Gross Margin vs. Profit Margin: An Overview
Gross margin and profit margin are profitability ratios used to assess the financial health of a company. Both gross profit margin and profit margin—more commonly known as net profit margin—measure the profitability of a company as compared to the revenue generated for a period. Both ratios are expressed in percentage terms but have distinct differences between them.
Profit marginis a percentage measurement of profit that expresses the amount a company earns per dollar of sales. If a company makes more money per sale, it has a higher profit margin.
Key Takeaways
- Both gross profit margin and net profit margin are used to determine how efficient a company's management is in earning profits.
- The gross profit margin provides an indication of how efficientlya company produces its goods given the costs involved.
- The gross profit margin is calculated by deducting from the revenue the costs associated with the production, such as parts and packaging.
- The net profit margin is the bottom line of a company in percentage terms and is the ultimate measure of profitability for a company.
- The net profit margin is calculated by deducting from the gross profit operating expenses and any other expenses, such as debt.
Profit marginis thepercentageof profit that a company retains after deducting costs from sales revenue. Expressing profit in terms of a percentage of revenue, rather than just stating a dollar amount, is more helpful for evaluating a company's financial condition.
If a company's $500,000 profit reflects a 50% profit margin, then the company is in solid financial health, with revenues well above expenses. If that $500,000 is a mere 1% over the company's total costs and expenses, then the company is barely solvent, and just the slightest increase in costs may be sufficient to push the company into bankruptcy.
Gross Profit Margin
The gross profit margin is the percentage of the company's revenue that exceeds its cost of goods sold. It measures the ability of a company to generate revenue from the costs involved in production.
The gross profit margin is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from revenue. The COGS, also known as the cost of sales, is the amount it costs a company to produce the goods or services that it sells.
Example of Gross Profit Margin
Apple's net sales for the quarter ending June 27, 2020, were$59.7 billion, and itscost of sales was$37 billion for the period.Apple's gross profit margin for the quarter was 38%, ($59.7 billion - $37 billion) / $59.7 billion.
Below is the quarterly incomestatement forApple Inc.(AAPL)as ofJune 27, 2020:
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Apple2Q2020IncomeStatement-810d3a73c6f64a8d931979faaec40067.jpeg "Gross Margin vs. Profit Margin: What's the Difference? (1)")
It's useful to analyze the margins of companies over time to determine any trends and to compare the margins with companies in the same industry.
Net Profit Margin
When investors and analysts refer to a company's profit margin, they're typically referring to the net profit margin.The netprofit margin is the percentage of net income generated from a company's revenue. Net income is often referred to as the bottom line for a company or the net profit.
The net profit margin shows whether increases in revenue translate into increased profitability. Net profit includes gross profit (revenue minus cost of goods) while also subtracting operating expensesand all other expenses, such as interest paid on debt and taxes.
Example of NetProfit Margin
For the quarter ending June 27, 2020, Apple's net sales were $59.7 billionand its net income was $11.3 billion for the period. Apple's netprofit margin for the quarter was 18.9%, ($11.4 billion / $59.7 billion).
Anet profit margin of 18.9% meansthat for every dollar generated by Applein sales, the company kept$0.189as profit.
