange between the inside and the outside, requiring mechanical ventilation. When possible, opening windows and doors can help dilute indoor pollutants.

What are the symptoms of too much CO2? ›

When CO2 levels in the bloodstream are too high, it can lead to various symptoms, ranging from mild to potentially life threatening. Mild symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. In more severe cases, you may experience difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, seizures, or respiratory failure.

What naturally removes CO2 from the air? ›

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide naturally — and trees are especially good at storing carbon removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.

What cleans CO2 out of the air? ›

Carbon Dioxide Removal

The two main strategies for removing carbon from the atmosphere are tree planting and forest restoration or conservation efforts, and direct air capture (DAC), according to a World Resources Institute report released in 2020.

What absorbs CO2 the fastest? ›

This biochemical reaction is the same for all plants, but the faster a plant grows, the more carbon dioxide it will use up per second. By that measure, bamboo might be the best at sucking up CO₂.

How do I get rid of CO2 in my bedroom? ›

Ventilation can make a huge difference

Keeping the natural air flowing is the key. Whenever you can, try opening up your windows to allow fresh air in, ventilating your space. Another option is to keep the doors of your rooms open so that fresh air is filtered through.

What is a healthy home CO2 level? ›

To minimize the risk of airborne transmission of viruses, CO2 levels should be as possible in all indoor spaces. It is recommended to stay close to 400 ppm, (outdoor CO2 concentration), and below 800 ppm.

What should CO2 levels be for indoor air quality? ›

The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) currently recommends that CO2 levels be maintained below 1,000 ppm. CO2 levels will typically increase over the course of a normal day as human exhalation buildings up.

Are dark bedrooms better for sleep? ›

Exposure to light suppresses the production of melatonin, so sleeping in a dark room allows our bodies to produce more of this sleep-inducing hormone. In addition, sleeping in a dark room helps to reset our body clocks, or circadian rhythms.

Does a dark bedroom help you sleep? ›

It helps you fall asleep easier

According to sleep experts, darkness helps to stimulate the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps you fall asleep quickly. It also helps to keep you asleep until you complete all sleeping cycles. Additionally, darkness also promotes relaxation which helps you fall asleep quickly.

Why do you sleep better in a clean room? ›

Improves Air Quality. Vacuuming, dusting, and cleaning your room regularly will help ensure that you are able to sleep better. Cleaning will help ensure that you have helped rid the air of dust particles and allergens that may otherwise be in the air. Being able to breathe will lead to a much better night's sleep.

Does closing vents in unused rooms help? ›

The short answer is no; you should not close air vents in your house. Closing vents can actually waste more energy than operating your system normally. How does closing air vents waste energy? Because when you close vents in unused rooms, your central air system will push the excess air to other places in your home.

What happens if you don't air out your room? ›

This can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation. It can make chronic lung diseases such as asthma worse. It can also increase the risk for lung infections.

What happens if you never open your windows? ›

Not only can keeping openings closed cause condensation issues inside your house (i.e. weeping windows), which we know can lead to mould, it also allows toxins already inside the home to build up. That includes volatile organic compounds, mold spores, dust, smoke, radon, viruses and bacteria.

Why do VOCs spike at night? ›

During sleep, people likely inhale more VOCs because of poor bedroom ventilation and the close proximity of their nose and mouth to mattresses and bedding that emit the compounds.

Can poor air quality cause insomnia? ›

A 2017 study found that people who lived in areas with high levels of outdoor air pollution were 60% more likely to sleep poorly than those in regions with less pollution. Another study found poor ventilation can also lead to restless nights and groggy mornings.

What time of the day is the air cleaner? ›

5 air pollution is highest in the morning and lowest in the afternoon. So, if you're planning exercising outside, you're usually best off in the afternoon. But keep in mind that none of the five cities average air below the WHO annual limit at any time of day.

What should you avoid in bedroom? ›

Keeping some things in your bedroom can also negatively affect your health.
...
Getting rid of them will make your bedroom a healthier and tidier space.
  • Pets. ...
  • Clutter. ...
  • Electronic devices. ...
  • Exercise equipment. ...
  • A workspace or desk. ...
  • Dirty laundry. ...
  • An old mattress.

How do I know if the air in my bedroom is dry? ›

Signs The Air In Your House Is Too Dry
  1. Irritated sinus and nose bleeds can make it hard to breathe or sleep at night. If you wake up in the middle of the night coughing, it might be from dry indoor air.
  2. Asthma and allergy flare-ups. ...
  3. Increase in static electricity. ...
  4. Damage to wood in your home.
Jan 20, 2022

What are the symptoms of air stagnation? ›

The air stagnation advisory remains in effect for much of OR. These conditions can cause dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, coughing, excessive phlegm & nausea. Contact your doctor if you have symptoms such as chest pain/tightness, shortness of breath or severe fatigue.

How can I test the air in my room? ›

How to Test The Air Quality in Your Home
  1. Purchase an indoor air quality monitor.
  2. Test for mold in the air.
  3. Install carbon monoxide alarms.
  4. Conduct a radon test.

How do you test the air quality in your home for mold? ›

To test for mold in your home, you need to have a mold-testing kit. Testing kits are affordable and widely available in most home-improvement stores and online e-commerce websites. Once you determine that you have mold, you should call a professional mold company such as IBBOTSON Heating & Air Conditioning Co.

How do you test CO2 levels in a room? ›

In order to measure carbon dioxide, a CO2 sensor is used. One of the most common types is the NDIR non-dispersive infrared sensor. It is popular due to its long life-span, speed, and low cross-sensitivity to other gases. An NDIR CO2 sensor works by measuring infrared light in an air sample.

What are signs of carbon dioxide in the house? ›

The following 12 signs may help you to detect a carbon monoxide leakage or buildup in your home, such as:
  • Breathlessness.
  • Chest pains.
  • Fits.
  • Loss of consciousness.
  • Headaches.
  • Nausea.
  • Confusion.

Can too much CO2 make you tired? ›

As CO2 levels rise, you get less and less oxygen in each breath. This can cause you to feel sleepy, tired, or less focused. At more extreme levels, carbon dioxide can give you a headache and make you feel dizzy. As the study showed, higher CO2 levels can make the air stuffy and lower the quality of your sleep.

At what level does CO2 become toxic? ›

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends an 8- hour TWA Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 5,000 ppm and a Ceiling exposure limit (not to be exceeded) of 30,000 ppm for a 10-minute period. A value of 40,000 is considered immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH value).

What emits CO2 in a house? ›

Sources of CO2 in indoor air

Indoors, CO2 is mainly produced through the respiration (breathing) of occupants, but can also come from: cigarette smoking. unvented or poorly vented fuel-burning appliances.

What is an acceptable CO2 level in a room? ›

Using CO2 as an indicator of ventilation, ASHRAE has recommended indoor CO2 concentrations be maintained at—or below—1,000 ppm in schools and 800 ppm in offices (see chart below).

What is a bad CO2 level in a room? ›

400 ppm: average outdoor air level. 400–1,000 ppm: typical level found in occupied spaces with good air exchange. 1,000–2,000 ppm: level associated with complaints of drowsiness and poor air. 2,000–5,000 ppm: level associated with headaches, sleepiness, and stagnant, stale, stuffy air.

What is an acceptable CO2 level in a home? ›

In summary, ASHRAE recommends that levels in your home be between, maintained at, or below 1,000ppm in schools and 800ppm in offices.

Can CO2 build up in a bedroom? ›

High Indoor Levels of Carbon Dioxide

Unventilated bedrooms often have high concentrations of carbon dioxide, especially when there is more than one occupant using the room. Typically, carbon dioxide levels rise during the night when people are sleeping, especially if the door and windows are closed.

What increases CO2 in a room? ›

Crowded rooms

On average, 4% of exhaled air is carbon dioxide. So what happens when you put a lot of people in a poorly ventilated room? Carbon dioxide levels rise. In fact, that stuffy, cramped, tired feeling you may have experienced at a crowded party is likely due to the increased levels of CO2.

What are symptoms of high CO2 levels? ›

In many cases, a higher CO2 level leads to mild symptoms including headache and fatigue. When the mechanisms designed to protect this balance in your body no longer work, more severe symptoms of difficulty breathing, respiratory failure, seizure, and coma can occur.

Does room temperature affect CO2 levels? ›

Results show that pressure, temperature, and relative humidity have a significant effect on the output of CO2 concentration.

How can I reduce CO2 in my house? ›

Replace your air filters and any other parts as needed to improve ventilation and lower CO2 levels in your home.
  1. Design your home to support airflow. ...
  2. Limit open flames. ...
  3. Incorporate plants in your home. ...
  4. Increase airflow while cooking. ...
  5. Limit your exposure to VOCs.
Dec 2, 2020

Why do CO2 levels increase at night? ›

Then at night or during autumn and winter, plants reduce or even stop photosynthesising, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air. This is often called the natural carbon cycle.

What CO2 level is good ventilation? ›

The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) currently recommends that CO2 levels be maintained below 1,000 ppm. CO2 levels will typically increase over the course of a normal day as human exhalation buildings up.

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