Can You Shoot a Fleeing Thief? | Texas (2024)

2022-02-14T07:05:27-06:00April 2nd, 2019|Tags: Defending Property, Texas, Videos|34 Comments

Can You Shoot Someone For Trespassing in Texas?

It’s midnight, and you awaken to strange sounds somewhere outside the front of your home. You get out of bed, grab your firearm, run to your front window and look outside. That’s when you see a masked man in your yard, peeking into your car, and looking around for security cameras. What can you legally do to stop him? Do you have to let him steal your property?

Let’s change it up a bit, what if the sound turns out to be broken glass from your front door, and you walk into your living room only to discover your front door wide open? You hear someone moving in the next room, and you know your wife and child are still in bed, asleep. What should you do?

These are very frightening scenarios we hope you never face, but we want you to understand the potential criminal consequences that you, as a responsible gun owner, could face if you use force or deadly force to defend against certain types of crimes involving property. Remember, many states strictly forbid the use of deadly force to protect your property.

Criminal Consequences

Let’s look at the potential criminal consequences you could face if you decide to confront these types of perpetrators with force or deadly force.

Texas Penal Code Section 9.41 explains that a person is allowed to use force, but not deadly force, to terminate a mere trespass or interference with property.

  • “Trespass” occurs when a person enters onto or into property, knowing that entry is forbidden or remains on the property after being told to leave by someone with authority.
  • “Theft” or “Interference with Property” occurs when a person takes another’s property with the intent to deprive them of that property and without the owner’s consent.

Going back to the example above, if you grab your firearm, go outside and fire a shot at the trespasser or someone merely creeping around your yard, you will likely find yourself facing a serious felony . In these circ*mstances, Texas Law only permits the use of force, not deadly force.

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Now, what if the trespasser sees you, but instead of running away, he comes toward you with a weapon in one hand and your property in the other? It’s important to note that this is no longer a mere trespass. It has quickly changed to an attempted murder or an aggravated robbery. This distinction is important when we discuss the use of force or deadly force because if you choose to use deadly force and fire upon the perpetrator, your conduct will likely be justified.

Remember, the starting point for using force or deadly force in Texas can be boiled down to two things: reasonableness and immediate necessity.

So, when can you use deadly force in Texas to protect property? Texas law allows you to use deadly force to protect property if you would be justified in using force, and you reasonably believe it is immediately necessary to prevent the imminent commission of specific enumerated property crimes. These are arson, burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, theft during the nighttime, or criminal mischief during the nighttime.

Turning to the second example we discussed earlier, the sound of breaking glass and finding your front door wide open. It is very likely that you’ve discovered the imminent commission of one or more of the crimes where Texas law allows the use of deadly force. The bad guy is no longer a mere trespasser and his conduct is elevated to the point where he’s probably committing or attempting to commit burglary or worse.

Texas Property Laws

Let’s take both examples one step further and address a common question we’re asked: “What happens if I discover that the criminal already has my property and runs away when he sees me approach with a firearm? What can I legally do to recover my property?” When it comes to using deadly force to recover your stolen property, Texas juries will have a three-step process to decide if you were legally justified.

  • Step 1: The jury must find that you were justified under Texas Penal Code section 9.41 to use force to stop a trespasser or an interference with your property.
  • Step 2: The jury must decide whether you had a reasonable belief that deadly force was immediately necessary to prevent a perpetrator from fleeing immediately after committing a burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, or theft during the nighttime.
  • Step 3: The jury must find that when you used deadly force to protect property, you reasonably believed it could not have been protected or recovered by other means; or using something less than deadly force would expose you to a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.

If the jury finds you were reasonable in your actions under all three of these steps, they should find your use of deadly force legally justified. Be very careful though. It may be a daunting task to convince 12 jurors that you acted reasonably in shooting someone to recover property alone, particularly where the criminal no longer posed a threat to you or your family.

Also, keep in mind this three-step analysis occurs after you’ve been arrested and charged with a crime for defending your property, during a trial, and nothing is ever guaranteed when you put a verdict in the hands of a jury.

It’s critical that you completely understand these legal concepts. If you have any questions about your rights to defend your property or any other Texas self defense laws, don’t hesitate to call U.S. LawShield and ask to speak to your Independent Program Attorney.

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The information provided in this presentation is intended to provide general information to individuals and is not legal advice. The information included in this publication may not be quoted or referred to in any other publication without the prior written consent of U.S. LawShield, to be given or withheld at our discretion. The information is not a substitute for, and does not replace the advice or representation of a licensed attorney. We strive to ensure the information included in this publication is accurate and current, however, no claim is made to the accuracy of the information and we are not responsible for any consequences that may result from the use of information in this publication. The use of this publication does not create an attorney-client relationship between U.S. LawShield, any independent program attorney, and any individual.

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34 Comments

  1. Shawn11/15/2021 at 1:29 pm - Reply

    So by law what are my rights if I’m leasing an office space and I have work vehicles parked on said property inside a fence that I rent space from with a lease agreement and a riot breaks out and people start to riot and try and harm and destroy my property by catching it on fire and hitting it with bats and so forth and they’re are coming onto my property with the gates locked and I’m yelling at them to leave and stop ? And we don’t have full coverage on said vehicles ? I’m I within my rights to use force and deadly force if necessary ? And I live in the state of Texas ..

    • mhoule11/16/2021 at 2:03 pm - Reply

      Shawn, members can contact our non-emergency line at 877-448-6839 for answers to these types of questions.

  2. Charlie Henry01/01/2022 at 5:57 am - Reply

    I heard there is a new law in Texas stating it is illegal to shoot someone to defend your home against deadly force in daylight, you can only shoot a burglar at night? Does the time of day matter in self defense in Texas?

  3. Rob06/04/2022 at 9:03 pm - Reply

    What if a rowdy neighbor comes on to my property and I ask him to leave. If he does not leave after repeated requests, can I shoot him with a bb gun?

    • USLS admin06/06/2022 at 9:13 am - Reply

      This is a great question. If you’re a member, please call our non-emergency line to get an answer from an independent program attorney at 877-448-6839.

  4. kerry lucero01/14/2023 at 2:58 pm - Reply

    “So, when can you use deadly force in Texas to protect property? Texas law allows you to use deadly force to protect property if you would be justified in using force, and you reasonably believe it is immediately necessary to prevent the imminent commission of specific enumerated property crimes. These are arson, burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, theft during the nighttime, or criminal mischief during the nighttime.” So, I can shoot and kill someone who’s running away with my hedge trimmer, kept in my garage, if the theft occurs at 3a.m., but can’t if the thief does so at 3p.m.? Sure makes a lot of sense to me, but then, I come from California. Also, how is ‘nighttime’ defined? How bout ‘criminal mischief’? Can I use deadly force against someone who is urinating on my front lawn at midnight? Maliciously breaking a flowerpot on my front porch?

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Can You Shoot a Fleeing Thief? | Texas (2024)

FAQs

Can You Shoot a Fleeing Thief? | Texas? ›

Texas law allows you to use deadly force

deadly force
Deadly force, also known as lethal force, is the use of force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Deadly_force
to protect property if you would be justified in using force, and you reasonably believe it is immediately necessary to prevent the imminent commission of specific enumerated property crimes.

Can you hurt someone trying to steal your car? ›

No, you cannot legally use force to protect your property in California. Under California law, you can only use reasonable force if you believe that you or someone else is in imminent danger. You cannot use force to protect your property, even if you believe that it is being stolen.

Can you shoot a trespasser in USA? ›

If the person is not an immediate threat to you or your family, deadly force is not permissible. This is easier to understand with concrete examples. If the trespasser is wandering around your yard, in a non-threatening manner, using deadly force can lead to felony charges.

Can you defend property with deadly force in Texas? ›

You may use force (including deadly force) to property your home, your workplace, your office or your vehicle. Keep in mind that Texas law requires the use of “reasonable” force in the matter. You, as a reasonable person, must believe that force is necessary in response to another party's illegal use of force.

Can you hit someone if they steal from you? ›

While there are a few exceptions, most states, including California, do not allow the use of deadly force simply because someone is trying to steal your car.

What are 3 reasons thieves steal cars? ›

Below we outline the top 5 reasons why cars were stolen.
  • Keys Left in Vehicles. Last year, 209 vehicles were stolen every day because the owner left their keys in the car. ...
  • Valuables Left in Plain Sight. ...
  • Newer Vehicles Can be Stolen in Less than 10 Seconds. ...
  • Parking in Areas Without Surveillance. ...
  • Lack of Vehicle Security.

Can you shoot a squatter in Texas? ›

Texas Penal Code Section 9.41 explains that a person is allowed to use force, but not deadly force, to terminate a mere trespass or interference with property.

What is the known trespasser rule? ›

If a person is an undiscovered trespasser, then the landowner has a duty to refrain from willful or wanton misconduct. Whereas, if a landowner knows that trespassers have been on his/her land, then these persons are discovered trespassers to whom the landowner owes the duty of ordinary care to warn of danger[iv].

Which states have castle laws? ›

In total, twenty states use castle doctrine. These states are Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

Is your car an extension of your home in Texas? ›

This doctrine is rooted in the idea that an individual's home (or “castle”) is their sanctuary, and they have the right to protect it and themselves without the duty to retreat. Texas also extends this protection to other places, such as an individual's vehicle or workplace, where they have a legal right to be.

What is the charge of overkill? ›

Overkill is especially used to refer to a destructive nuclear capacity exceeding the amount needed to destroy an enemy.

Can you conceal carry in Texas without a permit? ›

Beginning September 1, 2021, HB1927 made it legal in Texas for most people 21 or over to carry a handgun in a holster without a permit both openly and/or concealed. This law modified the previous open carry law from 2016 by eliminating the requirement to have a license to carry.

Can you hit someone if they spit on you? ›

In addition to battery, the crime of “assault” under Penal Code § 240 is also available for spitting. This crime covers the attempt to use force or violence rather than the actual contact. This means that spitting toward someone is a crime in and of itself, whether the spit makes contact or not.

Can I punch a robber? ›

California is a stand your ground state, so there is no duty to retreat from a fight even if you could have easily escaped. Under California's Castle Doctrine, you can use deadly force against an intruder who breaks in.

Can you hit a girl if she hits you first? ›

Yes, a man can hit a woman if she hits him first. “Use of force” (hitting someone) gets excused if it's in self-defense. Some states have “stand your ground” laws. They allow you to use a necessary level of force to “remove the threat.”

Which cars do thieves steal the most? ›

Together, this list represents 15% of all stolen vehicles in the United States during 2021.
  • Honda Civic.
  • Honda Accord.
  • Toyota Camry.
  • GMC Pickup.
  • Nissan Altima.
  • Honda CR-V.
  • Jeep Cherokee/Grand Cherokee.
  • Toyota Corolla.
Mar 8, 2023

What type of vehicle is stolen the most? ›

These were the 2000 Honda Civic, the 1997 Honda Accord, and the 2007 Toyota Camry. According to the NICB, the number of stolen vehicles in 2021 reached almost a million. That's an 8% increase from 2020 numbers. 14% of all stolen vehicles in 2021 were full-sized pick-ups.

What is the most stolen item from a car? ›

Here are nine commonly stolen car parts or items and tips to prevent theft so you don't become a victim.
  1. Tires and Wheels. If you've bought new tires and/or wheels recently, you know they can get expensive. ...
  2. Tailgates. ...
  3. Batteries. ...
  4. Catalytic Converters. ...
  5. Stereo Systems. ...
  6. Third Row Seats. ...
  7. Registration. ...
  8. Garage Door Openers.

How long can you squat in a house in Texas? ›

In Texas, a squatter can file an adverse possession claim for the property they were staying in without permission after staying there continuously for at least ten years. After this number of years, the squatter will no longer be considered a criminal trespasser.

How much land do you need to have to shoot on your own property in Texas? ›

Most of Texas counties require a minimum of 10 acres to legally hunt or discharge a firearm. There is no statewide mandate but the state has given counties and local jurisdictions the right to establish and enforce 10 acre minimums in the interest of public safety.

Can you squat in a house in Texas? ›

Squatting Laws in Texas - An Overview. A squatter is someone who lives on a property to which they have no title, no rights, and/or no lease. But despite this fact, squatters have protections under federal and state laws. Under the Texas squatters' rights, a squatter can legally own property through adverse means.

What is the difference between an intruder and a trespasser? ›

Intrusion is a tort or civil wrong distinct from trespass. Trespass derives from real property law and concerns itself with a person's right to exclude others from land or buildings that he or she lawfully possesses—whether or not the location is observable to the public, for example from adjoining property.

Do you owe a duty of care to trespassers? ›

The Trespasser Responsibility Act provides that land possessors owe no duty of care to trespassers and are not liable for harms to trespassers except in limited situations that are recognized in the common law of most states.

What is the duty owed to a discovered trespasser? ›

861, 862 (1911) ("As. to trespassers and licensees the well settled rule is that the only duty of the owners or occu- piers of the land is to abstain from inflicting intentional or wanton or wilful injuries.

Can you legally build a castle? ›

You'll need specific permits to build a castle home, and they'll certainly vary from state to state. In general, however, in order to apply for a residential building permit, you'll need to submit your plans, complete a rigorous application, and, as you've likely expected, pay some fees.

Do all 50 states have Castle Doctrine? ›

Forty-five states have some form of the castle doctrine. Castle doctrines can vary slightly from state to state, with some states narrowing their right to use deadly force against an intruder. For example, in some states, you must prove that an intruder was attempting to commit a felony.

What is an example of duty to retreat? ›

For example, if Ben pulled his knife on Joseph, who pulled his gun, this law would require Joseph to retreat if he could, but only if doing so wouldn't be dangerous to him. If Joseph was backed up to a busy highway, or a cliff, then retreat is not an option.

Can you refuse to exit your vehicle in Texas? ›

Law enforcement officers, drivers, and passengers should respond with courtesy during traffic stops and other officer/citizen interactions. Drivers and passengers should not exit the vehicle unless asked to do so. Exiting your vehicle may be perceived as aggressive behavior and a threat to the officer's safety.

Can you keep a gun in your glove box in Texas? ›

Texas has no laws regarding the carrying of long guns (rifles or shotguns) in motor vehicles.

Can I carry a pistol in my car in Texas without a license? ›

The Texas Motorist Protection Act Governs Carrying Guns in Cars. This is the act that specifically addresses guns in your vehicle in Texas. In a nutshell, it states a legal driver and gun owner doesn't need a license or permit in the Lone Star State to carry a firearm in a vehicle, whether the gun is loaded or not.

How many bullets is overkill? ›

AMS Magnum - Used in Overkill, used by G and Isaac, both hold 12 rounds default.

What is a PC weapon charge? ›

California Penal Code 4502 PC makes it a crime to possess or manufacture certain weapons in a penal institution. A violation of this section is a felony offense punishable by up to four years in jail or prison.

What is charge pc 30305? ›

This crime is embodied in California Penal Code 30305(a)(1) PC. In other words, this law makes it a crime to own, possess, or have custody of any ammunition if you are prohibited from owning or possessing a firearm, including handguns, revolvers, and assault weapons.

How many guns can you own in Texas? ›

Texas has no law restricting sales or purchases of multiple firearms.

Which state has the loosest gun laws? ›

Alaska does not have strict gun laws. According to its Giffords gun law scorecard, the state's score is F. Indeed, Alaska does not have many restrictions on the purchase and ownership of firearms. Unlike other states, the state does not impose any waiting periods for purchasing guns or require a license to own one.

Can you carry a gun in a bank in Texas? ›

As long as you are legally allowed to open or conceal carry a weapon in your state, you can bring it with you into a bank. In Texas, people who have been dishonorably discharged from the military or been convicted of a felony, domestic violence, or drug use may not be allowed to take a gun in a bank or anywhere else.

What happens if you try to steal a car? ›

Most states classify grand theft auto as a felony, punishable by one or more of the following: prison time (often up to five years or more) a fine in the thousands or tens of thousands of dollars, and. restitution (repayment) to the victim for any damage to the car or the owner's loss of use of the car.

Is it a crime to mess up someones car? ›

Vehicle Code § 10853 VC is the California statute that makes it a crime to commit malicious mischief to a vehicle. The offense is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months in county jail.

What do thieves usually do with stolen cars? ›

Chop shops

Because the parts of a stolen car may be worth more than the vehicle, stolen vehicles often end up in a chop shop. In a chop shop, a mechanic takes the car apart and discards anything that carries your vehicle identification number (VIN), such as the engine or transmission.

Can thieves break into cars? ›

Secure Your Vehicle

A car thief can break into your car and be out in about 30 seconds, fast enough that an alarm doesn't scare most of them away.

How are thieves stealing cars without keys? ›

An increasingly prevalent method employed by thieves involves the use of relay devices. In this approach, one thief aims the relay device at the front door of a residence, where proximity keys are often left. The device then transmits the key's signal to an accomplice near the driver's door of the vehicle.

How do thieves mark cars? ›

Sometimes thieves mark cars to steal and sell on for parts. They simply use a marker pen to mark the car. There are also reports of criminals pushing in wing-mirrors to further draw attention to the car. They might even try to gain access to the car if the driver gets out to readjust the mirror.

Do you rob a car or steal a car? ›

If someone takes several things from a building without intending to return them, you say that they rob the building. He told the police he robbed the bank to buy a car. When someone takes something without intending to return it, you do not say that they `rob' it. You say that they steal it.

Do people who key cars get caught? ›

And it may seem like you can get away with keying a car without any witnesses. In reality, many people who keyed a car are caught by law enforcement in California every day.

Why do people key cars? ›

The motives behind car keying can vary from person to person. Some people do it out of spite or revenge, while others may do it as a form of expression or vandalism. Keying a car can also be a way for someone to release their anger or frustration. In some cases, it may even be a random act of destruction.

What to do if someone eggs your car? ›

Eggs can literally eat away the paint of your car within hours. If you notice your car has been egged, it is essential to wash it right away with a pressure sprayer on low. If it has had time to dry, you can soak the area with hot soap and try to remove the egg with a microfiber cloth.

What do car burglars look for? ›

Thieves will steal anything valuable, but the most common items stolen from cars tend to be electronics, personal information, and accessories.

What is the most common stolen car part? ›

Catalytic Converters

These are some of the most common stolen car parts affecting the car's functioning. One of the signs is a loud roaring sound that your car makes. People steal catalytic converters because they contain metals such as rhodium, palladium, and platinum. These metals are a source of quick money.

How do you scare car thieves? ›

Visible devices, such as a steering wheel lock, window etching or an alarm system's flashing light, may also be enough to deter a car thief, according to the NHTSA. If they are not sure they can get away with the car quietly or fear they may get caught, Firestone says they may just avoid your vehicle altogether.

How fast can thieves strip a car? ›

Increasingly, they are involved in professional rings operating parts-stripping and reselling scams, usually global in scope. Chop shops can strip a stolen car in less than thirty minutes. The parts are then sold to repair and body shops, netting the thieves two to four times the price of the whole car.

Where do thieves look in a car? ›

The issue lies in the fact that glove compartments more often simply conceal your belongings, rather than protecting them. If a thief is already rooting around inside your vehicle, the first area they choose to check will more often than not be the glove box.

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