Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (2024)

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (1)

Imagine coming to a strange land, not knowing a soul, not knowing where to go, not speaking the language. Such was the case in the mid-1800s, when thousands of Chinese immigrated to America, mostly men, with little to no resources. This was when family associations formed, based on Chinese regional districts, dialect, or last names. These support entities were based after China’shuiguensystem of group organization with official meeting halls for Chinese who worked in remote cities and needed food, shelter, and employment.


In Chinatown, several associations banded together to create the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) for mutual aid and protection. This united front, made up of Chinese merchants and businessmen, arose out of a need for immigrant Chinese to be organized for socio, economic, and political reasons. CCBA was officially recognized as an organization in 1882 and incorporated by 1901.


At the beginning, the group provided a myriad of services. It helped the brotherhood find jobs and housing. Sometimes operating like a magisterial courthouse, it settled disputes among the various Chinatown family associations. The CCBA would protect the economic interests of members with financial resources and advice. When the elderly wanted to return to China, the CCBA paid for their steamship passage. It helped to set up the Tung Wah Chinese dispensary within Chinatown to tend to the sick. For many years, it served as the de facto governing board over the Chinese community.

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (2)
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (3)

As the CCBA grew in power, it became the single voice representing the Chinese during the years of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The CCBA was needed for successive decades when racism worsened with added layers of discriminatory state and local ordinances. It served as a liaison between the Chinese community and the outside world, and it hired its own white attorney for representation in court. Over the years the CCBA filed hundreds of court cases on behalf of the Chinese. It also started a Chinese language school and offered legal support for overseas Chinese workers with no recourse in other countries.


CCBA is also known as the Chinese Six Companies, but the companies are not businesses. Eachcompanyor benevolent association represents a set of clans or regional affiliations. These include the Hoy Sun Ning Yung, Hop Wo, Kong Chow, Yeong Wo, Sam Yup, Yan Wo, and later the Sue Hing (which makes it seven, but it kept the same name). Within the highly-organized structure, the all-male governing board rotates the presidency every two months with the title going to a different benevolent association for fairness.

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (4)
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (5)
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (6)

According to long-time member Thomas Ng, the CCBA represents over 50,000 Chinese in the combined memberships of the seven companies. This society is mainly comprised of retirees and elderly, and business is conducted in Cantonese. Whether their American-born offspring will participate and continue leadership is unknown. While over 200 family associations are headquartered in Chinatown, the CCBA is the largest and still welds power and a political voice. It holds regular meetings to discuss matters such as charity funding and legislative issues that can potentially impact the Chinese community. In recent years, it successfully gathered thousands of local signatures to ban local marijuana dispensaries from operating in Chinatown and also demanded improved crosswalks to ensure the safety of its senior citizens.


Mr. Ng, 86, continues to serve in the CCBA as a director. He walks a block from his home to the meeting hall which hosts monthly business meetings. “We get donations for disasters and look for ways to help out,” he says. “We usually talk about how we can serve the community, and that is why I am here. I enjoy it.”


In San Francisco, the CCBA’s three-story world headquarters is found on 843 Stockton Street. It is the most distinctive building on the avenue painted in green, yellow, and red (Chinese lucky colors) with stone lions and pagoda rooftops. No tours are given inside this palatial hall, and entrance is strictly limited to members and approved visitors.

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assoc. | Chinatown Book (2024)

FAQs

What was the purpose of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association? ›

In the twentieth century, the CCBA continued to pursue its mandate of protecting the interests of Chinese residents, resolving disputes within the community, and providing welfare services.

What are the 6 companies in China? ›

The Six Companies, organized in the 1850s and formally established in 1882, were an amalgamation of the six most important Chinese organizations, or "district associations," in California at the time: the Sam Yup, Yeung Wo, Kong Chow, Ning Yuen, Hop Wo, and Yan Wo.

Who are the six companies warrior? ›

The six were: the Sam Yup Company, See Yup Company, Ning Yuen Company, Yeung Wo Company, Hop Wo Company, and Hip Kat Company.

What social service did the Chinese six company provide? ›

Though most Americans didn't realize it, the Six Companies that ruled Chinatown were relatively benevolent organizations. They were formed to help the Chinese come from and return to China, to take care of the sick and the starving, and to return corpses to China for burial.

What was the main goal of the Chinese Act? ›

The Chinese Exclusion Act was adopted in 1882. The purpose of the law is stated in the name: to prevent would-be immigrants of Chinese origin from entering the US. The law was repealed in 1943 (during world war two) when the US and China were allies.

What was the main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act group of answer choices? ›

Meant to curb the influx of Chinese immigrants to the United States—particularly California—the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization. President Chester A. Arthur signed it into law on May 6, 1882.

How many US companies are owned by China? ›

As of the end of 2022, data indicates the operation of around 5,000 Chinese-owned companies in the United States, spanning diverse industries such as technology, manufacturing, finance, and real estate.

Who is the richest man in China? ›

Current richest Chinese billionaire is Zhong Shanshan, ranked as the eighth wealthiest man in the world as of March 11, 2022.

What American food brands are owned by China? ›

These are large multinational companies like Smithfield Foods, Syngenta, or the Walton International Group, which are all either owned by another Chinese company or Chinese investors.

Who are the real Chinese tongs? ›

Tongs were usually composed of young men, some with criminal backgrounds, or outcasts who had been expelled from their associations. Notably, many of the traditional tong activities, such as gambling, were legal in China, but not in North America.

Is Warrior based off a true story? ›

Although the Bruce Lee-inspired Cinemax series Warrior is fiction, it is loosely based on historical events of San Francisco in the 1870s.

What does Hop Wei mean in Chinese? ›

Also, according to my phone, Hop roughly translates into Peace or Harmony. Wei roughly translates into hello or greeting. So Hop Wei equals Peaceful Hello. But in the unlikely event of a merger, together they would form the Long Hop, aka the Lasting Peace.

What did the Chinese Six companies do? ›

These Six Companies were originally organized for the purpose of mutual protection and care of our people coming to and going from this country. The Six Companies do not claim, nor do they exercise any judicial authority whatever, but are the same as any tradesmen or protective and benevolent societies.

What is the most used social in China? ›

As the most popular Chinese social media platform, it's no surprise that WeChat has an estimated reach of 1.3 billion monthly active users in 2023. The app's average daily active users also achieved new heights of 614 million for its mini-programs.

What is a Chinese six truck? ›

A Chinese Six is a three axled rigid, with two steer axles at the front, like an 8 legger with only one drtive axle. They are intended for use delivering gradually reducing heavy loads.

What is the Chinese benevolent association history? ›

The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) is one of the oldest community organizations in Chinatown. The parent organization of the Chinese Community Center, the CCBA was founded in 1883 and has represented and served the needs of Chinese Americans in New York City ever since.

What is the history of the Chinese consolidated benevolent association? ›

CCBA was officially recognized as an organization in 1882 and incorporated by 1901. At the beginning, the group provided a myriad of services. It helped the brotherhood find jobs and housing. Sometimes operating like a magisterial courthouse, it settled disputes among the various Chinatown family associations.

What was the main purpose of the Great Wall of China group of answer choices? ›

The Great Wall of China is the longest man-made structure ever designed or built in history. The Great Wall of China was built to serve as defense against enemy attack from nomadic tribes north of China. It also served to protect the trade route across China.

What was the significance of the Chinese Equal rights League? ›

The League placed its attack of the Geary Act on broad grounds, arguing that Chinese residents were entitled to equal rights with other residents, should be eligible for citizenship on equal terms with others, and should ultimately be given the vote.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Kelle Weber

Last Updated:

Views: 5702

Rating: 4.2 / 5 (53 voted)

Reviews: 84% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Kelle Weber

Birthday: 2000-08-05

Address: 6796 Juan Square, Markfort, MN 58988

Phone: +8215934114615

Job: Hospitality Director

Hobby: tabletop games, Foreign language learning, Leather crafting, Horseback riding, Swimming, Knapping, Handball

Introduction: My name is Kelle Weber, I am a magnificent, enchanting, fair, joyous, light, determined, joyous person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.