Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce | Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce - B Com (2024)

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\ " + data[j]["testList"][i]["title"] + "\ Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce Up next Document Description: Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce for B Com 2023 is part of Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce preparation. The notes and questions for Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce have been prepared according to the B Com exam syllabus. Information about Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce covers topics like and Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce Example, for B Com 2023 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce. Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce Up next Download free EduRev App Related Searches Sample Paper Summary Objective type Questions Exam Free Semester Notes Previous Year Questions with Solutions Important questions shortcuts and tricks Extra Questions video lectures past year papers Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce | Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce - B Com ppt Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce | Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce - B Com MCQs study material Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce | Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce - B Com pdf mock tests for examination Viva Questions practice quizzes FAQs

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See Also
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Definition, Types & Examples of FDIForeign Portfolio vs. Foreign Direct Investment: What's the Difference?Direct Investment Definition, With Types and ExamplesTypes of investment | Access2Markets

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B Com>Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce>Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment - Interdisciplinary Issues in Indian Commerce

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Factors that affect foreign direct investment (FDI)
foreign direct investment (FDI) means companies purchase capital and invest in a foreign country. For example, if a US multinational, such as Nike built a factory for making trainers in Pakistan; this would count as foreign direct investment.

In summary, the main factors that affect foreign direct investment are

  • Infrastructure and access to raw materials
  • Communication and transport links.
  • Skills and wage costs of labour

Factors affecting foreign direct investment

1. Wage rates

A major incentive for a multinational to invest abroad is to outsource labour intensive production to countries with lower wages. If average wages in the US are $15 an hour, but $1 an hour in the Indian sub-continent, costs can be reduced by outsourcing production. This is why many Western firms have invested in clothing factories in the Indian sub-continent.

  • However, wage rates alone do not determine FDI, countries with high wage rates can still attract higher tech investment. A firm may be reluctant to invest in Sub-Saharan Africa because low wages are outweighed by other drawbacks, such as lack of infrastructure and transport links.

2. Labour skills

Some industries require higher skilled labour, for example pharmaceuticals and electronics. Therefore, multinationals will invest in those countries with a combination of low wages, but high labour productivity and skills. For example, India has attracted significant investment in call centres, because a high percentage of the population speak English, but wages are low. This makes it an attractive place for outsourcing and therefore attracts investment.

3. Tax rates

Large multinationals, such as Apple, Google and Microsoft have sought to invest in countries with lower corporation tax rates. For example, Ireland has been successful in attracting investment from Google and Microsoft. In fact it has been controversial because Google has tried to funnel all profits through Ireland, despite having operations in all European countries.

4. Transport and infrastructure

A key factor in the desirability of investment are the transport costs and levels of infrastructure. A country may have low labour costs, but if there is then high transport costs to get the goods onto the world market, this is a drawback. Countries with access to the sea are at an advantage to landlocked countries, who will have higher costs to ship goods.

5. Size of economy / potential for growth

Foreign direct investment is often targeted to selling goods directly to the country involved in attracting the investment. Therefore, the size of the population and scope for economic growth will be important for attracting investment. For example, Eastern European countries, with a large population, e.g. Poland offers scope for new markets. This may attract foreign car firms, e.g. Volkswagen, Fiat to invest and build factories in Poland to sell to the growing consumer class. Small countries may be at a disadvantage because it is not worth investing for a small population. China will be a target for foreign investment as the new emerging Chinese middle class could have very strong demand for the goods and services of multinationals.

6. Political stability / property rights

Foreign direct investment has an element of risk. Countries with an uncertain political situation, will be a major disincentive. Also, economic crisis can discourage investment. For example, the recent Russian economic crisis, combined with economic sanctions, will be a major factor to discourage foreign investment. This is one reason why former Communist countries in the East are keen to join the European Union. The EU is seen as a signal of political and economic stability, which encourages foreign investment.

Related to political stability is the level of corruption and trust in institutions, especially judiciary and the extent of law and order.

7. Commodities

One reason for foreign investment is the existence of commodities. This has been a major reason for the growth in FDI within Africa – often by Chinese firms looking for a secure supply of commodities.

8. Exchange rate

A weak exchange rate in the host country can attract more FDI because it will be cheaper for the multinational to purchase assets. However, exchange rate volatility could discourage investment.

9. Clustering effects

Foreign firms often are attracted to invest in similar areas to existing FDI. The reason is that they can benefit from external economies of scale – growth of service industries and transport links. Also, there will be greater confidence to invest in areas with a good track record. Therefore, some countries can create a virtuous cycle of attracting investment and then these initial investments attracting more. It is also sometimes known as anagglomeration effect.

10. Access to free trade areas.

A significant factor for firms investing in Europe is access to EU Single market, which is a free trade area but also has very low non-tariff barriers because of harmonisation of rules, regulations and free movement of people. For example, UK post-Brexit is likely to be less attractive to FDI, if it is outside the Single Market.

Evaluation

There are many different factors that determine foreign direct investment (FDI) and it is hard to isolate individual factors, given there are many different variables. It also depends on the type of industry. For example, with manufacturing FDI, low wage costs tend to be the most important, as they are a labour intensive industry. For service sector FDI, macro-economic stability and political openness tend to be more important.

Also, it depends on the source of FDI, American firms may value political openness more than Chinese firms. Or American firms may have a preference for countries where English is spoken more.

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FAQs

What are the issues faced by foreign investors in India? ›

Some of the major impediments for India's poor performance in the area of FDI are: political instability, poor infrastructure, confusing tax and tariff policies, Draconian labor laws, well entrenched corruption and governmental regulations.

Find Out More ›
What is the impact of foreign direct investment on Indian business? ›

FDI India plays a major role in the economic development of India by being the main monetary source. We assist foreign companies invest directly into private Indian Business and act as bridge between Indian Entrepreneurs who are looking for foreign funds with the foreign investor that is the right fit.

Read More ›
What are the issues in foreign investment? ›

Knowing what they are and how you can mitigate those risks may help you decide if going global is worth the risk and potential rewards.
  • Higher Transaction Costs. The biggest barrier to investing in international markets is the added transaction cost. ...
  • Currency Volatility. ...
  • Liquidity Risks.

See More ›
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